Recommendations

The development of a continuous feeder and char removal system for the MFR is recommended. As a result of having a continuous system, testing would be faster. Additionally, the system could be brought to steady-state regime and then operating conditions could be adjusted to observe how the process responds. Moreover, a continuous system could be more easily commercialized both for research and business purposes.

Testing of other porous materials is also recommended. Not only can lignin processability be improved with the appropriate bed material, but also the power consumption would decrease. Quantification of phenolics in terms of actual yield on biomass basis should be performed if the objective is to increase the productivity of specific classes of compounds. About 90 different phenolics were detected in the bio-oils analyzed, but the purpose of this study was only to determine how lignin content affects their total concentration.

DEM modelling is a very powerful tool to study solid particulate. This thesis presents only a preliminary study using this type of simulation, but further experimental testing is necessary in order to adjust the parameters used in this simulation and develop a more realistic model of the MFR. Additionally, in the present work, the pyrolysis reactions were not taken into account, although the evolution of gas and vapours is expected to have a great impact on the mixing. It is, thus, recommended to couple DEM and CFD in order to simulate also the gas phase. Moreover,

a simulation of the mixing with the spiral and paddles stirrer would be very interesting to determine whether modeling can predict the advantages and drawbacks of differently shaped stirrers.

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