Recommendations

Based on the results of this thesis, multiple recommendations can be presented for researchers and further research. The first important point is the theory of the Chicago school. In this thesis, the distance from the neighborhood to the city center is measured and used as one variable. However, some neighborhoods also have their own commercial center. So it is possible that within the neighborhood other zones around this center can be developed or that surrounding neighborhoods

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are influenced by the small commercial center of other neighborhoods. This means that research should not only be conducted on neighborhood level, but also on a smaller level, such as street level or housing blocks levels. If this research will be conducted, then it is possible that some variables will change. On smaller level, it is more likely to inserts variables that are measured on individual level. Further research with respect to smaller levels can be very interesting for the research based on safety levels or for policy makers.

In this thesis, the only physical variables that are used are the distance, the value of the dwellings, the percentage of non- vacant dwellings and the level of cleanliness. However, it is possible that other physical characteristics, such as street lights, street design or the spatial planning can have an important influence on both the objective and the subjective safety. In this research, it is possible that the CPTED theory plays an important role with respect to the relation between the physical characteristics and the level of neighborhood safety. To insert the CPTED theory, more data should be collected, not only on neighborhood level but also on individual level. Also this point can be very interesting to investigate further if more data is available.

With respect to the percentage of the Dutch native citizens, it is recommended to divide the non-Western immigrants in sub- groups to see whether the percentage of Dutch native citizens influence the neighborhood safety. Some cultures are more integrated in the Dutch culture than other cultures, which can influence some conclusions that are drawn in this thesis. To check if there are differences within different cultures, further research and more data is needed.

In this chapter, several discussion points and recommendations are presented. Of course, it is not possible to conduct all those points for further research because not all data is available. This thesis started with the presentation of different theories of neighborhood safety that led to the presentation of 21 hypotheses that are tested with the use of different partial regression analyses. The conclusion gave an answer on the research question that was formulated in the previous chapter and this chapter will end this research with the presentation of discussion points and recommendations. I hope this thesis will give important input for further research and for policy makers. I hope that you, as a reader, liked my research and the presentation of the results.

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References

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Marzbali, M.H., Abdullah, A., Razak, N.A. & Tilaki, M.J.M. (2012). The relationship between socio-economic characteristics, victimization and CPTED principles: evidence from the MIMC model. Crime, law and social change, 58, 351-371

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Databases:

Wijkscans of the different municipalities

Veiligheidsmonitor of the different municipalities CBS Statline

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Attachment 2: Measurement of objective safety

In this thesis, the level of objective safety and the level of nuisance are measured with the use of different police report. In this attachment, an overview is given of the criminal activities and nuisance behaviors that are taken into account in this thesis are presented.

Crime activities Nuisance activities

Burglary Drug nuisance

Car burglary Alcohol nuisance

Car theft (also trucks) Nuisance of audio/voice/hospitality

Motor/scooter theft Weapon nuisance

Bike theft Traffic nuisance

Burglary in companies Nuisance of persons/crazy persons/insane persons

Burglary in school buildings Noise from neighbors

Burglary in sports buildings Environment nuisance

Burglary in garage/gazebo Dog shit/garbage

Pick pocketing Youth nuisance

Other property crimes Sexual assault

Rape

Incest/fornication/desecration Violence against persons Threat against persons Maltreatment

Mugging Raid

Impair on public order

Destruction cars/houses/other properties Other material damage

Drug trafficking Fraud

Offenses against environment Possession of weapons