Chapter 5: Discussion and conclusions
5.7 Recommendations for further study
A multi-disciplinary approach should be adopted when researching soil quality.
The interviewed farmers specifically stated that they required more information on some subjects. These were: soil nutrient balancing; soil biological life; strategies to stimulate soil microbial activity; optimum growth time period for specific green manures; economic responses to green manuring; and the supply of silicon to sugarcane plants. They also requested information specifically related to organic fertilisers in terms of nutrient content, nutrient availability and their impact on the Eldana
saccharina Walker borer.
More research needs to be conducted on soil biological properties and the impact they have on soil quality. By approaching soil quality from an Agro-ecological or Conservation Agriculture perspective it is hoped more attention will be focused on the environment and soil biological properties.
The interviewed farmers believed they had insufficient knowledge on best practices they should adopt to improve soil quality. Proposed practices should be practical and must consider the constraints farmers face. The farmers requested more information on the financial consequences of some of the
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practices. They require this information to conduct cost-benefit analyses on their farms, particularly with practices requiring additional capital investments. While it is accepted that all the benefits cannot be directly accounted for financially, research needs to be conducted to provide knowledge on benefits that can be evaluated.More research needs to be conducted on synergistic, complementary combinations of farming practices and whether these will provide greater soil quality improvements than ad hoc implementation of individual practices.The benefits of each possible farming practice needs to be highlighted. Long-term trials need to be implemented. Some practices will require a conversion time period for the soil to adjust and for the ecosystem to recover.
Farmers requested more practical soil health indicators they can use on-farm. Practical biological on- farm soil health indicators are required. None of the interviewed farmers stated that they used any biological soil property indicators. A practical calibrated laboratory soil health test needs to be developed together with suggested remedial on-farm practices to improve soil quality.
This study was exploratory in nature. The intention was to identify and propose relevant practices and trends. The proposed practices need to be substantiated with field trials. These will be invaluable in terms of building on the knowledge of strategies to improve soil quality in the sugarcane industry.
109
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