5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.3. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK
The topic of anchorage of FRCM composites has not been extensively reported in the available literature. This thesis work provided an introductory study of the effect of an end-anchorage system on the bond behavior of steel-FRCM composites, but there are still many aspects of the topic that need to be investigated before drawing conclusions.
Accordingly, the following are recommendations for future work:
1. For specimens tested in this study, only two bonded lengths were
investigated. Further investigation is necessary to determine at what point the presence of an end-anchor effects the performance of the composite.
2. The angle at which the anchor was drilled into the concrete prism was not considered as a variable of this study. Future studies should investigate the
effect of the angle of inclination of the anchor, including an anchor that is oriented parallel to (i.e. in line with) the longitudinal axis of the composite.
3. Investigation should be conducted to determine the effect of fiber type for anchorage of FRCM composites. This study investigated steel-FRCM composites, so future work should include steel fibers of varying density, as well as PBO, carbon, glass, or basalt FRCM composites.
4. Future studies should investigate an alternate method of measuring the strain profiles along the bonded length of the composite for steel-FRCM specimens. Gauges could not be directly attached to the steel cords (like for PBO-FRCM specimens), but the application of a small epoxy bonding patch proved to interfere with the bond between the steel fiber and internal matrix layer for relatively small bonded lengths.
5. This study investigated an end-anchorage system, but future studies should also attempt to anchor the composite at points along the bonded length.
The results of this study demonstrate that for long bonded lengths, the anchor does not activate at the initial load application. Anchorage at points closer to the loaded end may change this phenomenon.
6. Finally, future studies should also focus on the bond behavior of
unanchored steel-FRCM composites. A more complete understanding of the bond-slip relationship will help in refining design equations for future use. The strain analysis presented in Section 4.5 provided the bond-slip
model for only a limited number of specimens. In order to more
accurately refine this model and determine the effective bond length of steel-FRCM composites, additional tests should be conducted in a similar manner to the procedure outlined in this thesis.
APPENDIX A.
INDIVIDUAL APPLIED LOAD-GLOBAL SLIP RESPONSE CURVES
Figure A.1. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_330_50_C_1
Figure A.2. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_330_50_C_2 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Applied Load, P(kN)
Global Slip, g (mm)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Applied Load, P(kN)
Global Slip, g (mm)
Figure A. 3. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_330_50_C_3
Figure A.4. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_330_50_C_4 0
Figure A.5. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_330_50_C_5
Figure A.6. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_100_50_C_1 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Applied Load, P(kN)
Global Slip, g (mm)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Applied Load, P(kN)
Global Slip, g (mm)
Figure A.7. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_100_50_C_2
Figure A.8. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_330_50_E_1 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Applied Load,P (kN)
Global Slip, g (mm)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Applied Load, P(kN)
Global Slip, g (mm)
Figure A.9. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_330_50_E_2
Figure A.10. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_330_50_E_3 0
Figure A.11. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_330_50_E_4
Figure A.12. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_330_50_E_5 0
Figure A.13. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_100_50_E_1
Figure A.14. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_100_50_E_2 0
Figure A.15. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_330_50_M_1
Figure A.16. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_330_50_M_2 0
Figure A.17. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_330_50_M_3
Figure A.18. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_330_50_M_4 0
Figure A.19. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_330_50_M_5
Figure A.20. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_100_50_M_1 0
Figure A.21. Applied load-global slip response for specimen DS_100_50_M_2 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Applied Load, P(kN)
Global Slip, g (mm)
APPENDIX B.
LVDT READINGS
Figure B.1. LVDT response for specimen DS_330_50_C_1
Figure B.1. LVDT response for specimen DS_330_50_C_2 0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Global Slip, g(mm)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Global Slip, g (mm)
Virtual Time, t
LVDT 1 LVDT 2
LVDT Average
Figure B.3. LVDT response for specimen DS_330_50_C_3
Figure B.4. LVDT response for specimen DS_330_50_C_4 0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Global Slip, g(mm)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Global Slip, g(mm)
Virtual Time, t
LVDT 1 LVDT 2
LVDT Average
Figure B.5. LVDT response for specimen DS_330_50_C_5
Figure B.6. LVDT Response for specimen DS_330_50_C_6S 0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Global Slip, g(mm)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Global Slip, g(mm)
Virtual Time, t
LVDT 1 LVDT 2
LVDT Average
Figure B.7. LVDT response for specimen DS_330_50_C_7S
Figure B.8. LVDT response for specimen DS_100_50_C_1 0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Global Slip, g (mm)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Global Slip, g(mm)
Virtual Time, t
LVDT 1 LVDT 2
LVDT Average
Figure B.9. LVDT response for specimen DS_100_50_C_2
Figure B.10. LVDT response for specimen DS_100_50_C_3S 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Global Slip, g(mm)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Global Slip, g(mm)
Virtual Time, t LVDT 1
LVDT 2
LVDT Average
Figure B.11. LVDT response for specimen DS_100_50_C_4S
Figure B.12. LVDT response for specimen DS_330_50_E_1 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Global Slip, g (mm)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Global Slip, g(mm)
Virtual Time, t
LVDT 1 LVDT 2
Figure B.13. LVDT Response for specimen DS_330_50_E_2
Figure B.14. LVDT Response for specimen DS_330_50_E_3 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Global Slip, g(mm)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Global Slip, g(mm)
Virtual Time, t
LVDT 1 LVDT 2
LVDT Average
Figure B.15. LVDT response for specimen DS_330_50_E_4
Figure B.16. LVDT response for specimen DS_330_50_E_5 0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Global Slip, g(mm)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Global Slip, g(mm)
Virtual Time, t
LVDT 1 LVDT 2
LVDT Average
Figure B.17. LVDT response for specimen DS_330_50_E_6S
Figure B.18. LVDT response for specimen DS_330_50_E_7S 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Global Slip, g (mm)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Global Slip, g(mm)
Virtual Time, t
LVDT 1 LVDT 2
LVDT Average
Figure B.19. LVDT response for specimen DS_100_50_E_1
Figure B.20. LVDT response for specimen DS_100_50_E_2 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Global Slip, g(mm)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Global Slip, g(mm)
Virtual Time, t
LVDT 1 LVDT 2
LVDT Average