Central Referral Mechanism
Chapter 7: Conclusions and recommendations 7.1 Conclusions
7.3. Implications for policy
7.4.4. Reliable outcome variable
A.2.1 Real Access Criteria
Real Access Criteria
Criteria N arne Questions Associated with Criteria
Is technology available and physically accessible Physical access to the people and organisations?
to technology What technology is available?
What factors affect physical access to technology in general?
What factors affect physical access to technology in project context/policy context?
What can be done to ensure technology is available and physically accessible to people?
Is the technology appropriate to the local needs Appropriateness and conditions of the community?
of technology How do people need and want to put the technology to use?
What can the project do to ensure the technology is appropriate to the local needs and conditions of the community?
Can we modify technologies that work well in developed countries to be more suitable for developing countries?
Have all the existing technology options been assessed and has the most appropriate solution been selected?
Are the technologies and services affordable Affordability for local people to obtain, access or use?
of technology What does 'affordable' mean in context of project?
Are measures being taken for long term sustainability?
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Real Access Criteria
Criteria Name Questions Associated with Criteria Do people have training and skills necessary Human capacity to use the technology effectively?
and training Do they understand how to use the technology?
Can they see the benefits of using the technology?
Does the project provide training on how to use the technology?
Are there locally relevant content applications and Locally relevant services enabled by technology that people can access?
content, applications Is content provided in local languages relevant to and services the target community?
Is technology use an additional burden to the Integration into lives and work of people involved?
daily routines How can the technology be adapted to fit into peoples daily routines?
Are people limited in their use of technology
Sodo-cultural factors because of their gender, race, disability, age or other sodo-cultural factors?
What other sodo-cultural factors affect the project?
Do people have confidence in technology use?
Do they understand the implications of the technologies Trust in technology they use?
How do the target users feel about privacy, security and crime as related to technology use?
How can the project overcome these issues?
What is the condition of the local economic Local economic environment?
environment What impact will the project have on the local economy?
Can the local economy sustain the technology use?
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Real Access Criteria
Criteria N arne Questions Associated with Criteria Does the macro-economic environment Macro-economic in the country affect the technology use?
environment How do policy issues like deregulation, taxation, trade, investment or labour affect the use of the technology in the project?
Do the country's laws and regulations Legal and regulatory affect the use of technology and how?
environment Does the legal and regulatory framework promote or hinder technology use?
What can the project do to help ensure that laws
and regulations promote, and do not hinder, technology use?
Do people support the use of technology in their Political will community?
and public support Does the government have the will to drive change to promote technology use?
How can the project help to stir up political will and public support?
Table 7: This table illustrates the type of questions associ-ated with each Real Access criterion in the Real Access/Real Impact framework. (All questions extracted from [23].)
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A.2.2 8 Habits of Highly Effective leT-Enabled Development Initiatives
8 Habits of Highly Effective leT Initiatives Habit Name Questions Associated with Habit
What kind of homework can be done to gain Do some homework, conduct needs a full understanding of the lessons learned by
assessment previous efforts of this kind?
What kind of assessment will paint a picture of the needs of the community or target group?
Is the initiative looking at concrete needs of people and target community?
Is the initiative built around the real needs of an identified group?
What does 'best practice' mean for this Implement and disseminate particular initiative?
best practice Does the initiative draw on best practice in the field?
What concrete steps have been taken to build on best practice ?
What can this initiative do to contribute to best practice in the field?
Does this initiative share experiences and lessons learned to contribute to body of knowledge in the field?
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8 Habits of Highly Effective leT Initiatives Habit Name Questions Associated with Habit
What can project do to ensure local buy-in for Ensure ownership, local buy-in, the project or policy?
find a champion What are the characteristics for an appropriate local champion?
Has local champion been identified and engaged?
Does initiative connect effectively with community that it serves?
Do local participants feel a sense of ownership?
Were local participants involved in project planning?
What are the concrete and realistic goals Set concrete goals and take small for the project?
achievable steps Does the project set concrete and realistic goals for the ICT use?
Does the initiative have a structured methodology based on small achievable steps?
Does the initiative evaluate its efforts,
Critically evaluate efforts, see what is working and what is not and learn report back, adapt as needed from its mistakes?
Does it adapt its methodologies as appropriate?
Does it report back to the community it serves as well as funders and supported to explain how and what it is doing to help the community?
What are the key external challenges that could Address key external challenges affect ICT use?
Does the initiative identify and understand external challenges that it faces?
Does the ICT initiative take practical, proactive steps to overcome obstacles?
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8 Habits of Highly Effective leT Initiatives Habit Name Questions Associated with Habit
What is needed to make the ICT initiative Make it sustainable sustainable?
Does the initiative work to make its efforts economically and socially sustainable over short and long term?
Does the project involve groups that are Involve groups that are traditionally excluded because of social or traditionally excluded cultural reasons?
Table 8: This table illustrates the type of questions associ-ated with each habit of the 8 habits of highly effective ICT-enabled development initiatives. The 8 habits are part of the Real Access/Real Impact framework. (All questions ex-tracted from [23].)
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