Charles Flynn Generator
THE ONLY REMAINING MOST LIKELY POSSIBLE CONFIGURATION WILL BE LIKE THIS:
Picture 70
This is straightforward. First we have reached the point where we can say with certainty that Steven is using a tapped median point on the left pole, therefore, regardless of the direction of the current in or out of these median points, he will have created 4 magnetic poles (at the front, back, left and right of the TPU).
How are the poles really oriented? How are the magnets oriented? How is he firing the coils? Let's study possible answers to these questions:
Steven says that his devices produces only DC. That to me seems pretty logical. Why? Well… because of the magnets which he places on the top slots of the TPU:
Picture 71 Picture 72
He is using two magnets one on the right hand pole and one on the left hand pole (conventional naming from the camera point of view, and from the wires that come out of the TPU).
If you are going to use permanent magnets, oriented like this, (with either south or North Pole upwards or downwards), you must excite these coils ONLY WITH PULSED DIRECT CURRENT! It's the only way it will work! You can't use alternating current, or alternating square wave, or anything like that, because one half of the sine-wave of your signal
will be helped by the magnet, while the other half of the sine-wave will be disrupted. Pulsed Direct Current is the only logical way!
So then, we definitely know he is pulsing the coils with DC…BUT HOW? Well…Here my research stumbled a bit. The most likely configurations are as follows:
Picture 73
This would imply that we start from the left pole as the positive lead, but we will end up with 2 separate ground connections which must be connected together to form one ground. Why? Well... you could have separate grounds in any device, but in this one it's unlikely. I mean, think about it, that will imply that you would have two have different coil control circuits, and, as I have stated, that means that you will have to drive them sequentially, because if you drive them, excite them or power them, together (both at the same time) there is no point in having them separated. So if he is driving them sequentially, which is most likely, he would have use one ground and two positive leads not the other way around, so that he will use one control circuit with two switching transistors.
Again, having two separate grounds will imply that he must have two control circuits or different excitation for each ground, that means that the device gets a little more complicated, and this complexity is not supported by what we see in the videos. Complicated how? Again you might wonder. Well…let's think this through. Two separate grounds that don't go to Earth (real ground/dirt) in such a small device, must be very well insulated from each other. One power source draining towards two separate grounds. These grounds not only they require proper insulation due to nominal operating voltage of the device, but they must be very well "grounded" meaning that they must provide a very good
"antenna" or a way to dissipate or drain the electron flow that will come from the positive lead. You could connect them to something that drains the electrons, let's say the core (metallic disks), but then where do you connect the second ground in a symmetrical fashion? But again, you might be thinking that he doesn't dissipates the electron flow towards these grounds, that he is creating a feedback loop, returning what he separated in to two grounds back to the same source that he started with. My reply is that it's possible, but unlikely. Now the device has become more complex and has a totally different "exotic" operation principle than the one that I'm describing. If he has two grounds, and if he is using an asymmetrical operation, then why is he using a symmetrical construction?
Therefore our final, and only possibility will look like this:
Picture 74
This could be one very possible configuration for a working model, but it still has a long way to go. I intentionally did not mention an obvious construction detail until now, indicating the reason why he build it in the way that he did.
If you haven't yet figure it out by now, let's think about this topology for a second. We know from the Tesla transformer that it is extremely inefficient due to the fact that more than 80% of the field created by the primary coils is situated outside of the core, and can't be tapped, (although there are some implementations which use a rotor, inside the Tesla Transformer). So how can we close all the magnetic field lines, to increase its efficiency?
That is the correct and right question! The answer was found by Steven Mark with his clever and ingenious design:
Picture 75
You probably think that I've made a mistake and that the front pole in fact has no core. That's true, there is a junction box there, but again, you get the picture.
You might think that the top core disk is just for design. If so, then …you are so wrong… it's actually what makes this design unique!! It's what makes it work! It's the key to magnetic containment! It's how Steven Mark figured out how to return the opposing magnetic flux lines in the Tesla transformer through another one on top! The top disk provides the return path for the opposing magnetic fields created by the coils! And this return flux from the coils goes exactly THROUGH the TPU magnets of the left and right poles.
Picture 76
If you don't believe that the above picture is correct, then, first you must realize that everything up to now has been pure, sane, healthy, rational, fine deduction. NOTHING SPECULATIVE! NO GUESSING! NOTHING LIKE THAT!
Read again, how I come to this conclusion from the deductions I made until now. Then to prove me wrong you must first prove that the above statements I made above are wrong. But hey, if you know a better way, why don't you write it down, and share it?
With this configuration we can proudly say:
Outside magnetic field? In theory? 0!
Efficiency? In theory? 100% energy conversion.
So let's theorize a little bit now. If this configuration can have a core with a high permeability, then a primary winding and a secondary winding that generate such a field (four closed magnetic circuits), would have in theory above 98%
efficiency. You might say that's ridiculous high and I'm forgetting about iron loses. No I'm not. Regarding this, iron loses are energy loses due to hysteresis magnetization and demagnetization of a ferrous metal. Right, but you have to remember that we are only working in the first quadrant of the hysteresis cycle!
Picture 77
That means that we are not demagnetizing the core! The core is in fact reaching magnetic saturation! (It is not fully saturated). It is always magnetized in one direction! (Comment on 02.12.2011: I’m wrong here. Although many TPU researchers believe this to be so, I no longer consider this to be a valid working principle. The input of the TPU is pulsed short square wave, below 10% duty cycle (a.k.a kicks), the output is sinewave, rectified and filtered. This is a fact. Read further and you will be convinced.)
That is another reason why we must place the magnets carefully always in one way. We shouldn't reverse them during experiments, because due to the high magnetic flux density, the retentivity of the core will be at a high state. So if we change the direction, we have to spend extra energy to "reset" (reverse) it. That is in theory anyway.
Now here's another theory, what if we can provide an already existing magnetic field, in the same configuration and direction as the flux generated by the coils, so that we can raise above 100% efficiency? Wouldn't that be
something?
.
Anyway, I have come to believe that the reason Steven Mark is using permanent magnets might be the same thing as Charles Flynn does in his Solid-State Electric Generator:
Picture 78
This is another transformer, but which has a magnet in the middle. What's the point? The point is to manipulate the opposing flux fields generated by the coils with these magnets, to "reinforce" the field created by them, and to spend a little less energy in creating a magnetic field once you have one already from the permanent magnet. The Charles Flynn generator works in a different manner, but Steven Mark’s TPU is using magnets for the same reason.