79 second the cranial, in the third training session engaged was the
Diagram 3: Representation of fatty tissue with both groups in the initial, control and
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DISCUSSION
Considering all the obtained results, it can be said with certainty that the applied model of recreational exercising has shown to be efficient in the regard of the correction of the constitution, and the reduction of body mass and fatty tissue with young women. Exercises based on aerobic sources dominated in the experimental program. Considering that the applied loads, especially in time-related cardio- programs, ranged within the zones of a low and medium intensity, it was logical to expect the engaging of fats (lipolysis) as a dominant energy source. This is indicated by classical textbook information (Perić, 2003; Ostojić, 2007), as well as experimental papers which include respondents of similar characteristics (Donnelly, Hill and Jacobsen, 2003; Marcus, Jakičić and Gallaghek, 2003).
The progress which was noted after two months of the program’s application, an almost complete correction of the body constitution after a 4-month application, is certain proof that the applied volume and intensity was enough to incur positive changes of the body constitution, that is, to raise the parameters of the body constitution to normal or acceptable values according to the ones prescribed by the World Health Organization. In comparison with earlier papers and research which encompassed the same or a similar problematic (Anderson and associates 1999; Coyle, 2000; Gallagher, 2000; Đorđević, 2005) this study showed a high concurrence with the earlier results.
It is interesting that the rate of reducing fatty tissue, the implicit body mass and BMI, was not consistent during the entire experimental period. A statistically significant quicker loss of fatty tissue followed in the second half of the experiment, that is, after only two months. This manifestation can be explained by training effects realized during the first half of the experimental period. It is realistic to presume, namely, that in the first eight weeks there was an adaptation of the respondents to effort followed by an increase of aerobic abilities and an increase of the aerobic threshold. In this way, the respondents in the last two months were able to start to use fats earlier as the basic energy fuel during the same work intensity. This leads to the conclusion that every program directed at the reduction of body mass, especially in the case of untrained individuals, should be preceded by a certain preparation period, that is, a period of functional adaptation. It seems that eight weeks is a sufficient period for enlarging the enzymes significant for the calatization of aerobic processes (primarily lypolysis).
Veljović, D.: The impact of a specific model of recreational exercising...
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CONCLUSION
An experiment was carried out with parallel groups on a sample of 30 young women aged 20 to 25, who were exposed to a specific aerobic training model during four months, with the aim to determine the effects of exercising in relation to changes in body composition, body mass and the amount of fatty tissue. Prior to the experiment, the sample was divided into two homogeneous groups with different levels of physical work abilities. The variables of the body constitution were followed in three time periods (initial, transitive and final measuring). Based on the obtained results, it is possible to conclude the following:
All the respondents at the beginning of the experiment had an excess of fatty tissue and values of the body constitution index which significantly exceeded normal values.
The experimental treatment brought positive changes in all the indicators of body constitution, that is, a reduction of body mass, the BMI and fatty tissue.
The groups among themselves did not statistically significantly differ in the transitive and final measurements, which showed that a different initial level of physical work abilities was not the decisive factor for the volume and rate of the occurring changes.
A quicker loss of fatty tissue ensued in the second half of the experiment, that is, after two months. This is explained by the development of aerobic powers and the ability of the respondents in the later stages of the experiment to more efficiently use fats as the basic source of energy for muscle work.
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