Chapter 3 ‐ Developing the Preliminary Research Model
3.6 Strengths and weaknesses analysis to determine the required attributes of the VfM/BV Model
3.6.2 Required attributes of a VfM/BV Model
identified gaps. Additionally, it also considered the VfM questions that needed to be addressed at each stage of the project lifecycle if VfM/BV is to be achieved in an alliance project.
3.6.2 Required attributes of a VfM/BV Model
Further to the analysis as reported in Table 3.3, it was considered that a number of issues needed to be addressed in a VfM/BV model and that this demanded particular requirements of the model. To capture these requirements a specification was developed which described the issues that needed to be addressed by the model. This specification is described in Table 3.4 below and includes a
description of;
the objective of the model,
the boundaries of applicability of the model,
the target audience of the model,
the benefits of an alliance that needed to be captured by the model,
other dimensions of VfM that the model was required to address,
required attributes of the model;
other benefits anticipated from the development of the model.
In summary, the research question to be addressed by the proposed research was ‘What is the optimum configuration of a model that will assist all participants in a project alliance to both ensure and demonstrate the achievement of VfM or best value’?
Table 3.3 Review of the current status of VfM in project alliance procurement using a GatewayTM Review Process framework
Issue/Question
Business Case Development (
GatewayTM Reviews 0 and 1)
Selection of Procurement Strategy (GatewayTM Review 2, Construction GatewayTM Review 3, Investment decision) and GatewayTM Review 4 (Construction Decision (GatewayTM Review 5) (Construction Gates 4&5)
Currently at this stage, What is well done?
Recognition that this needs to be addressed
Increased use of processes such as GatewayTM
Increasing trend to consider alternative procurement models (i.e. other than traditional, D&C and BOOT)
Some standard models have emerged which results in the industry being able to respond rapidly to EOI requests
In Australia a well developed procedure has been established for the selection of alliance teams
Overall cost of tendering less than other methods such as D&C or BOOT.
Involves Owner, constructor and often Operator to produce optimum result
Procedures for the management of the design process are generally improving
Alliances embrace the process of risk and
Accuracy of scope definition is typically poor.
Consequent accuracy of estimates is poor and this reduces confidence in the process.
Prioritisation and selection of options not well addressed.
Rarely based on a truly rational process
In the present buoyant market, often based on the need for early delivery
Still an overemphasis on price rather than value
Timeframe for considered responses Is often realistically short
Selection criteria weightings are often not well addressed
Can simply be a 'beauty parade'
Supplies have learnt how to manipulate the established process
Enormous amount of senior management time is tied up during the selection process
Can lead to estimate being too
conservative
Quality of auditing processes very variable
Completion of DD process should
Formal completion or close out reviews are not often undertaken
No commonly established methodology applies to all alliances
What are the gaps in the literature
Established process for business case development (GatewayTM possibly the exception here)
Established process for procurement, selection are not well documented
Advantages of relationship based
Little quantitative or qualitative research to establish how effective EOI processes are
The issue of the
significance of the TOC is not well addressed in the literature.
There is some discussion regarding
Not sure whether this addressed at all in the literature.
Reporting of success and failures of alliance is largely anecdotal with little quantitative analysis
Development (GatewayTM Reviews 0 and 1)
Selection of Procurement Strategy ( GatewayTM Review 2, Construction GatewayTM Review 3, Investment decision) and GatewayTM 4
(Construction Decision ( GatewayTM Review 5) (Construction Gates 4&5)
What are the value for money questions at each stage?
Is this the best project to address the perceived need?
Is the Owners budget rigorous and based on a realistic risk analysis i.e. Monte carol simulation?
Does the Owner have the
capability/leadership to deliver the project?
Does the Owner understand the scope
Have the critical success factors and benefits been agreed with the key stakeholders?
Has there been any independent advisor been involved in the development of the business case?
Have all possible procurement options been considered?
Is the selected procurement strategy legal, robust, appropriate and understood by the potential suppliers?
Does the Owner have adequate financial controls, funding and resourcing?
Does the EOI adequately describe what the objectives of the project are including the approach to VfM?
Is the preferred proponent selected on their clear understanding of VfM issues?
Are the Owners and the preferred proponent aligned on VfM strategy and deliverables when the alliance commences?
Have the appropriate KRA's and KPI's been developed to ensure VfM?
Have appropriate measures for
Has the proponent demonstrated a commitment to continuous improvement?
Does the output of the TOC process confirm the original business case assumptions
Will proceeding with alliance be likely to deliver what is needed on time within budget and achieve VfM?
Has the issue of buildability been adequately addressed?
Is the business case still valid and unaffected by internal and external events or changes?
Is there an agreed plan for managing risks during the construction phase?
Is there a process for taking advantage of
Is a post‐ completion review stipulated in the contract documentation?
Are key lessons from the project being used to improve VfM and performance of other projects?
Table 3.4 Specification for a VfM/BV Model for Project Alliances
Specification for a VfM/BV Model for Project Alliances
Objective;
It should be a prescriptive model, adopting a systematic methodology which combines quantitative and qualitative tools to demonstrate, in a structured manner, how VfM in alliances can be addressed, developed and monitored. This model would facilitate, through data capture and compelling evidence how the issue of VfM in alliances can be verified.
Boundaries;
Potential improvements due to an alliance environment.
Design innovation Constructability ‐ reduced construction durations, less re‐work
Knowledge sharing/access to information leading to a reduced number of queries, simpler documentation
Improvement in systems, procedures and protocols
Accelerated decision making
Improved estimates, reliable TOC
Removal of duplication of roles, reduced complexity of organisational structure
Measurement of behavioural aspects
Trust and respect (through understanding of the whole project life cycle)
Enhanced social and environmental benefits
Improved relationships client/community
Innovation related – Need to capture these issues pre and post TOC to demonstrate where savings have come from. If not documented post TOC > leads to suggestion that the TOC was ‘fat’
Better understanding of each other’s perspective
The model also needed to address or accommodate all the dimensions of VfM – ‘best value’ including;
Financial
Increased return for same expenditure (improved IRR)
Improved shareholder outcomes
Fitness for purpose with lowest consumption of resources
Functional facility with improved quality
Industry maturity – Broader benefits to the industry
Enhancement of skills
Knowledge transfer
Value Engineering
Execution strategy analysis
Project Controls
Team selection
Fitness for purpose
Design issues
Quantities measurement
Constructability reviews
Design appropriateness
Technology selection
Design change process
Design for maintainability
This model is required to have the following attributes;
Address the whole project life cycle in detail from business case to execution.
Defines the key stages or gates along the life cycle that would require review of the project.
Provide checklists and a combination of measurement tools for the establishment of VfM at each gate.
Other benefits anticipated;
Standardise alliance life‐cycle definition
Standardise terminology
Provide ability to benchmark future projects
Act as a tool for auditors and independent reviewers of alliances
Potentially remove the inability to measure VfM as an impediment to the further uptake of the alliance model where it is appropriate