DETAILED SYLLABUS
PRE-REQUISITE
Basic concepts and knowledge of Electronics and Electrical Engineering.
1. MEASURING SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS:
Classification of Instruments (Absolute and Secondary; Indicating, Recording and Integrating Instruments, Based Upon principle of operation); Block diagram and description of block of generalized instrument; 3 forces in electromechanical Indicating Instrument (Deflecting, Controlling and Damping forces);
Comparison between gravity and spring controls; comparison of damping methods and their suitability; Bearing supports, Pivot-less support, scale information, Instrument cases (covers).
2. MEASURING INSTRUMENTS: Construction, operating principle, torque equation, shape of scale, use as ammeter or as voltmeter (Extension of ranges), Use on AC / DC or both; Advantages and disadvantages, errors (Both on AC / DC) of PMMC types; Electrodynamics type; Moving Iron Type (Attraction, Repulsion and Combined type);
Hot wire type and Induction type; Electrostatic type instruments; Electrodynamics and Induction type wattmeters; Single phase induction type energy meters; compensation and creep in energy meters.
3. POWER FACTORS & FREQUENCY METERS:
Construction, operation principle torque equation, advantages and disadvantages of single phase power factor meter (Electro dynamic and moving from types); Electrical resonances type, Ferro dynamic and electro dynamic type frequency meter.
4. A.C. BRIDGES: Classification of resistances, resistance – Measurements by Wheat Stone Bridge ,Kelvin’s double bridge method and their limitation General Balance Equation, Circuit Diagram, Phasor Diagram, Advantage and Disadvantages, Application of Maxwell’s Inductance, Inductance – Capacitance, Hay’s, Anderson’s, Owen’s, De-Sauty’s, Schering and Wein’s Bridges, Shielding and Earthing.
5. GENERATION AND ANALYSIS OF WAVEFORMS: Block Diagram of pulse-generator;
Signal generators; Function Generators; Wave analyzer; Distortion Analyzers; Spectrum analyzer;
Harmonic Analyzer; Power Analyzer.
6. ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT: Electronic Voltmeter; Multimeter; Wattmeter; Energy meter;
Time; Frequency and phase measurements using CRO; Spectrum and wave Analyzer; Digital Counter; Frequency meter; storage oscilloscope.
7. INSTRUMENTATION: Transducers; classification and selection of transducers; strain Gauges;
Inductive and Capacitive transducer; Piezo-electric and Hall-Effect transducers; Thermistors and hermo couples; Diode and Photo-transistors; Encoder type digital transducer; Signal
TEXT BOOK
Sawhney, A.K, “Electrical / Electronic Measurement and Instrumentations”, Danpath Rai and Sons, 2003.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Gupta, J.B, “Electrical / Electronic Measurement and Instrumentations”, Kataria & Sons, Year Jan 2007-08
2. Cooper, W. D. & Helfriek, A. D, “Electrical Measurement”, Prentice Hall of India, 1999
3. Doeblin, E. O, ‘’ Measuring System’’, Tata McGraw Hill,2000
4. Golding, E. W, “Electrical Measurement”, Wheeler Publishing, 1999.
L-T-P Cr EL-202 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
MATERIALS 5-0-0 3
OBJECTIVE
Explain the basic concepts regarding the difference in behavior of different materials used in electrical and electronics industry, explaining the various properties of different materials and their application to devices, equipments and systems selection of proper materials for given application.
PRE-REQUISITES
Basic concepts and knowledge of Electronics and Electrical Engineering.
1. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES: Space lattice and crystal structures; determination of Crystal structure by X-ray technique; Imperfections in crystals like point, line and planar defects;
Influence of imperfections on properties of materials; atomic packing, crystal lattice, different type of crystal bands; structure of silicon and germanium; energy bands in solids and one dimensional lattice.
2. CONDUCTIVITY OF METALS: Review of energy bands, drift velocity, relaxation time, collision time and mean free path, mobility, conductivity, factors affecting conductivity of materials; Wiedmann-Franz law; effect of magnetic fields; resistivity of conductors and temperature dependence of resistivity; applications of conducting materials;
superconductivity.
3. DIELECTRIC MATERIALS: Behavior of dielectric materials in static electric field; dipole moments, polarization, dielectric constant, polarizibility, susceptibility, mechanism of polarization, behavior in alternating field, dielectric loss, loss tangent, types of dielectric materials; electrostriction;
piezoelectricity; Quantitative and qualitative discussion of dielectric constants of polyatomic molecules; Internal fields in solids and liquids.
4. MAGNETIC MATERIALS: Review of magnetic field concepts: permeability, magnetic susceptibility, magnetic moment, orbital dipole, angular momentum of simple atomic models;
classification of magnetic materials; spontaneous magnetism; Curie-weiss law; anti ferro magnetic materials; ferromagnetic materials
coersive force; hysterisis and eddy current loss in materials; Optical properties of Si and GaAs 6. SEMICONDUCTORS MATERIALS: Review of Si
and Ge as semiconductor materials; continuity equation; P-N junction, drift and diffusion, diffusion and transition capacitances of P-N junction; carrier densities in n-type and p-type semiconductors; hall effect and carrier density.
7. OPTICAL MATERIALS: Optical properties of metals, insulators and semiconductors;
phosphorescence and fluorescence; excitons, traps and colour centres and their importance;
different phosphors used in CRO screens; liquid crystal as display material; thermography and its applications; photoconductivity and photoconducting materials.
TEXTBOOK
Dekker, “Electrical Engineering Materials”, Prentice Hall of India, 2004
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Raghvan,“Electrical Engineering Material”, 1992 2. Seth, S.P. and Gupta, P.V, “Electrical Engineering
Materials” , Dhanpat Rai , 1999.
3. Raghuan, V, “Elements of Material Science and Engg.”, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2000.
4. Seth, SP, “A Course in Engg. Material”, 3rd Edition, Dhanpat Rai, 2008
5. Pierret, Robert, “Semiconductor Device Fundamentals”, Pearson Education, 2006
L-T-P Cr EL-203 NETWORK ANALYSIS &
SYNTHESIS 5-1-0 4
OBJECTIVE
Explain the basic theorems applied on ac circuits and the transient behaviour of various circuits, Network functions and synthesis along with various filters and their characteristics.
PRE-REQUISITES
Basic concepts of electrical engg.
1. NETWORK THEOREMS (AC Ckts): Tellegen’s, superposition, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Maximum Power Transfer Theorem; Nodal Analysis; Mesh Analysis; Concept of Supernode and Supermesh.
2. TRANSIENT RESPONSE: Transient Response of RC, RL, RLC Circuits to various excitation signals such as step, ramp, impulse and sinusoidal excitations using Laplace transform.
3. NETWORK FUNCTIONS: Terminal pairs or ports;
Network functions for one-port and two-port networks; poles and zeros of Network functions;
Restrictions on pole and zero locations for driving point functions and transfer functions; Time domain behavior from the pole-zero plot.
4. TWO PORT NETWORKS: Relationship of two-port variables; short-circuit Admittance parameters;
open circuit impedance parameters; Transmission parameters; hybrid parameters; relationships between parameter sets; Inter-connection of two
6. FILTERS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS: Filter fundamentals; high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, and band-reject filters.
7. NETWORK SYNTHESIS: Positive real functions;
synthesis of one port and two port networks;
elementary ideas of active networks.
TEXT BOOK
Kuo, F.F, “Network Analysis and Synthesis”, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2001.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Kuh, Dasoer,“Basic circuit theory”,Tata McGraw Hill, 2001.
2. Soni &Gupta,“A Course in Electrical Circuit Analysis”,Dhanpat Rai Publication, 2008.
3. Mithal, G.K, “Circuit Analysis”, Khanna Publication, 2002.
4. Choudhury, D.Roy, “Networks and Systems”, New Age International, 1998.
5. Valkenburg,Van,“Introduction to Modern Network Synthesis”, John Wiley, 1997.
L-T-P Cr EL-204 ANALOG ELECTRONICS & AE
CIRCUITS 5-1-0 4
OBJECTIVE
Providing a basic knowledge and understanding of the fundamental concepts of Analog Electronics and AE Circuits, explaining various basic laws governing the circuit configurations and evaluation and its applications to electrical circuits of various electronics systems.
PRE-REQUISITE
Knowledge of Basic Electronics Engineering and Electrical Technology.
1. TRANSISTOR BIASING AND WORKING AT LOW FREQUENCIES: Bipolar junction transistor construction and types; three modes of configuration in a BJT; concept of biasing , Need of biasing, collector to base bias, self bias, emitter bias, Need of bias compensation, thermistor and sensistor compensation; hybrid model of transistor;
calculation of h parameters in three modes of configuration.
2. TRANSISTOR AT HIGH FREQUENCIES: Hybrid pi model; CE short circuit current gain; frequency response; cut off frequency; gain band width product.
3. FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR: JFET; MOSFET, types of MOSFET – enhancement and Depletion mode, V MOSFET; Biasing of FET; application of FET as a voltage variable resistor (VVR).
4. POWER AMPLIFIERS AND FEEDBACK:
Amplifier, classification of amplifier, distortion in amplifiers, R – C coupled amplifiers; low frequency response of R – C coupled Amplifier; cascade of Amplifiers, Class A, Class B and Class C Amplifier;
push pull amplifier; Feed back concept in an amplifier and negative feedback in amplifiers;
current series feedback, current shunt feedback, voltage shunt feedback.
amplifier; transfer characteristics of differential amplifier; offset error of voltage and current;
common mode rejection ratio (CMRR).
6. LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR APPLICATIONS OF OP-AMP: Scale changer; phase shifter; adder;
voltage to current converter; current to voltage converter; DC Voltage follower; Bridge amplifier;
AC coupled amplifier and AC voltage follower;
Integrator; comparators; logarithmic amplifier; anti-log amplifier; waveform generator and sweep generator multivibrators.
7. PHASE LOCKED LOOP AND IC TIMER 555:
Operating principle and operation of PLL; IC timer 555; Applications of PLL and IC timer 555.
TEXT BOOK
Boylestad, Robert and Nashelsky, Louis, “Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory”, Prentice Hall of India, 1996.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Mehta, V. K., “Principles of Electronics”, S. Chand and Co.,1996
2. Schilling, Donald L & Belove, Charles, “Electronic Circuits”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2000
3. Galkwad, “Operational Amplifiers”,1993.
4. Sedra, Adel S. and Kenneth, Smith C,
“Microelectronic Circuits Engineering”, 1997.
5. Milliman & Halkias, “Integrated Electronics”, Tata McGraw Hill,1998.
L-T-P Cr EL-205 POWER PLANT
ENGINEERING 5-0-0 3
OBJECTIVE
Providing the knowledge to the students about various types of conventional and non-conventional electrical power plants and explain the concepts regarding their layout and their operations at different load conditions and also the economically considerations in electrical power generation.
PRE-REQUISITES
Knowledge and concepts of Electrical Technology 1. INTRODUCTION: Energy sources, their availability
electrical energy demand and growth in India;
general state of the energy system; global Energy scenario.
2. POWER PLANT ECONOMICS: Types of load;
chronological load curves; load duration curve;
mass curve; max. Demand; demand factor; load factor; capacity factor; utilization factor; diversity factors; base load and peak load power plants;
Capital cost of plants; annual fixed and operating costs of plants; generation cost and depreciation;
effect of load factor on unit energy cost; role of load diversity in power system economics; off peak energy utilization; energy cost reduction.
3. TARIFFS: Objectives of tariffs; general tariff form;
flat demand rate; straight meter rate; block meter rate; two part tariffs; power factor dependant tariffs;
three parts tariffs; spot (time differentiated) pricing.
4. CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES: Selection
working of thermal, hydro electric, nuclear power, diesel power and gas turbine power plant.
5. NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES:
Study of wind, solar, tidal, geo-thermal bio-gas sources of energy, fuel cell, magneto hydro dynamic generation system; power crisis; future energy demand; role of private sector in energy management.
6. POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT: Causes and effect of low power factor; advantages of power factor improvement; PF improvement using shunt capacitors and synchronous condensers;
calculation of most economic pf when (a) kw demand is constant (b) KVA demand is constant.
7. POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROL: Air and water pollution by thermal power plants and its control;
acid rains; thermal pollution by thermal and nuclear power plants; radio-active pollution of environment by nuclear power plants; noise pollution and noise control; methods suggested to reduce the pollution.
TEXT BOOK
Arora, S. C. and Domkundwar, S., “A Course in Power Plant Engineering”, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, 1998.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Stevenson. D., “Elements of Power System Analysis”, Tata McGraw Hill, 1982
2. Deshpandee, “Elements of Power Station Design”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003
3. Wood & Wallenberj, “Power Generation, Operation
& Control”, John Wiley & Sons, 1997
4. Skrotrhi, B. G. A. & Vopat, W. A. “Power Station Engg. & Economy”, Tata Mcgraw Hill, 1998
5. Mitte, Harry C. - “Industrial Energy Mgmt. &
Utilization”, 2000
6. Shirusleey, Francis G., “Energy Conservation through Control”, 2001
7. Rai, G. D., “Power Plant Engg.” , Khanna Publisher, 2004
L-T-P Cr EL-206 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-I
5-1-0 4
OBJECTIVE
Providing sound knowledge about the principles of operation of various electrical machines, their constructional features, and their behavior and characteristics under various condition of operation.
PRE-REQUISITES
Basic of knowledge of Electrical Technology and Circuits.
1. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRO-MECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION: Basic principles, concept and laws of magnetic circuits; energy in single and multiple excited magnetic systems;
basic differential equations of electromechanical energy conversion devices; equations for force and torque in single and multiple excited magnetic systems; reluctance torque.
Breather, cooling methods, buchholz relay; equivalent circuit; phase diagram; per unit representation of parameters; regulation; losses and efficiency;
transformer tests i.e. open circuit, short ckt. and sumpner’s test; separation of iron losses; nature of magnetizing circuit; plotting of B – H curve; inrush current; harmonics; parallel operation of 1 –Φ transformer and load sharing; auto transformer:
Principle; construction; comparison with 2 – winding transformer; application of autotransformer.
3. THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER: Construction of thzree winding transformer; various types of connections; their comparative features; zig-zag connection; phase conversion - 3Φ to 1Φ; 3Φ to 2Φ; 3Φ to 6Φ and 3Φ to 12Φ.
4. SPECIAL TYPE TRANSFORMERS: Tap changing transformer; phase shifting transformer; pulse transformer; isolation transformer; welding transformer; rectifier transformer; high frequency transformer.
5. D.C. GENERATORS: Elementary DC machine;
emf equation; Principle and construction of D. C.
Generator; lap and wave winding; methods of Excitation of D. C. Generators; Armature Reaction;
Commutation in D. C. Machines; Compensating windings; characteristics of D. C. Generators;
Parallel operation of Generators.
6. D. C. MOTORS: Construction, principle and operation of D.C motors; back emf concept; torque equation; power balance equation; Characteristics of different types of DC motors, losses in DC motors, efficiency, testing: Swinburne’s, Hopkinson’s, and retardation test.
7. CONTROL OF DC MOTORS: Necessity of starter;
3 point and 4 point starters. Speed control; flux Control; armature resistance and armature voltage control. Electrical Braking: Methods of electrical braking i.e. dynamic, regenerative and plugging.
TEXT BOOK
Bhimbara, P.S., “Electrical Machinery”, Khanna Publishers, 2000.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Kumar, K. Murguresh, “DC Machines & Transformers”, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 1999
2. Ghosh, Smarajit, “Electrical Machines”, Pearson Publishing, 2005.
3. Bhimbara, P.S., “Generalized Theory of Electric Machines”, Khanna Publishers, 1975
4. Kingsley, Fitzgerald C & Umans, S.D., “Electric Machinery”, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1992.
5. Say, M.G., “Theory, Performance & Design of A.C Machines”, ELBS 1986.
6. Mcpherson George, “Introduction to Electric Machines & Transformers”, John Wiley & Sons, 1980.
L-T-P Cr EL-251
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS MEASUREMENTS & MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS LAB. 0-0-2 1
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. To study the use of LVDT or displacement
3. To calibrate an energy meter with the help of a standard wattmeter and a stop watch.
4. To measure power and p.f. by ammeter and 3-voltmeter method.
5. To measure power and p.f in 3-phase circuit by 2-wattmeter method.
6. To measure capacitance by De Sauty's bridge.
7. To measure inductance by Maxwell's bridge.
8. To measure frequency by Wien's bridge.
9. To measure the power with the help of C.T and P.T.
10. Measurement of distance by capacitive pick-up.
11. Measurement of temperature using thermo-couple.
12. To measure low resistance by Kelvin's double bridge.
13. To measure high resistance by loss of charge method.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Gupta, J.B, “Electrical/Electronic Measurement and Instrumentations”, Kataria & Sons, Year Jan 2007-08 2. Cooper, W. D. & Helfriek, A. D, “Electrical
Measurement”, Prentice Hall of India, 1999 3. Doeblin, E. O, ‘’ Measuring System’’, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2000
L-T-P Cr EL-253 NETWORK ANALYSIS &