RF/IF types

The following is a taxonomy of RF/IF structures

Pg.40

Conceptual RF/IF Types Conceptual RF/IF Types

DAC & ADC

1st IF

RF Channel SelectorChannel SelectorChannel Selector

Channel SelectorChannel SelectorChannel Selector

Baseband Processing

DAC & ADC Channel SelectorChannel SelectorChannel Selector

Channel SelectorChannel SelectorChannel Selector

Baseband Processing

DAC & ADC

RF Channel SelectorChannel SelectorChannel Selector

Channel SelectorChannel SelectorChannel Selector

Baseband Processing

DAC & ADC

1st IF

RF 2nd IF

Channel SelectorChannel SelectorChannel Selector

Channel SelectorChannel SelectorChannel Selector

Baseband

Processing IP/ Network I/F

IP/Network I/F

IP/Network I/F

IP/Network I/F RF

1st IF RF

RF RF 1st IF 2nd IF

T R T R Receive Transmit

RF/IF Type I RF/IF Type I

RF/IF Type II RF/IF Type II

RF/IF

RF/IF TType IIIype III

RF/IF Type IV RF/IF Type IV

R T

Conceptual RF/IF Types Conceptual RF/IF Types

RF 1st IF 2nd IF

DAC & ADC Channel SelectorChannel Selector

DAC & ADC

1st IF

RF Channel SelectorChannel SelectorChannel Selector

Channel SelectorChannel SelectorChannel Selector

Baseband Processing

DAC & ADC Channel SelectorChannel SelectorChannel Selector

Channel SelectorChannel SelectorChannel Selector

Baseband Processing

DAC & ADC

RF Channel SelectorChannel SelectorChannel Selector

Channel SelectorChannel SelectorChannel Selector

Baseband Processing Channel Selector

Channel SelectorChannel SelectorChannel Selector

Baseband

Processing IP/ Network I/F

IP/Network I/F

IP/Network I/F

IP/Network I/F RF

1st IF RF

RF RF 1st IF

Receive Transmit

2nd IF

T R T R

RF/IF Type I RF/IF Type I

RF/IF Type II RF/IF Type II

RF/IF

RF/IF TType IIIype III

RF/IF Type IV RF/IF Type IV

R T

Filter ^LNA

LO1 Rx RF

Filter ^Amp Demodulator

& ADC

Bits Out

Receive

IF1 Baseband

Bits in

DAC &

Modulator

PA

Transmit

RF/IF Type I RF/IF Type I

RF

RF

1st IF

1st IF

2nd IF

2nd IF ^D

AC & ADC

LO2 Rx

Filer

IF2

Filter

RF IF1 IF2 Baseband T

R

Filter

LO1 Tx

LO2 Tx

This implementation employs two stages to frequency translate to the IF frequency input to the demodulator/ADC on the receive side and produce the RF frequency from the IF output of the modulator/DAC on the transmit side.The filters are used to optimize the bandwidth and eliminate unwanted products resulting from the conversion processes. The system

curate and stable Local Oscillators, and the LNA and s tend to limit linearity.

typically requires ac conversion processe

Filter ^LNA

LO1 Rx RF

Filter ^Amp Demodulator

& ADC

Bits Out

Receive

IF1 Baseband

Bits in

DAC &

Modulator

PA

Transmit

RF/IF Type I RF/IF Type I

RF

RF

1st IF

1st IF

2nd IF

2nd IF ^D

AC & ADC

LO2 Rx

Filer

IF2

Filter

RF IF1 IF2 Baseband T

R

Filter

LO1 Tx

LO2 Tx

This implementation employs two stages to frequency translate to the IF frequency input to the demodulator/ADC on the receive side and produce the RF frequency from the IF output of the modulator/DAC on the transmit side.The filters are used to optimize the bandwidth and eliminate unwanted products resulting from the conversion processes. The system

curate and stable Local Oscillators, and the LNA and s tend to limit linearity.

typically requires ac conversion processe

Pg.42

Filter ^Amp Demodulator

& ADC

RF/IF Type II RF/IF Type II

RF

RF IF1 Baseband

R T

LO1 Tx

This implementation employs one stage to frequency translate to the IF frequency input to the demodulator/ADC on the receive side and produces the RF frequency from the IF output of the modulator/DAC on the transmit side.The filters are used to optimize the bandwidth and eliminate unwanted products resulting from the conversion processes. The system typically requires accurate and stable Local Oscillators, and the LNA and conversion processes tend to limit linearity.

5

Filter ^Amp Demodulator

& ADC

RF/IF Type II RF/IF Type II

RF

RF IF1 Baseband

R T

LO1 Tx

This implementation employs one stage to frequency translate to the IF frequency input to the demodulator/ADC on the receive side and produces the RF frequency from the IF output of the modulator/DAC on the transmit side.The filters are used to optimize the bandwidth and eliminate unwanted products resulting from the conversion processes. The system typically requires accurate and stable Local Oscillators, and the LNA and conversion processes tend to limit linearity.

5

Filter ^Amp Demodulator

& ADC

RF/IF Type II RF/IF Type II

RF

RF IF1 Baseband

R T

LO1 Tx

This implementation employs one stage to frequency translate to the IF frequency input to the demodulator/ADC on the receive side and produces the RF frequency from the IF output of the modulator/DAC on the transmit side.The filters are used to optimize the bandwidth and eliminate unwanted products resulting from the conversion processes. The system typically requires accurate and stable Local Oscillators, and the LNA and conversion processes tend to limit linearity.

Bits

Filter ^Amp Demodulator

& ADC

RF/IF Type II RF/IF Type II

RF

RF IF1 Baseband

R T

LO1 Tx

This implementation employs one stage to frequency translate to the IF frequency input to the demodulator/ADC on the receive side and produces the RF frequency from the IF output of the modulator/DAC on the transmit side.The filters are used to optimize the bandwidth and eliminate unwanted products resulting from the conversion processes. The system typically requires accurate and stable Local Oscillators, and the LNA and conversion processes tend to limit linearity.

Filter ^LNA RF

Demodulator/ADC

Bits out

Receive

Baseband

Bits in Modulator/DAC

PA

Transmit

RF/IF Type III RF/IF Type III

RF

RF ^DA

C & ADC

RF Baseband

Filter

R T

In this implementation there is no conversion/IF process. On the receive side the RF signal after filtering and amplification is applied directly to the demodulator/ADC and on the transmit side the modulator/DAC produces the RF signal. The filters are used to optimize the bandwidth and eliminate unwanted products generated by the modulation/DAC process.

The LNA on the receive side tends to limit linearity.

Filter ^LNA

RF

Demodulator/ADC

Bits out

Receive

Baseband

Bits in Modulator/DAC

PA

Transmit

RF/IF Type III RF/IF Type III

RF

RF ^DA

C & ADC

RF Baseband

Filter

R T

In this implementation there is no conversion/IF process. On the receive side the RF signal after filtering and amplification is applied directly to the demodulator/ADC and on the transmit side the modulator/DAC produces the RF signal. The filters are used to optimize the bandwidth and eliminate unwanted products generated by the modulation/DAC process.

The LNA on the receive side tends to limit linearity.

RF

Demodulator ADC

Bits out

Receive

Bits in

PA

Transmit

RF/IF Type IV RF/IF Type IV

RF ^DA

C & ADC

RF Baseband

DAC Modulator

R T

Baseband

In this implementation there is no conversion/IF process. On the receive side the RF signal is converted directly to digital format using an ultra high speed ADC/demodulator to produce the baseband bit stream. On the transmit side the baseband signal is processed by the digital modulator and converted directly to the RF signal using an ultra high speed DAC/modulator.

This implementation is the most advanced type and offers the potential for the ultimate SDR.

Filter RF

Demodulator ADC

Bits out

Receive

Bits in

PA

Transmit

RF/IF Type IV RF/IF Type IV

RF ^DA

C & ADC

RF Baseband

DAC Modulator

R T

Baseband

In this implementation there is no conversion/IF process. On the receive side the RF signal is converted directly to digital format using an ultra high speed ADC/demodulator to produce the baseband bit stream. On the transmit side the baseband signal is processed by the digital modulator and converted directly to the RF signal using an ultra high speed DAC/modulator.

This implementation is the most advanced type and offers the potential for the ultimate SDR.

Filter

Pg.44

RF 1st IF 2nd IF

RF_in

Low Pass

Filter Rec. IF 1

Low Pass

Sin(F_c+VCOR1) +Sin(F_c-VCOR1)

Sin(F_c-VCOR1)

VCOR1

Sin{F_c-VCOR1} +VCOR2} +Sin{F_c-VCOR1}-VCOR2}

=

Sin{Fc-VCOR1}-VCOR2}

=

F_c

IF

Sin{VCOT1+IF_in} + Sin{VCOT1-IF_in}

=

Sin(VCOT1+IF= _in) =

Sin{VCOT2+VCOT1+IF_in} +Sin{VCOT2-{VCOT1+IF_in}

=

Sin{VCOT2+VCOT1+If_in}

=

RF 1st IF 2nd IF

RF_in

Low Pass

Filter Rec. IF 1

Low Pass

Sin(F_c+VCOR1) +Sin(F_c-VCOR1)

Sin(F_c-VCOR1)

VCOR1

Sin{F_c-VCOR1} +VCOR2} +Sin{F_c-VCOR1}-VCOR2}

=

Sin{Fc-VCOR1}-VCOR2}

=

F_c

IF

Sin{VCOT1+IF_in} + Sin{VCOT1-IF_in}

=

Sin(VCOT1+IF= _in) =

Sin{VCOT2+VCOT1+IF_in} +Sin{VCOT2-{VCOT1+IF_in}

=

Sin{VCOT2+VCOT1+If_in}

=

Mixed Conversion Mixed Conversion

Analog and Digital Analog and Digital

Mixed Conversion Mixed Conversion

Analog and Digital Analog and Digital

RF 1st IF analog

RF_in

Analog IF Stage

2nd IF Digital

ADC

Control & Filter Filter Coefficients RF 1st IF analog

RF_in

Analog IF Stage

2nd IF Digital

ADC

Control & Filter Filter Coefficients

Digital vs. Analog Conversion

Analog LO

Digital LO

BP ADC Digital

LPF Analog BPF

& Amp Analog BPF

& Amp

Analog

Mixer Analog LPF

Digital vs. Analog Conversion

Analog LO

Digital LO

BP ADC Digital

LPF Analog BPF

& Amp Analog BPF

& Amp

Analog

Mixer Analog LPF

Pg.46 Channel

Selector

Receive

RF/IF Ty

RF/IF Type pe IVa IVa

RF _D^A

C & ADC

R

T

Filter ADC

Baseband Processor

(DSP) Channel

Selector

Receive

RF/IF Ty

RF/IF Type pe IVa IVa

RF _D^A

C & ADC

R

T

Baseband Processor

(DSP) Filter

ADC

Receive

RF/IF Type RF/IF Type IVa IVa

RF ^DA

C & ADC

R T

Typical ADC Components

AMP

To Channel Selector

Analog

Filter LNA ADC ^Digital

Filter

Receive

RF/IF Type RF/IF Type IVa IVa

RF ^DA

C & ADC

R T

Typical ADC Components

Analog

Filter LNA ADC ^Digital

Filter AMP

To Channel Selector

Receive

Typical ADC Components Digital

Filter LNA ADC ^Digital

Filter

Typical ADC Components AMP

AMP

Filter LNA ADC ^Digital

Filter

Transmit

RF/IF: Analog Multiple Carriers RF/IF: Analog Multiple Carriers

(Multiple

(Multiple PAs PAs) )

RF _DA

RF/IF: Analog Multiple Carriers RF/IF: Analog Multiple Carriers

(Multiple

(Multiple PAs PAs) )

RF _DA

Pg.48

Transmit

RF/IF: Analog Multiple Carriers RF/IF: Analog Multiple Carriers

(Single HPA)

RF/IF: Analog Multiple Carriers RF/IF: Analog Multiple Carriers

(Single HPA)

RF/IF: Digital Multiple Carriers RF/IF: Digital Multiple Carriers

(Multiple

(Multiple PAs PAs) )

RF _D^{AC &}

RF/IF: Digital Multiple Carriers RF/IF: Digital Multiple Carriers

(Multiple

(Multiple PAs PAs) )

RF _D^{AC &}

In document How To Use An Sdr On A Cell Phone Or Ipad (For A Cell) With A Wireless Network (For An Ipad) With An Antenna (For Pb) With The Powerline (For Ipad Or Ipa) With (Page 42-51)