1005.1 General. The exit is that portion of the means of egress system between the exit access and the exit discharge or the public way. Components that may be selectively included in the exit include exterior exit doors, exit enclosures, exit passageways and horizontal exits, in addition to those common means of egress components described in Section 1003.3.
1005.2 Exit Design Requirements. The exit portion of the means of egress system shall comply with the applicable design requirements of this section.
1005.2.1 Separation of exits. Exits shall be separated in accord-ance with the requirements of Section 1004.2.4.
1005.2.2 Travel distance. Travel distance shall not be limited within an exit enclosure or exit passageway, which complies with the applicable requirements of Section 1005.3.
1005.2.3 Travel through intervening rooms. Exits shall not be interrupted by intervening rooms.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Horizontal exits may lead to an exit-access ele-ment complying with the requireele-ments of Section 1004.
2. In office buildings, and Group I, Division 1.1 hospitals and nurs-ing homes, a maximum of 50 percent of the exits may pass through a street-floor lobby, provided the entire street floor is protected with an automatic sprinkler system.
1005.3 Exit Components.
1005.3.1 General. Exit components incorporated into the design of the exit portion of the means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of Section 1005.3.
Once a given level of fire-resistive protection is achieved in an exit component, the fire-resistive time-period of such component shall not be reduced until arrival at the exit discharge or the public way.
EXCEPTION: Horizontal exits may lead to an exit-access element complying with the requirements of Section 1004.
Doors of exit components that open directly to the exterior of a building shall not be located in areas where openings are not per-mitted due to location on property by Table 5-A.
1005.3.2 Exterior exit doors.
1005.3.2.1 General. Exterior exit doors serving as an exit in a means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of
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1005.3.3.7.1.3 1997 UNIFORM BUILDING CODE
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Section 1005.3.2. Buildings or structures used for human occu-pancy shall have at least one exterior exit door that meets the requirements of Section 1003.3.1.3.
1005.3.2.2 Detailed requirements. Exterior exit doors shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section 1003.3.1.
1005.3.2.3 Arrangement. Exterior exit doors shall lead directly to the exit discharge or the public way.
1005.3.3 Exit enclosures.
1005.3.3.1 General. Exit enclosures serving as an exit in a means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of Section 1005.3.3. Exit enclosures shall not be used for any purpose other than as a means of egress.
Interior stairways, ramps or escalators shall be enclosed as spe-cified in this section.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. In other than Groups H and I Occupancies, an exit enclosure need not be provided for a stairway, ramp or escalator serving only one adjacent floor. Any two such atmospherically inter-connected floors shall not communicate with other floors. For enclo-sure of escalators serving Groups B, F, M and S Occupancies, see Sections 304.6, 306.6, 309.6 and 311.6.
2. Stairways in Group R, Division 3 Occupancies and stairways within individual dwelling units in Group R, Division 1 Occupancies need not be enclosed.
3. Stairs in open parking garages, as defined in Section 311.9, need not be enclosed.
1005.3.3.2 Construction. Exit enclosures shall be of fire-resis-tive construction as follows:
1. In buildings of other than Type I- or Type II-F.R. construction and less than four stories in height, exit enclosures shall not be of less than one-hour fire-resistive construction.
2. In buildings of Type I- or Type II-F.R. construction of any height, exit enclosures shall not be of less than two-hour fire-resis-tive construction.
3. In buildings of any type of construction and four or more sto-ries in height, exit enclosures shall not be of less than two-hour fire-resistive construction.
EXCEPTION: In sprinkler-protected parking garages restricted to the storage of private or pleasure-type motor vehicles, exit enclosures may be enclosed with glazing meeting the requirements of Sections 713.7, 713.8 and 713.9.
Exit enclosures in buildings of Type I or II construction shall be of noncombustible construction except where combustible mate-rials are permitted in applicable building elements by other provi-sions of this code. Exit enclosures in buildings of Type III, IV or V construction may be of combustible or noncombustible construc-tion.
1005.3.3.3 Extent of enclosure. Exit enclosures shall be contin-uous and fully enclose all portions of the stairway or ramp to include parts of floors connecting stairway flights. Exit enclosures shall exit directly to the exterior of the building or shall include an exit passageway on the ground floor leading from the exit enclo-sure directly to the exterior of the building. Openings into the exit passageway shall comply with the requirements of Section 1005.3.3.5.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Exit passageways are not required from unen-closed stairways or ramps.
2. In office buildings, and Group I, Division 1.1 hospitals and nurs-ing homes, a maximum of 50 percent of the exits may pass through a street-floor lobby, provided the entire street floor is protected with an automatic sprinkler system.
1005.3.3.4 Barrier. A stairway in an exit enclosure shall not con-tinue below the grade level exit unless an approved barrier is
pro-vided at the ground-floor level to prevent persons from accidentally continuing into the basement. Directional exit signs shall be provided as specified in Section 1003.2.8.
1005.3.3.5 Openings and penetrations. Openings in exit enclo-sures shall be limited to those necessary for egress from normally occupied spaces into the enclosure and those necessary for egress from the enclosure.
EXCEPTION: Exit enclosures on the exterior walls of buildings may have unprotected openings to the exterior when permitted by Table 5-A.
All interior exit doors in an exit enclosure shall be protected by a fire assembly having a fire-protection rating of not less than one hour where one-hour enclosure construction is permitted in Sec-tion 1005.3.3.2 and one and one-half hours where two-hour enclo-sure construction is required by Section 1005.3.3.2. Such doors shall be maintained self-closing or shall be automatic closing by actuation of a smoke detector as specified in Section 713.2. All hold-open devices shall be listed for the intended purpose and shall close or release the fire assembly to the closed position in the event of a power failure. The maximum transmitted temperature end point for such doors shall not exceed 450_F (232_C) above ambient at the end of 30 minutes of the fire exposure specified in UBC Standard 7-2.
Penetrations into or through an exit enclosure are prohibited except for those serving the exit enclosure such as ductwork and equipment necessary for independent stairway pressurization, sprinkler piping, standpipes and electrical conduit terminating in a listed box not exceeding 16 square inches (10 323 mm2) in area.
Penetrations and communicating openings between exit enclo-sures in the same building are not permitted regardless of their protection.
1005.3.3.6 Use of space under stairway or ramp. There shall not be enclosed usable space under stairways or ramps in an exit enclosure. The open space under such stairways shall not be used for any purpose.
1005.3.3.7 Pressurized enclosure. In a building having a floor level used for human occupancy located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, all required exit enclosures shall be pressurized in accordance with Section 905 and this section. Pressurization shall occur automati-cally upon activation of an approved fire alarm system.
EXCEPTION: If the building is not equipped with a fire alarm sys-tem, pressurization shall be upon activation of a spot-type smoke detector listed for releasing service located within 5 feet (1524 mm) of each vestibule entry.
A controlled relief vent capable of discharging a minimum of 2,500 cubic feet per minute (1180 L/s) of air at the design pressure difference shall be located in the upper portion of such pressurized exit enclosures.
1005.3.3.7.1 Vestibules. Pressurized exit enclosures shall be provided with a pressurized entrance vestibule that complies with the requirements of this section.
1005.3.3.7.1.1 Vestibule size. Vestibules shall not be less than 44 inches (1118 mm) in width and not less than 72 inches (1829 mm) in the direction of travel.
1005.3.3.7.1.2 Vestibule construction. Vestibules shall have walls, floors and ceilings of not less than two-hour fire-resistive construction.
1005.3.3.7.1.3 Vestibule doors. The door assembly from the building into the vestibule shall not have less than a one and one-half hour fire-protection rating, and the door assembly from the vestibule to the exit enclosure shall be a smoke- and draft-control assembly having not less than a 20-minute fire-protection rating.
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Doors shall be maintained self-closing or shall be automatic clos-ing by activation of a smoke detector installed in accordance with Section 713. All hold-open devices shall be listed for the intended purpose and shall close or release the fire assembly to the closed position in the event of a power failure. The maximum transmitted temperature end point for the vestibule entry doors shall not exceed 450_F (232_C) above ambient at the end of 30 minutes of the fire exposure specified in UBC Standard 7-2.
1005.3.3.7.1.4 Pressure differences. The minimum pressure differences within the vestibule with the doors closed shall be 0.05-inch water gage (12.44 Pa) positive pressure relative to the fire floor and 0.05-inch water gage (12.44 Pa) negative pressure relative to the exit enclosure. No pressure difference is required relative to a nonfire floor.
1005.3.3.7.1.5 Standpipes. Fire department standpipe connec-tions and valves serving the floor shall be within the vestibule and located in such a manner so as not to obstruct egress where hose lines are connected and charged.
1005.3.4 Exit passageways.
1005.3.4.1 General. Exit passageways serving as an exit in a means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of Section 1005.3.4. Exit passageways shall not be used for any pur-pose other than as a means of egress.
1005.3.4.2 Width. The width of exit passageways shall be deter-mined as specified in Section 1003.2.3, but such width shall not be less than 44 inches (1118 mm), except as specified herein. Exit passageways serving an occupant load of less than 50 shall not be less than 36 inches (914 mm) in width.
The required width of exit passageways shall be unobstructed.
EXCEPTION: Doors, when fully opened, and handrails shall not reduce the required width by more than 7 inches (178 mm). Doors in any position shall not reduce the required width by more than one half.
Other nonstructural projections such as trim and similar decorative fea-tures may project into the required width 11/2inches (38 mm) on each side.
1005.3.4.3 Construction. Exit passageways less than 400 feet (121 920 mm) in length shall have walls, floors and ceilings of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction. Exit passageways 400 feet (121 920 mm) or more in length shall have walls, floors and ceilings of not less than two-hour fire-resistive construction.
Exit passageways in buildings of Type I or II construction shall be of noncombustible construction except where combustible ma-terials are permitted in applicable building elements by other pro-visions of this code. Exit passageways in buildings of Type III, IV or V construction may be of combustible or noncombustible construction.
1005.3.4.4 Openings and penetrations. Openings into exit pas-sageways shall be limited to those necessary for egress from nor-mally occupied spaces into the exit passageway and those necessary for egress from the exit passageway. Elevators shall not open into an exit passageway.
All interior exit doors in an exit passageway shall be protected by a fire assembly having a fire-protection rating of not less than one hour where one-hour exit passageway construction is per-mitted in Section 1005.3.4.3 and not less than one and one-half hours where two-hour exit passageway construction is required by Section 1005.3.4.3. Such doors shall be maintained self-closing or shall be automatic closing by actuation of a smoke detector as spe-cified in Section 713.2. All hold-open devices shall be listed for the intended purpose and shall close or release the fire assembly to the closed position in the event of a power failure. The maximum
transmitted temperature end point for such doors shall not exceed 450_F (232_C) above ambient at the end of 30 minutes of the fire exposure specified in UBC Standard 7-2.
Penetrations into or through an exit passageway are prohibited except for those serving the exit passageway such as sprinkler pip-ing, standpipes and electrical conduit terminating in a listed box not exceeding 16 square inches (10 323 mm2) in area.
1005.3.4.5 Intervening rooms. Exit passageways shall not be interrupted by intervening rooms.
EXCEPTION: In office buildings, a maximum of 50 percent of the exits may discharge through a street-floor lobby provided the entire street floor is protected with an automatic sprinkler system.
1005.3.4.6 Dead ends. Where an exit passageway is used and more than one exit is required, exit doors shall be arranged so that it is possible to go in either direction from any point in the exit pas-sageway to a separate exit door, except for dead ends not exceed-ing 20 feet (6096 mm) in length.
1005.3.5 Horizontal exits.
1005.3.5.1 General. Horizontal exits serving as an exit in a means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of Section 1005.3.5. A horizontal exit is a wall that completely divides a floor of a building into two or more separate exit-access areas to afford safety from fire and smoke in the exit-access area of incident origin.
It is permissible for a horizontal exit to serve as an exit for each adjacent exit-access area (e.g., a two-way exit), providing that the exit-access design requirements for each exit-access area are independently satisfied.
A horizontal exit shall not serve as the only exit from the exit access. Where two or more exits are required from the exit access, not more than one half of the total number of exits or total exit width may be provided by horizontal exits.
1005.3.5.2 Construction. The wall containing a horizontal exit shall be constructed as required for an occupancy separation hav-ing a fire-resistive rathav-ing of not less than two hours. The horizontal exit wall shall be continuous from exterior wall to exterior wall and shall extend from the floor to the underside of the floor or roof directly above so as to completely divide the floor that is served by the horizontal exit. Structural members supporting a horizontal exit shall be protected by equivalent fire-resistive construction.
Horizontal exits in buildings of Type I, II or III construction shall be of noncombustible construction. Horizontal exits in buildings of Type IV or V construction may be of combustible or noncombustible construction.
1005.3.5.3 Openings and penetrations. Openings in a horizon-tal exit shall be protected by a fire assembly having a fire-protec-tion rating of not less than one and one-half hours. Such fire assemblies shall be maintained self-closing or shall be automatic closing by actuation of a smoke detector as specified in Section 713.2. All hold-open devices shall be listed for the intended pur-pose and shall close or release the fire assembly to the closed posi-tion in the event of a power failure. The maximum transmitted temperature end point for such doors shall not exceed 450_F (232_C) above ambient at the end of 30 minutes of the fire expo-sure specified in UBC Standard 7-2.
1005.3.5.4 Refuge area. The floor area of the exit access to which a horizontal exit leads shall be of sufficient size to accom-modate 100 percent of the occupant load of the exit access from which refuge is sought, plus 100 percent of the normal occupant load of the exit access serving as the refuge area. The capacity of such refuge floor area shall be determined by allowing 3 square
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feet (0.28 m2) of net clear floor area of aisles, hallways and corri-dors per occupant. The area of stairs, elevators and other shafts shall not be used. In Group I, Division 1.1 Occupancies, the capac-ity of the refuge area shall be determined by allowing 15 square feet (1.4 m2) of net clear floor area per ambulatory occupant and 30 square feet (2.8 m2) of net clear floor area per nonambulatory occupant.
The design of the exit access serving as the refuge area shall comply with the requirements of Section 1004.2 based on the nor-mal occupant load served and need not consider the increased occupant load imposed by persons entering such refuge area through horizontal exits.