SECTION 4-3.3: ION 4-3.3: SIGNASIGNALSLS 4-3.3.1
4-3.3.1 GeneraGenerall
(a)
(a) Communication between the crane operator and Communication between the crane operator and signalperson shall be maintained continuously during signalperson shall be maintained continuously during all crane movements. If at any time communication is all crane movements. If at any time communication is disrupted, the operator shall stop all crane movements disrupted, the operator shall stop all crane movements until communication is restored and a proper signal is until communication is restored and a proper signal is given and understood.
given and understood. (b)
(b) If the operator has any concerns regarding the If the operator has any concerns regarding the requested movement of the crane or needs to communi- requested movement of the crane or needs to communi- cate with the signalperson, the operator shall stop all cate with the signalperson, the operator shall stop all crane movement. Crane movement shall not resume crane movement. Crane movement shall not resume until the operator and signalperson agree the issue at until the operator and signalperson agree the issue at hand has been resolved.
hand has been resolved. (c)
(c) If it is desired to give instructions to the operator, If it is desired to give instructions to the operator, other than those provided by the established signal sys- other than those provided by the established signal sys- tem, the crane movements shall be stopped.
tem, the crane movements shall be stopped.
4-3.3.2
4-3.3.2 StandStandard Signaard Signalsls
Sta
Standandardrd sigsignalnalss toto thethe opeoperatratoror shashallll bebe inin accaccorordandancece with the standards prescribed in para. 4-3.3.4 or 4-3.3.5. with the standards prescribed in para. 4-3.3.4 or 4-3.3.5. Signals shall be discernible or audible at all times. No Signals shall be discernible or audible at all times. No crane motion shall be made unless signals are clearly crane motion shall be made unless signals are clearly understood.
understood.
4-3.3.3
4-3.3.3 Signalperson Signalperson QualificationsQualifications
Prior to signaling crane operations, all signalpersons Prior to signaling crane operations, all signalpersons shall be tested by a designated person and demonstrate shall be tested by a designated person and demonstrate their qualifications in the following areas:
their qualifications in the following areas: (a
(a )) basic understanding of crane operation and basic understanding of crane operation and limitations
limitations (b)
(b) standard hand signals described in para. 4-3.3.4 standard hand signals described in para. 4-3.3.4 whenever hand signals are used
whenever hand signals are used (c)
(c) standard voice signals described in para. 4-3.3.5 standard voice signals described in para. 4-3.3.5 whenever voice signals are used
whenever voice signals are used
4-3.3.4
4-3.3.4 StandStandard Hand Signaard Hand Signalsls
Ha
Handnd sisigngnalalss shshalalll bebe inin acaccocordrdanancece wiwithth FiFig.g. 4-4-3.3.3.43.4-1-1 and shall be posted at the worksite.
and shall be posted at the worksite.
4-3.3.5
4-3.3.5 Standard VStandard Voice Signaoice Signalsls
Prior to
Prior to beginbeginning lifting operations using voice sig-ning lifting operations using voice sig- nals, the signals shall be discussed and agreed upon by nals, the signals shall be discussed and agreed upon by the person directing lifting operations, the crane opera- the person directing lifting operations, the crane opera- tor, and the appointed signalperson.
tor, and the appointed signalperson. (a)
(a) Telephones, radios, or equivalent, if used, shall be Telephones, radios, or equivalent, if used, shall be tested before lifting operations begin. If the system is tested before lifting operations begin. If the system is battery
battery powered, extra powered, extra batteries batteries should should be be avavailable ailable atat the jobsite.
the jobsite.
26 26
(b)
(b) Prior to commencing a lift, the operator and sig- Prior to commencing a lift, the operator and sig- nalperson shall contact and identify each other.
nalperson shall contact and identify each other. (c)
(c) All directions given to the crane operator by the All directions given to the crane operator by the sig
signalnalperpersonson shashallll bebe givgivenen frfromom thethe opeoperatrator’sor’s dirdirectiectionon perspective (e.g., swing right).
perspective (e.g., swing right). (d)
(d) Each Each serseries ies of of vovoice ice sigsignalnals s shashall ll concontain tain thrthreeee eleme
elements stated nts stated in in the following order:the following order: (1)
(1) function and direction function and direction (2)
(2) distance and/or speed distance and/or speed (3)
(3) function stop function stop
NOTE:
NOTE: The folloThe following arwing are some exae some examples of smples of signalignals:s: (a)
(a) swing right 50 ft, 25 ft, 15 ft, 10 ft, 5 ft, 2 ft, swing stop swing right 50 ft, 25 ft, 15 ft, 10 ft, 5 ft, 2 ft, swing stop (b)
(b) load down 100 ft, 50 ft, 40 ft, 30 ft, . . . 2 ft, load stop load down 100 ft, 50 ft, 40 ft, 30 ft, . . . 2 ft, load stop (c)
(c) load up slow, slow, slow, load stop load up slow, slow, slow, load stop
(e)
(e) For lifting operations using voice signals, the per- For lifting operations using voice signals, the per- son directing lifting operations shall
son directing lifting operations shall consiconsider the der the com-com- plexity of the lift, the capabilities of the particular crane, plexity of the lift, the capabilities of the particular crane, the experience and skill of the operator and signalper- the experience and skill of the operator and signalper- son
son,, andtheandthe abiabilitlityy toto comcommunmunicaicatete thenecethenecessassaryry sigsignalnalss before permitting multiple
before permitting multiple simultaneous crane functionsimultaneous crane function signals.
signals.
4-3.3.6
4-3.3.6 SpeciaSpecial Signal Signalsls
For operations not covered by para. 4-3.3.4, 4-3.3.5, or For operations not covered by para. 4-3.3.4, 4-3.3.5, or 4-3.3.7, additions to or modifications of the standard 4-3.3.7, additions to or modifications of the standard signa
signals ls may be may be requrequireired. d. In such In such casecases, s, the requirthe requireded special signals shall be agreed upon in advance by the special signals shall be agreed upon in advance by the lift director, operator, and signalperson. These special lift director, operator, and signalperson. These special signals should not be in conflict with the standard signals should not be in conflict with the standard signals.
signals.
4-3.3.7
4-3.3.7 AudiblAudible Travel Signe Travel Signalsals
When moving the vehicle, the following signals shall When moving the vehicle, the following signals shall be
be used:used: (a)
(a) STOP: one short audible signal STOP: one short audible signal (b)
(b) GO AHEAD: two short audible signals GO AHEAD: two short audible signals (c)
(c) BACK UP: three short audible signals BACK UP: three short audible signals
4-3.3.8
4-3.3.8 AudiblAudible Emergency Signae Emergency Signall
Eme
Emergrgencencyy sigsignalnalss cancan bebe givgivenen byby anyanyoneone.. TheThe sigsignalnal used shall be agreed upon for each jobsite location, and used shall be agreed upon for each jobsite location, and it
it shashallll meemeett thethe rerequirquiremeementntss ofof parpara.a. 4-34-3.3.6.3.6 (e.(e.g.,g., mulmulti-ti- ple
ple shoshortrt audaudibliblee sigsignalnalss oror aa concontinutinuousous audaudibliblee sigsignalnal).).
SECT
SECTION ION 4-3.4: 4-3.4: MISCEMISCELLANELLANEOUSOUS
4-3.4.1
4-3.4.1 Rail CRail Clamplampss
Rail clamps, if used, should have slack between the Rail clamps, if used, should have slack between the point of attachment to the rail and the end fastened to point of attachment to the rail and the end fastened to the crane. Rail clamps shall not be used as a means of the crane. Rail clamps shall not be used as a means of res
restraintraining tipping ing tipping of of a a cranecrane..
4-3.4.2
4-3.4.2 OperaOperating Near Electric Poweting Near Electric Power Linesr Lines
(a)
(a) Cranes shall be operated so that no part of the Cranes shall be operated so that no part of the crane or load enters into the Danger Zone shown in crane or load enters into the Danger Zone shown in Fig. 4-3.4.2-1. Fig. 4-3.4.2-1. (15) (15) (15) (15) (15) (15) - - - - ` ` , , ` ` , , ` ` , , ` ` , , , , ` ` , , , , , , ` ` ` ` ` ` , , , , ` ` , , , , , , ` ` ` ` ` ` , , , , , , ` ` ` ` - - ` ` - - ` ` , , , , ` ` , , , , ` ` , , ` ` , , , , ` ` - - - - - -
ASME B30.4-2015 ASME B30.4-2015
Fig. 4-3.3.
Fig. 4-3.3.4-1 4-1 StandStandard Hand Signard Hand Signals for Contals for Controllrolling Portaing Portal and Pedestl and Pedestal Cranal Craneses
HOI
HOISSTT. With forearm . With forearm vertical, fore-vertical, fore-
finger pointing up, move hand in
finger pointing up, move hand in
small horizontal circle.
small horizontal circle.
LOWER. With arm extended down-
LOWER. With arm extended down-
ward, forefinger pointing down,
ward, forefinger pointing down,
move hand in small horizontal circle.
move hand in small horizontal circle.
U
USSE MAIN HOIE MAIN HOISST. Tap fist on head;T. Tap fist on head;
then use regular signals.
then use regular signals.
U
USSE WHIPLINE (Auxiliary Hoist).E WHIPLINE (Auxiliary Hoist).
T
Tap elbow with one hand; ap elbow with one hand; then usethen use
regular signals.
regular signals.
RAI
RAISSE BOOM. Arm extended,E BOOM. Arm extended,
fingers closed, thumb pointing
fingers closed, thumb pointing
upward.
upward.
LOWER BOOM. Arm extended
LOWER BOOM. Arm extended
fingers closed, thumb pointing
fingers closed, thumb pointing
downward.
downward.
MOVE
MOVESSLOWLY. Use one hand toLOWLY. Use one hand to
give any motion signal and place
give any motion signal and place
other hand motionless in front of
other hand motionless in front of
hand giving the motion signal.
hand giving the motion signal.
(Hoist slowly shown as example.)
(Hoist slowly shown as example.)
RAI
RAISSE THE BOOM AND LOWER THEE THE BOOM AND LOWER THE
LOAD. With arm extended, thumb
LOAD. With arm extended, thumb
pointing up, flex fingers in and out
pointing up, flex fingers in and out
as long as load movement is desired.
as long as load movement is desired.
LOWER THE BOOM AND RAI
LOWER THE BOOM AND RAISSE THEE THE
LOAD. With arm extended, thumb
LOAD. With arm extended, thumb
pointing down, flex fingers in and
pointing down, flex fingers in and
out as long as load movement is
out as long as load movement is
desired.
desired.
27 27
Copyright ASME International Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME
Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=University of Alberta/5966844001, User=ahmadi, rozitaLicensee=University of Alberta/5966844001, User=ahmadi, rozita
- - - - ` ` , , ` ` , , ` ` , , ` ` , , , , ` ` , , , , , , ` ` ` ` ` ` , , , , ` ` , , , , , , ` ` ` ` ` ` , , , , , , ` ` ` ` - - ` ` - - ` ` , , , , ` ` , , , , ` ` , , ` ` , , , , ` ` - - - - - -
ASME B30.4-2015 ASME B30.4-2015
Fig. 4-3.3.4-
Fig. 4-3.3.4-1 1 StanStandard Hand Signdard Hand Signals for Contrals for Controlliolling Portal and Pedesng Portal and Pedestal Crantal Cranes (Cont’des (Cont’d))
S
SWING. Arm extended, point withWING. Arm extended, point with
finger in direction of swing of boom.
finger in direction of swing of boom. S
STOPTOP. Arm . Arm extended, palm down,extended, palm down,
move arm back and forth.
move arm back and forth.
EMERGENCY
EMERGENCYSSTOP. Both armsTOP. Both arms
extended, palms down, move arms
extended, palms down, move arms
back and forth.
back and forth.
DOG EVERYTHING. Clasp hands in
DOG EVERYTHING. Clasp hands in
front of body.
front of body.
EXTEND BOOM
EXTEND BOOM (T(Telescoping Boom).elescoping Boom).
One Hand
One HandSSignal. One fist in front of ignal. One fist in front of
chest with thumb tapping chest.
chest with thumb tapping chest.
RETRACT BOOM
RETRACT BOOM (T(Telescoping Boom).elescoping Boom).
One Hand
One HandSSignal. One fist in front of ignal. One fist in front of
chest, thumb pointing outward and
chest, thumb pointing outward and
heel of fist tapping chest.
heel of fist tapping chest.
28 28 - - - - ` ` , , ` ` , , ` ` , , ` ` , , , , ` ` , , , , , , ` ` ` ` ` ` , , , , ` ` , , , , , , ` ` ` ` ` ` , , , , , , ` ` ` ` - - ` ` - - ` ` , , , , ` ` , , , , ` ` , , ` ` , , , , ` ` - - - - - -
ASME B30.4-2015 ASME B30.4-2015
Fig. 4-3.4.2-
Fig. 4-3.4.2-1 1 DangeDanger Zone for Cranes and Lifter Zone for Cranes and Lifted Loads Operad Loads Operating Near Electing Near Electricatrical Tranl Transmisssmission Linesion Lines This area should be avoided.
This area should be avoided.
Da
Dannger zoger zonne areae area
[Note
[Note (1)](1)]
NOTE: NOTE: (1)
(1) For minimum radiaFor minimum radial distance of danger zonel distance of danger zone, see , see parapara. 4-3.4.2.. 4-3.4.2.
29 29
Copyright ASME International Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME
Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=University of Alberta/5966844001, User=ahmadi, rozitaLicensee=University of Alberta/5966844001, User=ahmadi, rozita
- - - - ` ` , , ` ` , , ` ` , , ` ` , , , , ` ` , , , , , , ` ` ` ` ` ` , , , , ` ` , , , , , , ` ` ` ` ` ` , , , , , , ` ` ` ` - - ` ` - - ` ` , , , , ` ` , , , , ` ` , , ` ` , , , , ` ` - - - - - -
ASME B30.4-2015 ASME B30.4-2015