SECURITY HAZARDS

Any act or condition which may result in the compromise of information, loss of life, loss or destruction of property or disruption of the objective of the installation.

Types of Hazards

1. Natural Hazard- these are hazards which arise from natural phenomena. The following are types of natural hazards or disasters:

 Floods caused by typhoons

 Earthquakes

 Fire (not caused by human action)

 Storms (typhoons, cyclones, tornado and hurricane)

 Lighting storms

 Extreme temperature and humidity

2. Human-Man made Hazards- These are hazards which are the result of a state of mind, attitude, weaknesses or character traits of one or more persons. They can be acts of commission or omission, both overt and covert, which can disrupt operation of a plant or installation. The following are types of human or man made hazards:

 Carelessness- accidents and dissatisfaction

 Disloyalty-subversion and sabotage

 Espionage, pilferage and theft

 Vandalism, etc Sabotage as a Security Hazard Description of a Saboteur

and psychology.

3. He can work alone, in-groups, or simultaneously in several places.

Possible Targets of Saboteur 1. Armed Forces Installation

2. Natural resources- mines, forests, farms and farm products 3. Industries- buildings, power sources, machinery, fuel, etc.

4. Warehouses depots, communications, public utilities, etc.

Countermeasures Against Sabotage

1. Use of an efficient, alert and trained guard force.

2. Use of Physical security aids like barriers, personnel and vehicular control, intrusion devices, communication systems, and electric aids.

1. He is very dangerous adversary and his skills in deception and his cunning should never be under estimated.

2. He is usually a person of extensive training and will be highly effective in gaining the confidence of people and of extracting information of value to be relayed to his employer or handler.

3. Even how well-trained an espionage agent he might be, he is human like the saboteur and he can be defeated in his own game if proper methods and techniques are undertaken.

Countermeasures against Industrial Espionage

1. Careful and complete pre-employment measures designed to control threats of industrial espionage.

2. Continuing personnel check on employees and particularly personnel on sensitive positions even already employed.

3. Prevention of unauthorized entry to the plant or industrial installation.

4. Restricting of movement of personnel in the premises of the plant.

5. Controlled disposal of waste papers including carbons in classified work.

6. Only properly cleared personnel should handle classified document.

Subversive Activity as a Security Hazard Threats of Subversive Activity

1. It can be local or national in nature and their mission is to undermine the authority weaken the organization, and eventually take over. This can be in business or any activity.

Countermeasures to Subversive Activity

1. The spreading of rumors, written materials, slogans or any other devices to confuse the work population and discredit the government should be immediately reported.

2. Labor and other company unions can be infiltrated so that strikes and “slow downs”

can be called to disrupt the normal operation of a plant or installation.

3. Security force should be alerted for person trying to recruit others in organizing movements for peace, anti-colonials, anti-trade and anti-imperialism.

4. Employees or outside personnel seeking memberships in “paper organizations”

should report this activity to security.

5. Other methods of subversion like united fronts, mob action, terrorism and sabotage will be done to gain the subversive ends.

Pilferage as a Business Hazard

1. Pilferage is one of the most annoying and common human hazards which security has to deal with. This activity if uncontrolled can become financial drain if not a menace to smooth and orderly operation.

2. Failure to detect shortage and inaccurate inventories will cause inventory losses, which may be labeled as pilferage.

Types of Pilferers

1. Casual Pilferer- one who steals due to his inability to resist the unexpected opportunity and has little fear of detection is no plan or premeditation and he is usually a “loner” on the job. The temptation to pick up the article is basically due to poor security measure.

The implication of causal pilfering is the big cumulative cost if it remains unchecked.

2. Systematic Pilferer- one who steals with preconceived plans and takes away any or all types of items or supplies for economic gain. Pilferers of this kind can be employees or outsiders of the establishment.

Factors considered in Pilferage

1. Location of items to be pilfered- the systematic pilferer surveys shopping and store areas, or through contacts from the firms.

2. Access to the items- techniques can be from fake documents, bribing of guards, outsmarting security, creating disturbance and other methods to divert attention while pilferage goes on.

3. Removal of item- this can be done as wearing the stolen shoes or shorts, concealment in body or vehicles, use of false documents, etc. Driver may conceal pilfered items in his vehicle.

4. Disposal of items- there is a need for “fences” brokers” or “clearing houses” for these

“hot” items.

Countermeasures for Casual Pilferage

1. “Spot”: check on outgoing vehicles and persons.

2. An aggressive security education and indoctrination program with emphasis that

“crime does not pay”.

3. Superiors should set example of integrity and desirable moral climate for employees in the establishment.

4. All employees must be enjoined to report or any loss to security.

5. Inventory and control methods should be done especially to pilferable items.

6. Control of tools equipment and sets.

Countermeasures for Systematic Pilferage

1. Guards and electronic surveillance on all exits.

2. Package and material control system.

3. Parking area outside perimeter fence of establishment.

4. Careful screening and background checks on applicants to weed out potential thieves.

5. Investigation of all losses quickly and efficiently to determine “modus operandi” or obtain clues.

8. Establish an effective lock and key control system.

9. Use of appropriate perimeter fencing and lighting for parking facilities and areas for vehicles and persons.

10. Store bulk quantities of pilferable items in enclosed security areas and distribute them to using section in limited quantities.

11. Establish accurate inventory and accounting methods for procurement, use and disposal.

12. Establish close liaison with governmental law enforcement and intelligence agencies.

SECURITY SURVEY AND INSPECTION