Oscillating movement
The cylinder oscillates backwards and forwards between the roller lever valves (1.2) and (1.7) until the specified time of t = 5 seconds has expired.
Steps n-2 to n
After the time delay valve (1.4) has been switched, the memory valve (1.5) is reversed. Roller lever valves (1.7) and (1.9) are no longer supplied with compressed air. The cylinder travels to the initial posi-tion (forward end posiposi-tion).
C-43
Solution 10
TP101 • Festo Didactic
1.0 1.2 1.7 1.9
Components Description
0.1 Service unit with on-off valve 0.2 Manifold
0.3 Pressure regulator with pressure gauge 1.0 Double-acting cylinder
1.1 5/2-way double pilot valve
1.2 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 1.3 3/2-way with push button, normally closed 1.4 Time delay valve, normally closed 1.5 5/2-way double pilot valve
1.7 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 1.9 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 1.11 Shuttle valve
Components list
C-45
Solution 10
TP101 • Festo Didactic
■ Vary the quantity of air in the power valve (1.1) using the pressure regulator (0.3). Observe the behaviour of the actuator.
Follow up
C-46
Solution 10
Note
Only one time delay valve is contained in the set of equipment for the basic course. The second time delay valve (1.5) can be impro-vised by using a one-way flow control valve and a piece of tubing of about 1 m length (see circuit design).
The 3/2-way valve of the time delay valve (1.12) is actuated in the initial position.
1.0/1 1.10 1.3 1.0/2
A B
1.1
1.14
1.12 1.5
1.10 1.3
1.8
1.6
1.2 1.4
Fig. 11/2:
Circuit diagram
C-47
Solution 11
TP101 • Festo Didactic
Latching Solution description
In the group of valves (1.2), (1.4), (1.6) and (1.8), we have a latching circuit with "dominant off response" (RS flip flop behaviour with domi-nant off). If the valve with selector switch (1.4) is reversed, operation of the push button (1.2) provides a constant one-signal at the output of the valve (1.8). Resetting valve (1.4) interrupts the latching. The system will not restart on its own when compressed air is restored after a power failure.
Initial position
In the initial position, cylinder (1.0/1) is retracted and cylinder (1.0/2) advanced. The roller lever valve (1.10) is actuated. A one-signal is present at the output of time delay valve (1.12).
1.2
Step 1-2
After actuation of start button (1.2), valve (1.8) reverses. As pressure is applied to the right and left-hand side of the dual pressure valve (1.14), it switches through and the final control component (1.1) is reversed. The two cylinders move towards opposed end positions.
Two spark plug blanks are fed to the machining device. Through ac-tuation of the roller lever valve (1.3), time delay valve (1.5) receives a one-signal at the pilot port. The air reservoir is filled via the adju-stable flow control valve. Filling time is to amount to t1 = 1 second.
Step 2-3
When the reservoir of the time delay valve (1.5) has reached the switching pressure of p = 3 bar (= 300 kPa), the 3/2-way valve of the time delay valve switches through. The final control element (1.1) is then reversed. The two cylinders move into opposing end positions.
Gravity causes a pair of spark plug blanks to roll out. Time delay valve (1.12) receives a one-signal at the pilot port through the actu-ated roller lever valve (1.10). After the set time of t2 = 2 seconds, the dual pressure valve (1.14) receives a signal at the right-hand side and in this way a renewed start is possible.
Continuous cycle
If the valve with selector switch (1.4) is switched and start button (1.2) operated, the control system runs in continuous cycle. Reversing the valve with selector switch into the initial position stops the se-quence at the end of a cycle.
C-49
Solution 11
TP101 • Festo Didactic
1.0/1 1.10 1.3 1.0/2
Note
The one-way flow control valve (1.5) and a piece of tubing of about 1 m length to the final control element have the same effect as a time delay valve (see circuit diagram). However, please observe this gives rise to a creeping signal.
The components – service unit with on-off valve (0.1) and man-ifold (0.2) are no longer shown.
Components Description
0.1 Service unit with on-off valve 0.2 Manifold
1.0/1 Double-acting cylinder 1.0/2 Double-acting cylinder
1.1 5/2-way double pilot valve
1.2 3/2-way valve with push button, normally closed 1.3 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 1.4 5/2-way valve with selector switch 1.5 One-way flow control valve 1.6 Shuttle valve
1.8 5/2-way single pilot valve
1.10 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 1.12 Time delay valve, normally closed 1.14 Dual-pressure valve
Components list
C-51
Solution 11
TP101 • Festo Didactic
■ Through final control valve (1.1), the cylinders are supplied with compressed air. Switch the pressure regulator to input 1 of the final control element.
Follow up
■ Lower the operating pressure in steps of p = 1 bar (100 kPa).
Observe the changed advancing and returning of the cylinders.
■ As the frictional forces of two cylinders are generally different, par-allel running of the cylinders can be achieved to a limited extent only (see also exercises 12 and 13).
C-52
Solution 11
Note
There are three roller lever valves in the set of equipment of "Basic level TP101". For building the circuit shown, four roller lever valves are needed. As an expedient, roller lever valve (2.3), for example, could be omitted.
1.0 1.4 1.5
TP101 • Festo Didactic
1.2
1
0
1
0
2.2 2.3
t 1.7
1.4 1.5
1 2 3=1
(A) 1.0
(B) 2.0
Fig. 12/3: Displacement-step diagram
C-54
Solution 12
Initial position Solution description In the initial position, both cylinders (1.0) and (2.0) assume the
re-tracted end position. The roller lever valves (1.4) and (2.2) are actu-ated. Final control elements (1.1) and (2.1) and directional control valve (0.3) are in the left-hand switching position.
Step 1-2
When push button (1.2) is operated, first directional control valve (0.3) and then final control elements (1.1) and (2.1) are reversed. Both cy-linders advance with their exhaust air restricted. In the forward end position, roller lever valves (1.5) and (2.3) are actuated. The cylinders remain in the forward end position. The pilot port of time delay valve (1.7) is pressurised via the two roller lever valves (1.5) and (2.3). The valve is required to switch when a time lag of t = 1.5 seconds has elapsed.
Step 2-3
After the time delay valve (1.7) has switched through, the three ident-ical 5/2-way double pilot (bi-stable) valves reverse. The cylinders move into the retracted position and there again actuate the roller lever valves (1.4) and (2.2).
Push button (1.3)
If 3/2-way valve (1.3) is operated, the three identical 5/2-way double pilot (bi-stable) valves (1.1), (2.1) and (0.3) are reversed; the cylinders return to the retracted end position.
C-55
Solution 12
TP101 • Festo Didactic
Note
There are 3 roller lever valves in the set of equipment for "Basic level TP101". To build to the circuit diagram shown, you need four roller lever valves. As an expedient, roller lever valve (2.3), for example, may be omitted.
1.0 1.4 1.5 2.0 2.2 2.3
■ Reduce the pressure from the pressure regulator (0.4) in steps of p = 1 bar (=100 kPa). Observe the behaviour of the cylinders and the readings on the pressure gauges.
Follow up
■ Regarding the note on the opposite page: Replace the fourth roller lever valve (2.3) by a roller lever valve with idle return. Investigate the behaviour of the control system with different settings of one-way flow control valves (1.04) and (2.04).
Components Description
0.1 Service unit with on-off valve 0.2 Manifold
0.3 5/2-way double-pilot valve
0.4 Pressure regulator with pressure gauge 1.0 Double-acting cylinder
1.02 Pressure gauge
1.04 One-way flow control valve 1.1 5/2-way double pilot valve
1.2 3/2-way valve with push button, normally closed 1.3 3/2-way valve with push button, normally closed 1.4 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 1.5 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 1.6 Dual pressure valve
1.7 Time delay valve, normally closed 1.9 Shuttle valve
2.0 Double-acting cylinder 2.02 Pressure gauge
2.04 One-way flow control valve 2.1 5/2-way double pilot valve
2.2 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 2.3 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed
Components list
C-57
Solution 12
TP101 • Festo Didactic
C-58
Solution 12
1.0 1.4 2.0 2.2 3.0
A B C
1.1 2.1 3.1
0.3
1.4 2.2
1.2
Fig. 13/3: Circuit diagram
C-59
Solution 13
TP101 • Festo Didactic
A + A –
In the initial position, double acting cylinder (1.0) – upper sieve – and single-acting cylinder (3.0) – unclogger – assume the retracted end position; the double-acting cylinder (2.0) – lower sieve – rests in the forward end position. Roller lever valve (1.4) is actuated.
Step 1-2
After operation of the valve with selector switch (1.2) final control el-ements (1.1), (2.1) and (3.1) are reversed. Cylinders (1.0) and (3.0) move forward; cylinder (2.0) retracts and actuates the roller lever valve (2.2).
Step 2-3
Through the actuation of roller lever valve (2.2), all final control el-ements again reverse. Cylinder (2.0) moves forward; cylinder (3.0) re-tracts. Cylinder (1.0) likewise retracts and again actuates the roller lever valve (1.4).
Continuous cycle
As long as valve (1.2) remains switched, the motion sequence will be repeated. If the valve is brought to the initial start position, the sys-tem remains in its initial position at the end of a cycle.
C-60
Solution 13
Note
Components – service unit with on-off valve (0.1) and manifold (0.2), are no longer shown.
1.0 2.0 3.0
TP101 • Festo Didactic
The stroke time of cylinders is generally not the same.
The time taken for one stroke is dependent on:
Follow up
■ cylinder dimensions
■ power supplied (tubing size and pressure)
■ external forces
■ whether forward or return stroke etc.
Although all three cylinders are actuated from one signal generator, the three cylinders do not reach the end position at the same time.
Observe these events in more detail. Draw up a modified displace-ment-step diagram.
Components Description
0.1 Service unit with on-off valve 0.2 Manifold
0.3 Pressure regulator with pressure gauge 1.0 Double-acting cylinder
1.1 5/2-way double pilot valve 1.2 5/2-way valve with selector switch 1.4 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 2.0 Double-acting cylinder
2.1 5/2-way double pilot valve
2.2 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 3.0 Single-acting cylinder
3.1 5/2-way double-pilot valve Components list
C-62
Solution 13
On the assumption that the return strokes of cylinders (2.0) and (1.0) are the slowest, the following displacement-step diagram results.
* The modified displacement-step diagram with signal lines is not in accordance with VDI 3260.
1 2 3 4 5=1
2.2
1.4 1
0
1
0
1
0 1.2
(A) 1.0
(B) 2.0
(C) 3.0
Fig. 13/5: Modified dis-placement-step diagram *
C-63
Solution 13
TP101 • Festo Didactic
C-64
Solution 13
1.0 1.4 2.2 2.0 2.3
A B
1.1 2.1
2.7
2.2 2.3
2.5 1.4
1.2
Fig. 14/3: Circuit diagram
C-65
Solution 14
TP101 • Festo Didactic
A+ B+ A–
B–
Abbreviated notation
Initial position Solution description
In the initial position, both cylinders are in the retracted end position.
Roller lever valve (1.4) is actuated.
Step 1-2
After operation of push button (1.2), final control valve (1.1) – also referred to as power valve – is reversed. Cylinder (1.0) advances. In the forward end position, the trip cam activates roller lever valve (2.2).
Step 2-3
Through the actuation of roller lever valve (2.2), final control valve (2.1) is reversed. Cylinder (2.0) advances. In the forward end posi-tion, the cylinder actuates roller lever valve (2.3).
Step 3-4
The actuation of roller lever valve (2.3) causes both final control valves (1.1) and (2.1) to be pressurised from the right; both cylinders are reversed. In the retracted end position, cylinder (1.0) again actu-ates the roller lever valve (1.4).
Pressure sequence valve (2.5)
If cylinder (2.0) fails to reach the forward end position because the rubbish bin is full, the pressure sequence valve reverses both power valves via the shuttle valve (2.7). Both cylinders return.
The two cylinders do not return simultaneously! Take a closer look at what really happens. Draw up a modified displacement-step diagram.
Follow up
C-66
Solution 14
Note
If you fit one-way flow control valves between cylinders and power valves – also referred to as final control valve – (exhaust restriction during forward stroke), you are in a position to slow down the motion process considerably and thus improve control.
Components – service unit with on-off valve (0.1) and manifold (0.2) are no longer shown.
1.0 2.0
TP101 • Festo Didactic
Components Description
0.1 Service unit with on-off valve 0.2 Manifold
1.0 Double-acting cylinder 1.1 5/2-way double pilot valve
1.2 3/2-way valve with push button, normally closed 1.4 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 2.0 Double-acting cylinder
2.1 5/2-way double pilot valve
2.2 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 2.3 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 2.5 Pressure sequence valve
2.7 Shuttle valve Components list
C-68
Solution 14
Time lag ∆ t is a delay during the return of the main compactor (2.0) inherent in the system. Final control valve (2.1) can reverse only when the trip cam of the pre-compactor (1.0) no longer activates rol-ler lever valve (2.2).
1 2 3 4=1
1
0 1
0
t
(A) 1.0
(B) 2.0
Fig. 14/5: Modified dis-placement-step diagram
C-69
Solution 14
TP101 • Festo Didactic
C-70
Solution 14
1.0 1.4 2.2 2.0 1.3 2.3
2.02 1.02
1.1 2.1
2.01
2.9 2.7
2.5 2.3
2.2 1.3
1.2 1.4
Fig. 15/2: Circuit diagram A
C-71
Solution 15
TP101 • Festo Didactic
A+ B+ B– A–
Abbreviated notation
1.2
1 2 3 4 5=1
2.2
1.4 2.5
2.3 1.3 1
0
1
0
(A) 1.0
(B) 2.0
Fig.15/3: Displacement-step diagram
C-72
Solution 15
Initial position Solution description In the initial position, the two cylinders (1.0) and (2.0) assume the
retracted end position. The roller lever valve (1.4) is activated. The roller lever valve with idle return (1.3) is not activated.
Step 1-2
When push button (1.2) is operated, a one-signal goes out to direc-tional control valve (1.1) via the depressed roller lever valve (1.4).
After the reversal of the 5/2-way double pilot valve (1.1), the cylinder (1.0) advances with exhaust air restricted (1.02). Shortly before reach-ing the forward end position, the 3/2-way idle return roller lever valve (2.2) becomes actuated.
Step 2-3
The actuation of the idle return roller lever valve (2.2) reverses power valve (2.1); cylinder (2.0) advances with its exhaust air restricted (2.02). With the actuation of roller lever valve (2.3) in the forward end position, the pneumatically activated optical indicator (2.9) displays the one-signal. The control system remains in this position. The pressure regulator (2.01) limits the piston thrust (pressure limitation p = 4 bar
= 400 kPa).
Step 3-4
With the operation of push button (2.5), power valve (2.1) is reversed through dual-pressure valve (2.7). The cylinder (2.0) returns. Just be-fore the retracted end position is reached, the trip cam triggers the roller lever (1.3).
Step 4-5
Power valve (1.1) is reversed through the actuation of idle return rol-ler lever valve (1.3). Cylinder (1.0) returns. In the returned end posi-tion, the trip cam switches the start interlock (1.4).
C-73
Solution 15
TP101 • Festo Didactic
Note:
Components – service unit with on-off valve (0.1) and manifold (0.2) are no longer shown.
1.0 2.0
■ Draw up the displacement-time diagram of the system you have built, using a stop watch.
Follow up
■ Replace the idle return roller lever valves (1.3) and (2.2) by ordi-nary roller lever valves. Why does the system no longer function?
■ Write the abbreviated notation with division into groups (two groups).
■ Build the alternative circuit B with a reversing valve.
Components Description
0.1 Service unit with on-off valve 0.2 Manifold
1.0 Double-acting cylinder 1.02 One-way flow control valve
1.1 5/2-way double pilot valve
1.2 3/2-way valve with push button, normally closed 1.3 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 1.4 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 2.0 Double-acting cylinder
2.01 Pressure regulator with pressure gauge 2.02 One-way flow control valve
2.1 5/2-way double pilot valve
2.2 3/2-way roller lever valve with idle return, normally closed 2.3 3/2-way roller lever valve with idle return, normally closed 2.5 3/2-way valve with push button, normally closed
2.7 Dual-pressure valve 2.9 Optical display
Components list
C-75
Solution 15
TP101 • Festo Didactic
With division into groups for alternative circuit B Abbreviated notation
One can see from the abbreviated notation that the motion sequence envisaged requires a division into at least two groups. A reversing valve is necessary in order to be able to form two separate circuits.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1
0
1
0
Zeit t in Sekunden 1.0
2.0
Time axis: 20 millimetres =^ 1 second
Time t in seconds
Fig. 15/5:
Displacement-time diagram
C-76
Solution 15
The problem of switching off a counter signal still present at the power valves is solved here by using a reversing valve (0.3). In this way, one does not have to fit idle return roller lever valves. This in-creases operational reliability.
TP101 • Festo Didactic
C-78
Solution 15
1.0 2.2 1.3 2.0 1.4 B
A
1.02 2.01
2.02
2.1
2.2 1.1
S1 S2
0.4
0.5 0.3
1.5
1.3 1.4
1.2
Fig. 16/2: Circuit diagram A
C-79
Solution 16
TP101 • Festo Didactic
Abbreviated notation with division into groups
1 2 3 4=1
1.2
t 1.5
1.3
t =0.5s 1
0 1
0
1.4
2
1
(A) 1.0
(B) 2.0
Fig. 16/3: Displacement-step diagram
C-80
Solution 16
Initial position Solution description In the initial position, the reversing valve (0.3) supplies air to line S2.
The pressure gauge (0.5) registers the signal. The clamping cylinder (1.0) is retracted and actuates the roller lever valve (2.2). Ejector cy-linder (2.0) is advanced and actuates the roller lever valve (1.4).
Step 1-2
If push button (1.2) is operated, reversing valve (0.3) switches and supplies air to line (S1), line S2 is exhausted. Both power valves (1.1) and (2.1) are reversed. The ejector cylinder (2.0) is retracted with its exhaust air restricted (2.01); at the same time clamping cylin-der (1.0) goes forward, likewise with exhaust air restricted (1.02) and actuates roller lever valve (1.3). Clamping time t1 = 0.5 seconds is set by means of one-way flow control valves (1.02) and (2.01). Actua-tion of roller lever valve (1.3) supplies pressure to the pilot port of time delay valve (1.5). During the set clamping time of t2 = 5 seconds, the air reservoir (pneumatic memory) of the time delay valve is filled.
Step 2-3
Switching through time delay valve (1.5) actuates reversing valve (0.3). Line S2 is pressurised (0.5), line S1 exhausted (0.4). After reversal of power valve, (1.1) clamping cylinder (1.0) is retracted with-out restriction and, in its retracted end position, actuates roller lever valve (2.2).
Step 3-4
After the actuation of roller lever valve (2.2), power valve (2.1) is reversed. Ejector cylinder (2.0) advances rapidly. The fast forward motion is achieved through quick exhaust valve (2.02) and the shor-test possible length of tubing between the cylinder and quick exhaust valve.
C-81
Solution 16
TP101 • Festo Didactic
Note
The components – service unit with on-off valve (0.1) and manifold
1.0 2.0
■ The following valve ports may also be connected directly to the air supply.
– Start push button 1.2 - 1 – Roller lever valve 1.3 - 1
Follow up
However, this reduces the reliability of operation.
■ Draw up the displacement-time diagram of the assembled circuit by using a stop watch.
Components Description
0.1 Service unit with on-off valve 0.2 Manifold
0.3 5/2-way double pilot valve 0.4 Pressure gauge
0.5 Pressure gauge 1.0 Double-acting cylinder 1.02 One-way flow control valve
1.1 5/2-way double pilot valve
1.2 3/2-way valve with push button, normally closed 1.3 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 1.4 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed 1.5 Time delay valve, normally closed 2.0 Double-acting cylinder
2.01 One-way flow control valve 2.02 Quick exhaust valve
2.1 5/2-way double pilot valve
2.2 3/2-way roller lever valve, normally closed
Components list
C-83
Solution 16
TP101 • Festo Didactic
Assemble alternative circuits B, C and D. Investigate the advantages and disadvantages of the different alternatives.
Alternative circuits
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1
0
1
0
Zeit t in Sekunden 1.0
2.0
Time t in seconds
Time axis: 20 millimetres =^ 1 second
Fig. 16/5:
Displacement-time diagram
C-84
Solution 16
Note
Components – service unit with on-off valve (0.1) and manifold (0.2), are no longer shown.
1.0 2.0
TP101 • Festo Didactic
1.0 2.0
A B
2.2 1.3 1.4
1.02 2.01
2.02
1.1 2.1
1.6 1.5
1.2 1.4 1.3 2.2
Fig. 16/7: Alternative circuit C Circuit diagram
C-86
Solution 16
The Festo sequencer consists of at least three modules. It may be extended by any number of further modules. The Festo Didactic step-per modules of equipment set TP102 consist of four modules. Thus, when assembling the circuit, one step must be bridged (see also cir-cuit design of this alternative circir-cuit).
Note regarding this
TP101 • Festo Didactic
Note
Alternative circuit D Circuit design
C-88
Solution 16
Note
When this circuit is assembled, a double-acting cylinder takes the place of the pneumatic linear feed unit (1.0).
A 1.0 2.2 1.3 2.0
B
2.3
1.1 2.1
2.2 0.5 0.6
S1 S2 S3
0.3
0.4
1.2 2.3 1.3
1.5 Fig. 17/2:
Circuit diagram A
C-89
Solution 17
TP101 • Festo Didactic
Abbreviated notation with division into groups
It can be seen from the abbreviated notation, that the preset se-quence of movements requires a division into at least two groups.
For setting up two lines, one reversing valve is needed.
If a separation into groups is undertaken at the beginning of the cycle, three groups result. For three lines, it is necessary to connect up two reversing valves in series.
1.2
Initial position Solution description In the initial position, both cylinders assume the retracted end
posi-tion. Roller lever valve (2.2) is actuated. The upper reversing valve (0.3) is in the right-hand switching position. Line S3 is pressurised through the left hand switching position assumed by reversing valve (0.4).
Step 1-2
Operation of start push button (1.2) actuates the lower reversing valve (0.4) and provides pressure to line S1 while exhausting line S3.
Power valve (1.1) reverses and pneumatic linear feed (1.0) advances.
In the forward end position, the actuator triggers roller lever valve (1.3). This supplies pressure at the pilot port of time delay valve (1.5). The actuator (1.0) remains in the forward end position during t
= 2 seconds.
Step 2-3
Switching through of the time delay valve (1.5) causes the upper re-versing valve (0.3) to switch and line S2 to be pressurised. Power valve (1.1) is reset. Feed cylinder (1.0) goes to its initial position and again actuates roller lever valve (2.2).
Step 3-4
As line S2 is pressurised, actuation of roller lever valve (2.2) causes power valve (2.1) to be switched against spring force. Ejector cylinder (2.0) goes forward unthrottled and actuates roller lever valve (2.3).
Step 4-5
Actuation of limit switch (2.3) causes lower reversing valve (0.4) to be switched. This change of status has two effects. Firstly, line S3 is pressurised and the upper reversing valve put into the right-hand switching position, so that both reversing valves (0.3) and (0.4) are back in the initial position. Secondly, line S2 is exhausted. This leads to the resetting of power valve (2.1) and thus, to the retraction of the ejector cylinder (2.0).
C-91
Solution 17
TP101 • Festo Didactic
Note
In the set of equipment for the basic level, there are three 5/2-way double pilot valves, (0.3), (0.4) and (1.1). In place of power valve (2.1) with spring return, a fourth 5/2-way double piloted valve may be used. The right-hand pilot port 2.1-12 is then connected to line S3.
Components – service unit with on-off valve (0.1) and manifold (0.2),
Components – service unit with on-off valve (0.1) and manifold (0.2),