Blueprints should contain as much detail about the program as necessary to understand what a program does, but no more than that. In practice, this means that blueprints should mostly show control flow and data flow, but little else. Achieving this becomes easier when the target program is implemented with a strict separation of concerns in mind. For example, layout code must not clutter blueprints, which should mainly present control and data flow.
Achieving separation of concerns in iTasks can be achieved by applying Task-Oriented Software Development (TOSD) practices. TOSD separates traditional functional pro- gramming (TFP), like the definitions of algebraic data types and pure functions, from TOP-concerns such as tasks, shares, and layout. The separation of tasks, shares, and layout are valuable for rendering blueprints, so they do not get cluttered. The separation of TFP and the other concerns is valuable, because pure functions are easy to test and reason about, improving the reliability of the code. How the explicit awareness of TOSD can impact the development process remains a subject for future work. Still, one can already imagine human-machine-interaction experts working together jointly but orthog- onally with task programmers to create the best possible software, both from a technical and usability standpoint.
8.5
Applications in C2
One of the goals of this thesis was to implement a prototype of a part of a C2 application. Since the C2 domain is far from trivial, a structured development approach was required. This resulted in the development of the TOSD approach.
The use of TOSD in the development of this C2 prototype is clearly visible in the program code of the C2 application. Significant parts of the application, such as shortest- path calculations and network flow calculations, are implemented using nothing but pure functions and algebraic data types. This resulted in code that was easily debugged and tested.
iTasks’ ability to distribute tasks and automatically synchronize state between mul- tiple clients plays a crucial role in the prototype application. In the application, multiple users need to work together to perform damage control on board of a ship. Task dele- gation and shared situational awareness are key to doing so successfully. TOP supports these requirements well. Task delegation is a built-in task, whereas shares provide a shared situational awareness for free.
One aspect of the application is that it contains a model of a ship in which various fire fighting and damage control (FFDC) scenarios can be performed. Currently, the ship models are created using a crude built-in editor. Future work should focus on taking the design of a real ship and use it as a realistic environment for the FFDC scenarios. In addition to the creation of a more realistic environment, another desirable next step would be to link the prototype to an OPV’s on-board systems so that we can read out real internal sensor data and utilize the on-board communication systems.
8.6
Wrapping Up
The new and improved tools presented in this thesis provide TOP developers with more means to implement software for complex domains. Additionally, the tools suggest new ways of developing functional programs in general. It is our hope that this work, combined with the work upon which it is built, will make TOP more accessible to a wider audience. We hope that particularly blueprints will eventually find applications in the wider field of functional programming as well.
8.6. WRAPPING UP
My Publications
Published Articles
– F. Bolderheij, J.M. Jansen, J. Stutterheim, and B. Kool. Consequence Manage- ment – Declarative Modelling of Maritime C2-systems. In MAST Asia. 2017. – P. Achten, J. Stutterheim, B. Lijnse, and R. Plasmeijer. Towards the Layout of
Things. In Proceedings of the 28nd International Symposium on Implementation and Application of Functional Languages, IFL 16, pages 3:1–3:13, New York, NY, USA, 2014. ACM.
– J. Stutterheim, R. Plasmeijer, and P. Achten. Static and Dynamic Visualisations of Monadic Programs. In Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Implementation and Application of Functional Languages, IFL 15, pages 1:1–1:13, New York, NY, USA, 2015. ACM.
– P. Achten, J. Stutterheim, L. Domoszlai, and R. Plasmeijer. Task Oriented Programming with Purely Compositional Interactive Scalable Vector Graphics. In S. Tobin-Hochstadt, editor, Proceedings of the 26nd International Symposium on Implementation and Application of Functional Languages, IFL 14, pages 7:1–7:13, New York, NY, USA, 2014. ACM.
– J. Stutterheim, R. Plasmeijer, and P. Achten. Tonic: An Infrastructure to Graphically Represent the Definition and Behaviour of Tasks. In J. Hage and J. McCarthy, editors, Trends in Functional Programming, volume 8843 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 122–141. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. – A. Dijkstra, J. Stutterheim, A. Vermeulen, and D. Swierstra. Building JavaScript
applications with Haskell. In R. Hinze, editor, Implementation and Application of Functional Languages: 24th International Symposium, IFL 2012, Oxford, UK, Au- gust 30 - September 1, 2012, Revised Selected Papers, pages 37–52. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.
– E. Petridou, E. Michail, M. Georgiou, D. Psilla, and J. Stutterheim. Reinvent- ing Democracy in the Digital Era. Yiannis Laouris and Afonso Ferreira, editors, Nicosia, 2012. ISBN 978-9963-677-81-8.
– J. Stutterheim, W. Swierstra, and D. Swierstra. Forty Hours of Declarative Programming. In Trends in Functional Programming in Education. 2012.
Technical Reports
– T. Steenvoorden, J. Stutterheim, E. Barendsen, and R. Plasmeijer. Visual Sup- port for Learning Monads. Technical Report, ICIS-R17001, Radboud University, Nijmegen, January 2017.
– J. Stutterheim. Improving the UHC JavaScript backend. Technical Report, Utrecht University, January 2012.
– W. Swierstra, D. Swierstra, and J. Stutterheim. Logisch en Functioneel Pro- grammeren voor Wiskunde D. Technical Report, UU-CS-2011-033, Utrecht Uni- versity, Utrecht, September 2011.
Unpublished Articles
– J. Stutterheim, P. Achten, and R. Plasmeijer. Maintaining Separation of Con- cerns Through Task-Oriented Software Development. Submitted for formal post- conference review at TFP ’17.
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