7 Outcomes of Fit for Work
7.5 Further sickness absence
0 38 8
1 12 2
2 17 4
3 21 5
4 29 6
5 27 6
6 16 3
7 44 9
8 97 20
9 58 12
10 114 24
Base: All respondents self-assessing their ability to work (N=472). Unweighted.
Source: Fit for Work evaluation Wave Two employee survey.
7.5 Further sickness absence
7.5.1 Further absence two months after discharge
All employees who were back at work at the time of the interview, either with the same or with a different employer, were asked whether or not they had been off sick again since they returned to work. Of all employees who had returned to work at the time of the Wave One survey, the majority had not had further periods of sickness absence since their return to work (87 per cent) (see Table 7.60).
• Employees aged under 35 (16 per cent) were more likely than those aged 35-54 (four per cent) or 55 and over (six per cent) to have been off work sick for the same reason since they returned to work (see TA Table 7.135 in the Technical Annex).
• Employees with mental health conditions (90 per cent) or musculoskeletal conditions (91 per cent) were more likely than those with other health conditions (80 per cent) to say that they had not been off work sick since they returned (see TA Table 7.136 in the Technical Annex).
Table 7.60 Have you been off sick again since you returned to work? (Weighted data) Multiple responses included
Categories %
Yes, been off for the same reason 8
Yes, been off for another reason 5
No, not been off sick since returned to work 87
Don’t know 0
Base 676
Base: All back at work (N=676). Unweighted.
Source: Fit for Work evaluation Wave One employee survey.
Logistic regression was conducted on the Wave One employee survey data to
explore what predicted whether employees who had returned to work went on to have additional periods of sickness absence (see TA Table 7.137 in the Technical Annex).
The significant results all relate to demographic and health circumstances.
Younger employees were 2.1 times more likely than those aged 35 to 54 to have additional periods of sickness absence.
Employees without access to occupational health through their employer were 2.1 times more likely to have additional periods of sickness absence than those who had access.
Health condition had an overall statistically significant effect on additional sickness absence. Employees with a mental health condition were 2 times less likely to have additional periods of sickness absence compared to those with other conditions, whilst those with a musculoskeletal condition were 2.5 times less likely.
Lastly, employees who felt their health was the same or worse compared to when they were referred to Fit for Work were 2.1 times more likely to have had additional periods of sickness absence compared to those whose health had improved.
7.5.2 Further absence eight to ten months after discharge
The majority of employees who were back in work at Wave Two (86 per cent) had not had any further periods of long-term sickness absence for more than a week in the previous eight months since their return to work (see Table 7.61).
Table 7.61 Additional period of long-term sickness absence for in-work respondents (Weighted data)
Categories N Col
%
Yes, have been off sick 43 14
No, have not been off sick 275 86
Total 318 100
A little over two-thirds (69 per cent) of respondents who were not in work at Wave Two had been off work continuously since their Wave One interview, and 31 per cent had returned to work for a period of time in the intervening eight months (see Table 7.62).
A number of statistically significant relationships were found:
• Respondents whose mental health was fair or poor (77 per cent) and changeable (77 per cent) were more likely to have been continually absent than those with good mental health (58 per cent) (see TA Table 7.138 in the Technical Annex).
• Respondents whose health was the same or worse compared to the time of their referral to Fit for Work were more likely to have been continually absent (77 per cent) than those whose health had improved (57 per cent) (see TA Table 7.139 in the Technical Annex).
• Respondents whose health was the same or worse compared to their interview at Wave One were more likely to have been continually absent (76 per cent) than those whose health had improved (60 per cent) (see TA Table 7.140 in the Technical Annex).
Table 7.62 Continuity of sick leave since discharge from Fit for Work for out of work respondents (Weighted data)
Categories N Col
% Employee continually off work since Wave One interview 118 69 Returned to work for a period of time after Wave One interview 52 31
Total 171 100
Base: All respondents not currently in work at Wave Two reporting continuity of sickness absence (N=169). Unweighted.
Source: Fit for Work evaluation Wave Two employee survey.
Fifty-three per cent of respondents agreed that the service helped them to reduce the number of sick days taken after returning to work (see Table 7.63). A number of statistically significant differences were found:
• Respondents who had no access to additional sick pay over SSP at Wave One were more likely to agree (61 per cent) compared to those who had additional sick pay (48 per cent, see Table 7.63).
• Those in sales, process and elementary occupations were more likely to agree (65 per cent) compared to employees in administrative, skilled trades and caring occupations (47 per cent) and managers and professionals (44 per cent, see Table 7.64).
Table 7.63 Fit for Work helped respondent reduce number of sickness absence days after returning to work, by access to additional sick pay over SSP at Wave One (Weighted data)
Categories Additional
sick pay No additional
sick pay All
N Col
% N Col
% N Col
%
Neutral and disagree 106 52 41 39 150 48
Agree 96 48 64 61 165 53
Total 202 100 105 100 315 100
Base: All respondents currently in work at Wave Two reporting influence on number of sickness absence days after returning to work and access to additional sick pay over SSP at Wave One (N=309). All respondents currently in work at Wave Two reporting influence on number of sickness absence days after returning to work (N=317). Unweighted.
Source: Fit for Work evaluation Wave Two employee survey.
Table 7.64 Fit for Work helped respondent reduce number of sickness absence days after returning to work, by occupation at Wave One (Weighted data)
Categories Managers and
Neutral and disagree 56 56 53 53 40 35 150 48
Agree 44 44 47 47 74 65 165 52
Total 100 100 100 100 114 100 315 100
Base: All respondents currently in work at Wave Two reporting influence on number of sickness absence days after returning to work and occupation (N=317). All respondents currently in work at Wave Two reporting influence on number of sickness absence days after returning to work (N=317). Unweighted.
Source: Fit for Work evaluation Wave Two employee survey.
7.5.3 Likelihood of future sickness absence
Forty-six per cent of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the service helped them reduce the likelihood of future long-term sickness absence (Table 7.65). A number of statistically significant differences were found:
• Respondents in organisations with 50-249 employees were more likely to agree that the service helped them reduce the likelihood of future sickness absence (55 per cent) than those in organisations with less than 50 employees (39 per cent) or
• Respondents with good physical health at Wave Two were more likely to agree (54 per cent) than those with fair or poor physical health (39 per cent) or changeable physical health (32 per cent, see Table 7.66).
• Respondents who reported access to additional sick pay over SSP at Wave Two were more likely to agree (49 per cent) than those who did not have access (36 per cent) (see TA Table 7.148 in the Technical Annex).
• Respondents in sales, process and elementary occupations were more likely to agree (55 per cent) than respondents in administrative, skilled trades and caring roles (37 per cent) and managers or professionals (44 per cent) (see TA Table 7.149 in the Technical Annex).
• Respondents whose health was the same or worse than at the time of their referral to Fit for Work were more likely to feel neutral or disagree (76 per cent) than those whose health had improved (47 per cent) (see TA Table 7.152 in the Technical Annex). Similarly, respondents whose health was the same or worse than at the Wave One interview were more likely to feel neutral or disagree (70 per cent) than those whose health had improved (49 per cent) (see TA Table 7.153 in the Technical Annex).
Table 7.65 Fit for Work reduced the likelihood of future long-term sickness absence, by size of employer at Wave Two (Weighted data)
Categories
Fewer than 50
employees 50-249 employees
employees 250
or more All
N Col
% N Col
% N Col
% N Col
%
Neutral and disagree 54 61 48 45 56 60 167 54
Agree 35 39 59 55 37 40 143 46
Total 89* 100 107 100 93* 100 309 100
Base: All respondents currently in work at Wave Two reporting influence of service on likelihood of future long-term sickness absence and the size of employer at Wave Two (N=289). All respondents currently in work at Wave Two reporting influence of service on likelihood of future long-term sickness absence (N=310).
Unweighted.
Source: Fit for Work evaluation Wave Two employee survey.
Table 7.66 Fit for Work reduced the likelihood of future long-term sickness absence, by current physical health (Weighted data)
Categories Good Fair or poor Changeable
over time All N Col
% N Col
% N Col
% N Col
%
Neutral and disagree 83 46 51 61 30 68 167 54
Agree 97 54 32 39 14 32 143 46
Total 180 100 83* 100 44 100 309 100
Base: All respondents currently in work at Wave Two reporting influence of service on likelihood of future long-term sickness absence and reporting current physical health (N=308). All respondents currently in work at Wave Two reporting influence on future long-term sickness absence (N=310). Unweighted.
Source: Fit for Work evaluation Wave Two employee survey.