Table 12: Laminar mixture models for 2D and 3D domains described in §3.0. Model Settings
Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit
Viscous Laminar Algebraic Slip Mixture Model
Primary Phase Water-liquid
Secondary Phase Air
Multiphase
Implicit Body Forces On (0, -9.81, 0) m s-2 Boundary Conditions
Zone Type Condition Value
fluid Default Specifications -
wall Default Specifications -
pressure-inlet Gas Phase Fraction 0
Vertical Component Velocity 0.032 m s-1
velocity-inlet
Gas Phase Fraction 1 Solver Controls
Control Type Value
Equations Flow, Slip Velocity, Volume Fraction
Yes
Time Dependency Time Step 0.1 s
Pressure 0.3 Momentum 0.7 Slip Velocity 0.1 Volume Fraction 0.5 Density 1 Under-relaxation Body Forces 1
Pressure Body Force Weighted
Momentum QUICK Pressure-Velocity Coupling SIMPLEC
Discretization Scheme
Volume Fraction First Order Upwind
Table 13: k-ε turbulence mixture model for 2D and 3D domains described in §3.0. Model Settings
Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit
Viscous Standard k-ε turbulence model Wall Treatment Standard Wall Functions
Algebraic Slip Mixture Model
Primary Phase Water-liquid
Secondary Phase Air
Multiphase
Implicit Body Forces On (0, -9.81, 0) m s-2 Boundary Conditions
Zone Type Condition Value
Fluid Default Specifications -
Wall Default Specifications -
pressure-inlet Gas Phase Fraction 0
Vertical Component Velocity 0.032 m s-1
velocity-inlet
Gas Phase Fraction 1 Solver Controls
Control Type Value
Equations Flow, Slip Velocity, Volume Fraction, Turbulence
Yes
Time Dependency Time Step 0.1 s
Pressure 0.3 Momentum 0.7
Slip Velocity 0.1
Volume Fraction 0.5 Turbulence Kinetic Energy 0.8 Turbulence Dissipation Rate 0.8
Density 1
Viscosity 1
Under-relaxation
Body Forces 1
Pressure Body Force Weighted
Momentum QUICK Pressure-Velocity Coupling SIMPLEC
Turbulence Kinetic Energy First Order Upwind Turbulence Dissipation Rate First Order Upwind Discretization Scheme
Volume Fraction First Order Upwind
Table 14: Reynolds stresses mixture model for 2D and 3D domains described in §3.0. Model Settings
Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit
Viscous Reynolds stresses model Standard Wall Functions Wall Treatment
RSM Wall Reflection Effects and Wall B.C. (solve k) Algebraic Slip Mixture Model
Primary Phase Water-liquid
Secondary Phase Air
Multiphase
Implicit Body Forces On (0, -9.81, 0) m s-2 User Defined Adjust Function Hook adj_vofandv
Boundary Conditions
Zone Type Condition Value
fluid Default Specifications -
wall Default Specifications -
pressure-inlet Gas Phase Fraction 0
Vertical Component Velocity 0.032 m s-1
velocity-inlet
Gas Phase Fraction 1 Solver Controls
Control Type Value
Equations Flow, Volume Fraction,
Turbulence, Slip Velocity, Reynolds stresses
Yes
Time Dependency Time Step 0.1 s
Pressure 0.3 Momentum 0.7
Slip Velocity 0.1
Volume Fraction 0.5 Turbulence Kinetic Energy 0.8 Turbulence Dissipation Rate 0.8
Viscosity 1
Reynolds stresses 0.5
Density 1 Under-relaxation
Body Forces 1
Pressure Body Force Weighted
Momentum QUICK Pressure-Velocity Coupling SIMPLEC
Turbulence Kinetic Energy First Order Upwind Turbulence Dissipation Rate First Order Upwind Reynolds stresses First Order Upwind Discretization Scheme
Table 15: Lateral convection with under-relaxation adjustment in §4.0. Model Settings
Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit
Viscous Reynolds stresses model Standard Wall Functions Wall Treatment
RSM Wall Reflection Effects and Wall B.C. (solve k) Heat Transfer Enabled without Radiation Effects
Implicit Body Forces On (0, -9.81, 0) m s-2
Define On Demand velo_calc2 (Incl. Temp) User Defined
Initialisation Function Hook velo_calc6 (Incl. Temp) Boundary Conditions
Zone Condition Value
Material Air fluid.1
Temperature Initialised with 305 K
Material Aluminium
Temperature 300 K
left.2
Wall Roughness Constant 0
Material Aluminium
Temperature 310 K
right.3
Wall Roughness Constant 0
Material Aluminium
Temperature 305 K
top.4, base.5
Wall Roughness Constant 0 Solver Controls
Control Type Value
Equations Flow, Energy, Turbulence, Reynolds stresses
Yes
Time Dependency Time Step 0.2 s
Pressure, Momentum 1 Energy, Body Forces 1 Viscosity, Density 1 Under-relaxation
Reynolds stresses, Kinetic Energy and Dissipation Rate
0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1
Pressure Body Force Weighted
Momentum QUICK Pressure-Velocity Coupling SIMPLEC
Energy Second Order Upwind
Turbulence Kinetic Energy Second Order Upwind Turbulence Dissipation Rate Second Order Upwind Discretization Scheme
Table 16: Lateral convection for a number of k-ε turbulence modelling methods (§4.0). Model Settings
Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit
Viscous Standard k-ε turbulence model Wall Treatment Standard Wall Functions
Heat Transfer Enabled without Radiation Effects Implicit Body Forces On (0, -9.81, 0) m s-2
User Defined No Variable Updating -
Define On Demand velo_calc1 User Defined for velocity
only Initialisation Function Hook velo_calc5 Define On Demand velo_calc4 User Defined for velocity
and temperature Initialisation Function Hook velo_calc6 Adjust Function Hook velo_calc3 User Defined for velocity
only Initialisation Function Hook velo_calc5 Adjust Function Hook velo_calc4 User Defined for velocity
and temperature Initialisation Function Hook velo_calc6 Solver Controls
Control Type Value
Equations Flow, Energy, Turbulence Yes
Time Dependency Time Step 0.2 s
Pressure, Momentum 1 Energy, Body Forces 1 Viscosity, Density 1 Under-relaxation
Turbulent Kinetic Energy and Dissipation Rate 0.1
Pressure Body Force Weighted
Momentum QUICK Pressure-Velocity Coupling SIMPLEC
Energy Second Order Upwind
Turbulence Kinetic Energy Second Order Upwind Discretization Scheme
Table 17: Lateral convection for a number of Reynolds stresses modelling methods (§4.0). Model Settings
Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit
Viscous Reynolds stresses model Standard Wall Functions Wall Treatment
RSM Wall Reflection Effects and Wall B.C. (solve k) Heat Transfer Enabled without Radiation Effects
Implicit Body Forces On (0, -9.81, 0) m s-2 User Defined for no
updates
No Variable Updating -
Define On Demand velo_calc1 User Defined for velocity
only Initialisation Function Hook velo_calc5 Define On Demand velo_calc2 User Defined for velocity
and temperature Initialisation Function Hook velo_calc6 Adjust Function Hook velo_calc3 User Defined for velocity
only Initialisation Function Hook velo_calc5 Adjust Function Hook velo_calc4 User Defined for velocity
and temperature Initialisation Function Hook velo_calc6 Solver Controls
Control Type Value
Equations Flow, Energy, Turbulence and Reynolds stresses
Yes
Time Dependency Time Step 0.2 s
Pressure, Momentum 1 Energy, Body Forces 1 Viscosity, Density 1 Under-relaxation
Reynolds stresses, Kinetic Energy and Dissipation Rate
0.1
Pressure Body Force Weighted
Momentum QUICK Pressure-Velocity Coupling SIMPLEC
Energy Second Order Upwind
Turbulence Kinetic Energy Second Order Upwind Turbulence Dissipation Rate Second Order Upwind Discretization Scheme
Table 18: Gas-liquid flow using the algebraic slip mixture model in §4.0. Model Settings
Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit
Viscous Reynolds stresses model Standard Wall Functions Wall Treatment
RSM Wall Reflection Effects and Wall B.C. (solve k) Algebraic Slip Mixture Model
Primary Phase Water-liquid
Secondary Phase Air
Multiphase
Implicit Body Forces On (0, -9.81) m s-2
No Profile Updating - -
Define On Demand gl2db_calc Profile Updating
Initialisation Function Hook gl2dc_calc Boundary Conditions
Zone Condition Value
Vertical Velocity Component 0.032 m s-1
inlet
Gas Fraction 1
left, right Wall Roughness Constant 0
outlet Gauge Total Pressure 0
Solver Controls
Control Type Value
Equations Flow, Turbulence, Reynolds stresses, Volume Fraction, Slip Velocity
Yes
Time Dependency Time Step 0.1 s
Pressure 0.3 Momentum 0.7 Reynolds stresses, Slip
Velocity, Volume Fraction
0.1 Under-relaxation
Body Forces, Density, k-ε Turbulence, Viscosity
1
Pressure Body Force Weighted
Momentum QUICK Pressure-Velocity Coupling SIMPLEC
Turbulence Models First Order Upwind Discretization Scheme
Table 19: Gas-liquid flow using the modified scalar equation mixture model in §4.0. Model Settings
Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit
Viscous Reynolds stresses model Standard Wall Functions Wall Treatment
RSM Wall Reflection Effects and Wall B.C. (solve k) Mixture Phase for scalar gas-liquid
Primary Phase Water-liquid
Secondary Phase Air
Scalar
Implicit Body Forces On (0, -9.81) m s-2
X-Momentum gl2d_xmom Y-Momentum gl2d_ymom User Defined Sources
Scalar Equation gl2d_vof Adjust Function Hook gl2de_calc Non-Profile Updating
Initialisation Function Hook gl2db_calc Adjust Function Hook gl2dd_calc Define On Demand gl2da_calc Profile Updating Case
Initialisation Function Hook gl2dc_calc
User Defined Memory 0 to 9 16 arrays
Boundary Conditions
Zone Condition Value
Vertical Velocity Component 0.032 m s-1
inlet
Scalar as a Flux 0.6 left, right Wall Roughness Constant 0
outflow Gauge Total Pressure 0
Solver Controls
Control Type Value
Equations Flow, Turbulence, Reynolds stresses, User defined scalar- 0
Yes
Time Dependency Time Step 0.1 s
Pressure 0.3 Momentum 0.7 Reynolds stresses, User
defined scalar-0 0.1 Under-relaxation
Body Forces, Density, k-ε Turbulence, Viscosity
1
Pressure Body Force Weighted
Momentum QUICK Pressure-Velocity Coupling SIMPLEC
Turbulence Models First Order Upwind Discretization Scheme
Table 20: Solid-liquid flow using the algebraic slip mixture model in §5.0. Model Settings
Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit
Viscous Reynolds stresses model Standard Wall Functions Wall Treatment
RSM Wall Reflection Effects and Wall B.C. (solve k) Algebraic Slip Mixture Model
Primary Phase Water-liquid
Secondary Phase Particulate Solid (fluid) Multiphase
Implicit Body Forces On (0, -9.81) m s-2 Profile Updating None
Boundary Conditions
Zone Condition Value
Vertical Velocity Component 0.1 m s-1
Solid Fraction 0.1
Injection Time 0 to 10 seconds inlet
Convert to outflow condition At 10 seconds lefttop, righttop Convert to outflow condition At 10 seconds
wall Wall Roughness Constant 0
Solver Controls
Control Type Value
Equations Flow, Turbulence, Reynolds stresses, Volume Fraction, Slip Velocity
Yes
Time Dependency Time Step 0.1 s
Pressure 0.3 Momentum 0.7 Reynolds stresses, Slip
Velocity, Volume Fraction
0.1 Under-relaxation
Body Forces, Density, k-ε Turbulence, Viscosity
1
Pressure Body Force Weighted
Momentum QUICK Pressure-Velocity Coupling SIMPLEC
Turbulence Models First Order Upwind Discretization Scheme
Table 21: Solid-liquid flow using the modified scalar equation mixture model in §5.0. Model Settings
Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit
Viscous Reynolds stresses model Standard Wall Functions Wall Treatment
RSM Wall Reflection Effects and Wall B.C. (solve k) Mixture Phase for scalar solid-liquid
Primary Phase Water-liquid
Secondary Phase Particulate Solid (fluid) Scalar
Implicit Body Forces On (0, -9.81) m s-2
X-Momentum sl2d_xmom Y-Momentum sl2d_ymom User Defined Sources
Scalar Equation sl2d_vof Adjust Function Hook sl2da_calc Initialisation Function Hook sl2db_calc Other User Defined
Functions
User Defined Memory, 0 to 9 16 arrays Boundary Conditions
Zone Condition Value
Vertical Velocity Component 0.1 m s-1
Scalar as a Flux 0.1 inlet
Injection Time 0 to 10 seconds
wall Wall Roughness Constant 0
Solver Controls
Control Type Value
Equations Flow, Turbulence, Reynolds stresses, User defined scalar- 0
Yes
Time Dependency Time Step 0.1 s
Pressure 0.3 Momentum 0.7 Reynolds stresses, User
defined scalar-0
0.1 Under-relaxation
Body Forces, Density, k-ε Turbulence, Viscosity
1
Pressure Body Force Weighted
Momentum QUICK Pressure-Velocity Coupling SIMPLEC
Turbulence Models First Order Upwind Discretization Scheme
Table 22: Gas-liquid-solid flow for the GLS1 case described in §5.0. Model Settings
Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit Viscous Reynolds stresses Model
Standard Wall Functions Wall Treatment
RSM Wall Reflection Effects and Wall B.C. (solve k) Implicit Body
Forces On (0, -9.81) m s -2
Discrete Phase 1: Gas
G-L Mixture Phase gas-liquid
Primary Phase Water-liquid
Scalar
Secondary Phase Air (fluid)
X-Momentum gl2d_xmom Y-Momentum gl2d_ymom
Scalar Equation gl2d_vof
Adjust Function Hook gl2de_calc Initialisation Function Hook gl2db_calc User Defined
Functions
User Defined Memory 16 arrays Discrete Phase 2: Solid
Primary Phase S-L Mixture Phase
Algebraic Slip
Mixture Model Secondary Phase Solid (fluidized) Boundary Conditions
Zone Condition Value
Vertical Velocity Component 0.1 m s-1
Secondary Phase Fraction 0.1
Injection Time 0 to 10 s
solidinlet
Convert zone from velocity-inlet to
pressure-inlet 20 s
lefttop, righttop Convert zone from velocity-inlet to pressure-inlet
20 s Vertical Velocity Component 0.032 m s-1
Scalar as a Flux Rate 0.6 gasinlet
Injection Time 20 to 200 s
Wall Roughness Constant 0 leftwall, rightwall
Table 23: Gas-liquid-solid flow for the GLS2 case described in §5.0. Model Settings
Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit Viscous Reynolds stresses Model
Standard Wall Functions Wall Treatment
RSM Wall Reflection Effects and Wall B.C. (solve k) Implicit Body
Forces On (0, -9.81) m s -2
Discrete Phase 1: Solid
S-L Mixture Phase solid-liquid
Primary Phase Water-liquid
Scalar
Secondary Phase Particulate Solid (fluid)
X-Momentum sl2d_xmom Y-Momentum sl2d_ymom
Scalar Equation sl2d_vof
Adjust Function Hook sl2da_calc Initialisation Function Hook sl2db_calc User Defined
Functions
User Defined Memory 16 arrays Discrete Phase 2: Gas
Primary Phase G-L Mixture Phase
Algebraic Slip
Mixture Model Secondary Phase Air (fluid) Boundary Conditions
Zone Condition Value
Vertical Velocity Component 0.1 m s-1
Scalar as a Flux 0.1
Injection Time 0 to 10 s
solidinlet
Convert zone from velocity-inlet to
pressure-inlet 20 s
lefttop, righttop Convert zone from velocity-inlet to pressure-inlet
20 s Vertical Velocity Component 0.032 m s-1
Secondary Phase Fraction 1 gasinlet
Injection Time 20 to 200 s
Wall Roughness Constant 0 leftwall, rightwall
Table 24: Solver controls for the GLS1 and GLS2 cases (Table 22 and Table 23). Solver Controls
Control Type Value
Equations Flow, Turbulence, Reynolds stresses, Slip Velocity, Volume Fraction, User defined scalar-0
Yes
Time Dependency Time Step 0.1 s
Pressure 0.3 Momentum 0.7 Reynolds stresses, Slip Velocity,
Volume Fraction, User defined scalar-0
0.1 Under-relaxation
Body Forces, Density, k-ε Turbulence, Viscosity
1
Pressure Body Force Weighted
Momentum QUICK Pressure-Velocity Coupling SIMPLEC
Turbulence Models First Order Upwind Discretization
Scheme
User defined scalar-0, Volume Fraction
Second Order Upwind
Table 25: Solver conditions for the GLS3 case (Table 26). Solver Controls
Control Type Value
Equations Flow, Turbulence, Reynolds stresses, Scalar-0, Scalar-1 (switched off before 20 s)
Yes
Time Depend. Time Step 0.1 s
Pressure 0.3 Momentum 0.7 Reynolds stresses, Scalar-0, Scalar-1
(switched off before 20 s)
0.1 Under-relaxation
Body Forces, Density, k-ε Turbulence, Viscosity
1
Pressure Body Force Weighted
Momentum QUICK Pressure-Velocity Coupling SIMPLEC
Turbulence Models First Order Upwind Discretization
Scheme
Scalar-0, Scalar-1 (switched off before 20 s)
Table 26: Gas-liquid-solid flow for the GLS3 case described in §5.0. Model Settings
Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit Viscous Reynolds stresses Model
Wall Treatment Standard Wall Functions, Wall Reflection Effects & Wall B.C. Implicit Body
Forces
On (0, -9.81) m s-2 Phases
Mixture Phase Subroutines gls2d_mu and gls2d_rho predict the properties
Liquid Phase Water-liquid -
Gas Phase Air (fluid) Scalar-1
Solid Phase Particulate Solid (fluid) Scalar-0
X-Momentum gls2d_xmom Y-Momentum gls2d_ymom Scalar-0 slg2d_vof Scalar-1, not switched on for first 20 s gls2d_vof
Adjust Function Hook gls2da_calc Initialisation Function Hook gls2db_calc User Defined
Functions
User Defined Memory 22 arrays Boundary Conditions
Zone Condition Value
Vertical Velocity Component 0.1 m s-1
Scalar-0 as a Specified Value 0.1
Injection Time 0 to 10 s
solidinlet
Convert zone from velocity-inlet to pressure-inlet
At 20 s lefttop, righttop Convert zone from velocity-inlet to
pressure-inlet
At 20 s
Convert zone velocity inlet to wall Only from 0 to 20 s Vertical Velocity Component 0.032 m s-1
Scalar-1 as a Flux Rate 0.6 gasinlet
Injection Time 20 to 200 s
Wall Roughness Constant 0 leftwall, rightwall
Table 27: Gas-liquid-solid flow and reaction for the 5:1 aspect ratio bubble column. Model Settings
Mesh 5:1 height to diameter aspect ratio mesh, see Table 5 Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit
Viscous Reynolds stresses Model
Wall Treatment Standard Wall Functions, Wall Reflection Effects & Wall B.C. Implicit Body
Forces On (0, -9.81) m s -2
Phases
Mixture Phase Subroutines gls_s1_mu and gls_s1_rho predict the properties
Liquid Phase Water-liquid -
Gas Phase Air (fluid) Scalar-1
Solid Phase Cell culture as a particulate solid Scalar-0
Substrate Solute, molasses Scalar-2
Product Solute, citric acid Scalar-3
X-Momentum gls_s1 xmom Y-Momentum gls_s1 ymom Scalar-0 sol_s1_vof Scalar-1 gas_s1_vof Scalar-2 sub_s1_vof Scalar-3 prod_s1_vof Adjust Function Hook a_gls_s1_calc
Initialisation Function Hook b_gls_s1_calc User Defined
Functions
User Defined Memory 29 arrays Boundary Conditions
Zone Condition Value
Scalar-1 as a Flux Rate 0 outlet
Scalars 0, 2 and 3 as Specified Values 0
Vertical Velocity Component 0.032 m s-1
Scalar-1 as a Flux Rate 0.6 inlet
Scalars 0, 2 and 3 as Specified Values 0 Wall Roughness Constant 0 leftwall, rightwall
Scalars 0-3 as Specified Values 0 Scalar-0 volume fraction initialised as 0.005 fluid.1
Table 28: Gas-liquid-solid flow and reaction for the 5:1 aspect ratio bubble column. Model Settings
Mesh 5:1 height to diameter aspect ratio mesh, see Table 5 Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit
Viscous Reynolds stresses Model
Wall Treatment Standard Wall Functions, Wall Reflection Effects & Wall B.C. Implicit Body
Forces On (0, -9.81) m s -2
Phases
Mixture Phase Subroutines gls_s2_mu and gls_s2_rho predict the properties
Liquid Phase Water-liquid -
Gas Phase Air (fluid) Scalar-1
Solid Phase Cell culture as a particulate solid Scalar-0
Substrate Solute, molasses Scalar-2
Product Solute, citric acid Scalar-3
X-Momentum gls_s2 xmom Y-Momentum gls_s2 ymom Scalar-0 sol_s2_vof Scalar-1 gas_s2_vof Scalar-2 sub_s2_vof Scalar-3 prod_s2_vof Adjust Function Hook a_gls_s2_calc
Initialisation Function Hook b_gls_s2_calc User Defined
Functions
User Defined Memory 29 arrays Boundary Conditions
Zone Condition Value
Scalar-1 as a Flux Rate 0 outlet
Scalars 0, 2 and 3 as Specified Values 0
Vertical Velocity Component 0.032 m s-1
Scalar-1 as a Flux Rate 0.6 inlet
Scalars 0, 2 and 3 as Specified Values 0 Wall Roughness Constant 0 leftwall, rightwall
Scalars 0-3 as Specified Values 0 Scalar-0 volume fraction initialised as 0.005 fluid.1
Table 29: Gas-liquid-solid flow and reaction for the 20:1 aspect ratio bubble column. Model Settings
Mesh 20:1 height to diameter aspect ratio mesh, see Table 11 Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit
Viscous Reynolds stresses Model
Wall Treatment Standard Wall Functions, Wall Reflection Effects & Wall B.C. Implicit Body
Forces On (0, -9.81) m s -2
Phases
Mixture Phase Subroutines gls_s1_mu and gls_s1_rho predict the properties
Liquid Phase Water-liquid -
Gas Phase Air (fluid) Scalar-1
Solid Phase Cell culture as a particulate solid Scalar-0
Substrate Solute, molasses Scalar-2
Product Solute, citric acid Scalar-3
X-Momentum gls_s1 xmom Y-Momentum gls_s1 ymom Scalar-0 sol_s1_vof Scalar-1 gas_s1_vof Scalar-2 sub_s1_vof Scalar-3 prod_s1_vof Adjust Function Hook a_gls_s1_calc
Initialisation Function Hook b_gls_s1_calc User Defined
Functions
User Defined Memory 29 arrays Boundary Conditions
Zone Condition Value
Scalar-1 as a Flux Rate 0 top
Scalars 0, 2 and 3 as Specified Values 0
Vertical Velocity Component 0.036 m s-1
Scalar-1 as a Flux Rate 0.6 bottom
Scalars 0, 2 and 3 as Specified Values 0 Wall Roughness Constant 0 left, right
Scalars 0-3 as Specified Values 0 Scalar-0 volume fraction initialised as 0.005 fluid.1
Table 30: Gas-liquid-solid flow and reaction for the 20:1 aspect ratio bubble column. Model Settings
Mesh 20:1 height to diameter aspect ratio mesh, see Table 11 Time Unsteady, 1st-Order Implicit
Viscous Reynolds stresses Model
Wall Treatment Standard Wall Functions, Wall Reflection Effects & Wall B.C. Implicit Body
Forces On (0, -9.81) m s -2
Phases
Mixture Phase Subroutines gls_s2_mu and gls_s2_rho predict the properties
Liquid Phase Water-liquid -
Gas Phase Air (fluid) Scalar-1
Solid Phase Cell culture as a particulate solid Scalar-0
Substrate Solute, molasses Scalar-2
Product Solute, citric acid Scalar-3
X-Momentum gls_s2 xmom Y-Momentum gls_s2 ymom Scalar-0 sol_s2_vof Scalar-1 gas_s2_vof Scalar-2 sub_s2_vof Scalar-3 prod_s2_vof Adjust Function Hook a_gls_s2_calc
Initialisation Function Hook b_gls_s2_calc User Defined
Functions
User Defined Memory 29 arrays Boundary Conditions
Zone Condition Value
Scalar-1 as a Flux Rate 0 top
Scalars 0, 2 and 3 as Specified Values 0
Vertical Velocity Component 0.036 m s-1
Scalar-1 as a Flux Rate 0.6 bottom
Scalars 0, 2 and 3 as Specified Values 0 Wall Roughness Constant 0 left, right
Scalars 0-3 as Specified Values 0 Scalar-0 volume fraction initialised as 0.005 fluid.1
Table 31: Solver conditions for gas-liquid-solid flow and reaction (Table 27 to Table 30). Solver Controls
Control Type Value
Equations Flow, Turbulence, Reynolds stresses, Scalar 0-3
Yes
Time Depend. Time Step 0.1 s
Pressure 0.3 Momentum 0.7 Reynolds stresses, Scalar 0-4 0.1
Under-relaxation
Body Forces, Density, k-ε Turbulence, Viscosity
1
Pressure Body Force Weighted
Momentum QUICK Pressure-Velocity Coupling SIMPLEC
Turbulence Models First Order Upwind Discretization
Scheme