THE SPATIAL PATTERN OF EVKA 3 PROJECT IN BORNOVA REGION

İzmir Great Municipality has undertaken some activities in the field of house construction since 1984. An important activity was the foundation of a new settlement project in a squatter housing region of Buca-Tınaztepe. The municipality owned this region. The mass housing found supported this project within the frame of 2985 numbered law. EVKA Project was started by the coordination of the municipality with the izbevka yapı kooperatifi in 1985.

The sites suitable for mass housing were searched. It was decided that the two areas one in Buca (215 hectare) and the other in Karşıyaka (118 hectare) were appropriate for settling. Infrastructure projects were supported by the fund of infrastructure. After some research on social housing examples, a prototype project (60m2) was applied in 1985. This was presented in İzmir Fair. The project was named EVKA, house earning (‘ev kazandırma’) (İBŞB; 1988).

The Evka-3 project will be examined within the frame of this thesis. Evka 3 settlement composed of 1408 houses and 6000 people in population. (Avşar, 1988) Mass housing area is planned at an area owned by the Municipality in Erzene district, Bornova, İzmir. This area was declared as mass housing area by the circular of İzmir Government dated 9.1.1987 and numbered 14/710. It is 13 km to İzmir city centre.

(Fig.59, 60,61) (Table 4,5)

Fig. 59. Evka 3, Mass Housing Area, Izbevka Konut Kooperatifi Archive

Fig. 60. Evka 3, L & K Apartment Type, Izbevka Konut Kooperatifi Archive Fig. 61. Evka 3, N &M Apartment Type, Izbevka Konut Kooperatifi Archive

Fig. 62. Evka 3-D Image, Yeşim Özgen Archive

The cooperatives; room) (Koç, 2002; Evka 2 Yapı Kooperatif Kayıtları). (Fig.62, 63, 64,65,66)

When the spatial pattern of mass housing that is briefly defined above is analyzed;

 In the “conceptual analysis” category, the housing fits the definition of mass housing or satellite town, which was built on the urban periphery after 1980’s.

 In “legal analysis”, which is manifest in the ‘land-use’ schema of Evka 3 mass housing, the settlement of 4608 populations, has an insufficient social equipment area. The trade center even located in the center and has easy access, lack the sufficient size and location. While proposing a public use, the way it is squeezed in the housing blocks and the lack of outdoor space is negative. The educational area is located in the southwest whose location and accessibility is in efficient. Generally, it is observed that the distribution of public space is not considered with respect to the ditrubition and density of private spaces. The green area per person is determined as 5,42 is not sufficient enough. While the quantity is insufficient, in qualitative means, the green area is located around the two floor blocks, which created an unequal distribution. There exist a mixed use in the site. The northwest of the settlement includes type ‘K’ “back-to-back semi detached” houses. They have green areas, which provides the potential of private and semi-public use. The partment blocks of “N”,”L&M” types are not designed in a specific pattern or order. The semi-private areas where the blocks are situated are excess areas.

Fig. 63., Fig. 64. Evka 3 Mass Housing Areas, Izbevka Konut Kooperatifi Archive,

Fig. 65., Fig. 66. Evka 3; Front And Back Yards From The Blocks, Semi-Public And Semi Private Spaces, Yeşim Ozgen Archive

 In “physical analysis” there exists four categories. Four plan types are applied in in the “housing typology” category. “K” type tripleks, back-to back-semidetached houses, located in the north wet of settlement are constructed homogenously. The blocks of “N”, “L&M” type are five storeys high. Even the height of the apartment blocks are the same, there is not observed a specific design criteria. Neither the relations of blocks with public area nor the blocks with housing units are taken into consideration. In the

”circulation pattern” analysis, where the road hierarchies are of concern, there does not exist a homogenius distrubution of roads. However, the main road, which is also the road of public transportation system, provided an equal acess to all sides of the site. What is observed here is that, the vehicle road is much significant than the pedestrian. The 2^nd and 3^rd. degree roads are joined with the main road. The “K” type triplex houses whose distrubiton of green area is equal, wthe regard to their location to street, they diplay differing uses. The front yard facing the main road and the ones facintg the 3^rd degree road and green show different kinds of spatial use and feature. The other areas where the other types are located have a lack of public green and have weak relationships with each other. In general there is distrubution form five spots. As it is seen in the “pedestrian network” analysis, there is no positivity other than prvision of equal acess. As there is no public area provided for the housing, consequently there is not any pedestrian traffic.

Only distribution form the bus stop to housing blocks is considered. In another words, the emphasis is on transportation. In the ”circulation pattern”

analysis, where the road hierarchies are of concern, there does not exist a homogenius distrubution of roads. However, the main road, which is also the road of public transportation system, provided an equal acess to all sides.