CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
Stage 1. Stage 1 Passed on 08/26/12 (Ref # 6539849) Required Modules
Date
Completed Score
Belmont Report and CITI Course Introduction 08/25/12 3/3 (100%)
Students in Research 08/25/12 8/10 (80%)
History and Ethical Principles - SBR 08/26/12 4/5 (80%)
Defining Research with Human Subjects - SBR 08/26/12 4/5 (80%)
The Regulations and The Social and Behavioral Sciences - SBR 08/26/12 4/5 (80%)
Assessing Risk in Social and Behavioral Sciences - SBR 08/26/12 5/5 (100%)
Informed Consent - SBR 08/26/12 5/5 (100%)
The University of Southern Mississippi 08/25/12 no quiz
Unanticipated Problems and Reporting Requirements in Social and Behavioral Research
08/26/12 3/3 (100%)
For this Completion Report to be valid, the learner listed above must be affiliated with a CITI participating institution. Falsified information and unauthorized use of the CITI course site is unethical, and may be considered scientific misconduct by your institution.
Paul Braunschweiger Ph.D. Professor, University of Miami
Director Office of Research Education CITI Course Coordinator
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
LETTER OF REQUEST FOR PERMISSION
Department of Educational Studies and Research 118 College Drive #5093 | Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
February 8, 2015
Dr. Paul Spector
Department of Psychology PCD 4138
University of South Florida Tampa, Florida 33620
Dr. Spector,
Greetings! I hope this letter finds you well. My name is Evingerlean D. Blakney and I am PhD candidate at The University of Southern Mississippi. I anticipate graduating December 2015, and for my dissertation I will be conducting research on job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction of entry-level college and university housing professional at historically black colleges and universities.
As a move forward with my research, I am reaching out to you to solicit permission to utilize the Job Satisfaction Scale for data collection. I will upload the scale to Qualtrics, an online survey tool, and generate a link to send out to participants. As I have shared my plan for use of the JSS, may I have your permission to use the JSS to collect data for my dissertation? Please note that I have read and fully understand the conditions for sharing results as indicated on your website
(http://shell.cas.usf.edu/~pspector/scales/jsspag.html).
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future. Thank you for your time and attention to this message.
Regards,
Evingerlean D. Blakney, M.Ed. Doctoral Candidate
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
EMAIL AND ELECTRONIC LETTER OF CONSENT Greetings,
You are being invited to participate in a survey to examine the job satisfaction of entry-level residence life professionals at historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). The purpose of this study was to find out what factors contribute most to the job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction of entry-level housing professionals at HBCUs. Further, this study seeks to find out if there is a difference in satisfaction based on public or private HBCU and gender. The electronic survey consists of 36 questions that should take roughly 20-25 minutes to complete.
As a result of this study, you may become more aware of your experiences and levels of satisfaction in the workplace. Implications from this research were shared senior residence life professionals at HBCUs such that they can provide their staff with for services and support. There are no foreseeable risks for participants of this study and participation is completely voluntary. Participants may decline participation or to discontinue participation at any time without concern of penalty, prejudice or negative consequences.
All information shared with the researcher were kept private and confidential. Only the researcher will have access to the data. The transcripts may be kept up to two years to facilitate data analysis and then they will then be destroyed. No specific institution or school were identified in the reports. Any identifying information inadvertently obtained were kept confidential. Data collected were combined and reports were potentially submitted for journal publication and/or conference presentation.
If you have questions concerning this research, please contact Evingerlean D. Blakney at [email protected]. The Institutional Review Board of the University of Southern Mississippi, which ensures that research projects involving human subjects follow federal regulations, has reviewed this project. Any questions or concerns about your rights as a research participant should be directed to the Chair of the Institutional Review Board, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5147, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0001, (601) 266-6820.
Thank you in advance for your participation and support. Deepest regards,
Evingerlean D. Blakney, M.Ed. Doctoral Candidate
Higher Education Administration The University of Southern Mississippi
APPENDIX F
ONLINE QUESTIONNAIRE Part One: Job Satisfaction Survey
For statements 1-36, please select a value that best describes your opinion about the statement.
Copyright © 1994, Paul E. Spector
Disagree Very Much Disagree Moderately Disagree Slightly Agree Slightly Agree Moderately Agree Very Much 1 2 3 4 5 6 I feel I am paid a fair amount to do work
There is really too little chance for promotion on my job
My supervisor is quite competent in doing his/her job I am not satisfied with the benefits I
receive When I do a good job, I receive recognition for it that I should receive. Many of our rules and procedures make doing a good job difficult.
I like the people I
work with.
I sometimes feel my job is meaningless. Communications seem good within this organization. Raises are few and
Disagree Very Much Disagree Moderately Disagree Slightly Agree Slightly Agree Moderately Agree Very Much 1 2 3 4 5 6
Those who do well on the job stand a fair chance of being promoted.
My supervisor is unfair to me. The benefits we receive are as good as most other organizations offer.
I do not feel that the work I do is
appreciated. My efforts to do a good job are seldom blocked by red tape.
I find I have to work harder at my job because of the incompetence of people I work with.
I like doing things I do at work. The goals of this organization are not clear to me. I feel unappreciated by the organization when I think about what they pay me.
People get ahead as fast here as they do in other places. My supervisor
shows too little interest in the feelings of the subordinates.
The benefit
Disagree Very Much Disagree Moderately Disagree Slightly Agree Slightly Agree Moderately Agree Very Much 1 2 3 4 5 6 equitable.
There are too few rewards for those who work here. I have too much work to do at work. I enjoy my
coworkers.
I often feel that I do not know what is going on with the organization.
I feel a sense of pride in doing my
job.
I feel satisfied with my chances for
salary increases. There are benefits we do have which we should have. I like my supervisor.
I have too much
paperwork.
I don't feel my efforts are
rewarded the way they should be.
I am satisfied with my chances for
promotion.
There is too much bickering and
fighting at work. My job is enjoyable.
Work assignments are not fully
Part Two: General Information
For the following statements, please select a value that best describes your opinion about the statement.
Marital Status
Single
Married
Divorced
Widowed
What is your race/ethnicity?
African American/Black Asian/ Pacific Islander Caucasian/White Hispanic Native American Other Salary Below $19,000 $20,000 - $29,000 $30,000 - $39,000 $40,000 - $49,000 $50,000 or More
What are you living arrangements? I live in a residence hall
I live on-campus, but not in a residence hall I do not live on campus
In which state is your institution located? Alabama Mississippi Louisiana North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Virginia Kentucky Ohio Pennsylvania Tennessee Texas
U.S. Virgin Islands West Virginia
Other
How many students currently live on campus?
1-500 501-1000 1001-2000 2001-3000 3001-4000 4001-5000 5001 or Above What is your gender?
Female
What is your highest level of education? High School Diploma
Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree Master's Degree Doctorate Degree
At what type of HBCU are you currently employed?
Public
Private
How many years of professional residence life experience do you have? 3 Years or Less
4-9 Years
10-14 Years
15-19 Years
REFERENCES
Anderson, J. D. (1988). The education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Anderson, J. E. (1998). A comparison of female and male senior student affairs
officers’ job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and inter-role conflict (Doctoral
dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 9839532).
Anderson, J. E., Guido‐DiBrito, F., & Morrell, J. S. (2000). Factors that influence satisfaction for student affairs administrators. New Directions for Institutional
Research, 2000(105), 99-110.
Awokoya, J., & Mann, T. (2011). Students speak!: Understanding the values of
HBCUs from perspectives. Fairfax, VA: UNCF/ Frederick D. Patterson
Research Institute.
Bailey, E. A. (1997). Herzberg's job satisfaction-job dissatisfaction theory
revisited: A national study of its application to chief housing officers in higher education (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and
Theses. (UMI No. 304369387).
Barr, M.J. (2003). Legal foundations of student affairs practice. In S.R. Komives, D.B. Woodard Jr., & Associates (Eds.), Student services: A handbook for the
profession 4th edition (pp.128-152). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Banning, J. H., & Kuk, L. (2011). College housing dissertations: A qualitative meta-study. The Journal of Residence Life, 37(2), 90-105.
Blank, W. E. (1993). Factors associated with job satisfaction and dissatisfaction
among college student affairs professional staff (Unpublished doctoral
dissertation). University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO.
Bliming, G. S., & Whitt, E. J. (1999). Good practice in student affairs: Principles
to foster student learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Borreson, B.D. (1950). The role of student housing in education. In E.G.
Williamson. (Ed.), Trends in student personnel work 2nd edition (pp. 243-
251). Minneapolis, MN: The University of Minnesota Press.
Brown II, M. C. (2013). The declining significance of historically Black colleges an universities: Relevance, reputation, and reality in Obamamerica. Journal of
Negro Education, 82(1), 3-19.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
Brown, II. M. C., & Davis, J. E. (2001). The historically black college as a social contract, social capital, and social equalizer. Peabody Journal of Education,
(76)1, 31-49.
Brown II, M. C., Donahoo, S., Bertrand, R.D. (2001). The Black college and the quest for educational opportunity. Urban Education, 36(5), 553-571.
Bruce, W. M. & Blackburn, J. W. (1992). Balancing job satisfaction & performance:
A guide for human resource professionals. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
Brunsma, D. L., Placier, P., & Brown, E. (2012). Teaching race at historically White colleges and universities: Identifying and dismantling the walls of whiteness.
Casey, J. L. (2009). Determinants of resident assistant job satisfaction in
privatized university housing. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 205432796).
Chandler, E.M. (1973). Student affairs administration in transition. In A. L. Rentz (Ed.), Student affairs: A professions heritage 2nd edition (pp. 396-405).
Lanham, MD: University Press of America, Incorporated.
Chickering, A. W. (1974). Commuting versus resident students: Overcoming
educational inequalities of living off campus. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-
Bass.
Cook, J. L. (2006). The interrelationship among job satisfaction/dissatisfaction of
student affairs professionals and selected demographic variables (Doctoral
dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 304965466)
Dammen, A.H. (1950). Residence halls for students. In E.G. Williamson.
(Ed.), Trends in student personnel work, (pp. 252-259). Minneapolis, MN: The University of Minnesota Press.
Davidson, D. L. (2009). National job satisfaction of entry- and mid-level student
affairs professionals (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest
Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 304845999)
Drewry, H. N., Humphrey, D., Anderson, S. H. (2001). Stand and prosper: Private
Black colleges and their students. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Education Facilities Laboratories. (1972). Student housing: A report from
Education Facilities Laboratories. (1977). Housing for new types of students: A
report from education facilities laboratories. New York, NY: Educational
Facilities Laboratories.
Evans, A. L., Evans, V., Evans, & Evans, A. M. (2002). Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUS). Education,123, 3-16.
Evans, N. J., Forney, D. S., & Guido-DiBrito, F. (1998). Student development in
college: Theory, research, and practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Franek, M., & Vecera, J. (2008). Personal characteristics and job satisfaction. E & M
Ekonomie a Management, 11, 63-76.
Frederiksen, C. F. (1993). A brief history of collegiate housing. In R. B. Winston, Jr. & S. Anchors (Eds.), Student housing and residential life (pp. 167-184). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Gasman, M., & Palmer, R. (2008). “It takes a village to raise a child”: The role of social capital in promoting academic success for Black men at a Black college. The Journal of College Student Development, 49(1), 52-70.
Guest, R. H., Hersey P., & Blanchard, K. (1977). Organizational change through
effective leadership. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Hamrick, F.A., Evans, N. J., Schuh, J. H. (2002). Foundations of student affairs
practice: How philosophy, theory, and research strengthen educational outcomes. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
HBCU Lifestyle. (2015). List of historically Black colleges and universities. Retrieved\ from http://hbculifestyle.com/list-of-hbcu-schools/
Henne, D., & Locke, E. A. (1985). Job dissatisfaction: What are the consequences?.
International Journal of Psychology, 20(2), 221-240.
Hersey P., & Blanchard, K. (1972). Management of organizational behavior:
Utilizing human resources. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Hersey P., & Blanchard, K. (1982). Management of organizational behavior:
Utilizing human resources. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Herzberg, F. (1966). Work and the nature of man. New York, NY: World Publishing.
Herzberg, F. (1976a). The managerial choice: To be efficient and to be human. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin.
Herzberg, F. (1976b). One more time: How do you motivate employees?. In M.M. Grunberg (Ed.) Job satisfaction—A reader (pp. 17-32). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Herzberg, F. (1990). One more time: How do you motivate employees? In V. H. Vroom (Ed.), Manage people, not personnel (pp. 49-75). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing Division.
Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman. B. B. (1959). The motivation to work
(2nd ed.). New York, NY: John Wiliey & Sons.
Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman. B. B. (1993). The motivation to work. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Hitt, F. J. (2003). Leadership frame use and job satisfaction of private postsecondary
staff. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and
Hirt, J. B. (2006). Where you work matters: Student Affairs administration at
different types of institutions. Boulder, CA: University Press of America.
Hirt, J. B. (2009). The importance of institutional mission. In G. S. McClellan, J. Stringer, & Associates (Eds.), The handbook of student affairs
administration 3rd edition (pp. 19–40). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Hirt, J. B., Strayhorn, T. L., Amelink, C. T., & Bennett, B. R. (2006). The nature of student affairs work at historically Black colleges and universities. Journal of
College Student Development, 47(6), 661-676. DOI: 10.1353/csd.2006.0067.
Hubbard, D. (2006). The color of our classroom, the color of our future.
Academe, 92(6), 27-29.
Hutchens, N. H. (2011). Systems governance. In R. Fossey, K. B. Melear, & J. C. Beckham (Eds.), Contemporary issues in higher education law 2nd edition
(pp. 19-36). Dayton, OH: Education Law Association.
Jennings II, S.A. (2005). The relationship between residence hall director job
satisfaction and attrition (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest
Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 305350393).
Kalleberg, A. L. (1977). Work values and job rewards: A theory of job satisfaction.
American Sociological Review, 42, 124-143.
Kaplin, W. & Lee, B. (2009). A legal guide for student affairs professionals
(second edition). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kieffer, C. H. (2003). An examination of strategic leadership styles in campus
housing (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and
Kim, M. M., & Conrad, C. F. (2006). The impact of historically black colleges on the academic success of Black students. Research in Higher Education,
47(4), 399-427.
Kuh, G. D. (1983). Understanding student affairs organizations. San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass.
LeBlanc, C.W. (2001). State of the HBCUs. New Crisis, 108(5), 46.
Llyod-Jones, E.M., & Smith, M.R. (1938). A student personnel program for higher
education. New York, NY; McGraw-Hill Book Company, Incorporated.
Locke, E. A. (1969). What is job satisfaction? Organizational Behavior and Human
Performance, 4, 309-336.
Locke, E. A. (1970). Job satisfaction and job performance: A theoretical analysis.
Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 5(5), 484-500.
Lombardi, R. T. (2013). Examining the impact of fit on the job satisfaction of
midlevel managers in student affairs (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from
ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 1346192980).
Lucas, C. J. (2006). American higher education: A history, second edition. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan.
Mawdsley, R.D. (2011). Private colleges and universities. In R. Fossey, K. B. Melear, & J. C. Beckham (Eds.), Contemporary issues in higher education
Messer-Roy, S. (2006). Job satisfaction of emerging and mid-level residential life
professionals employed at 4-year institutions in the southeastern United States (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and
Theses. (UMI No. 304980519)
Millis, M. (1993). The role of the middle manager. In M.J. Barr (Ed), The handbook of
student affairs administration (pp. 34-48). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Moore, D.R., & Bishop, W.H. (1975). The history and purpose of ACUHO-I (4th ed). Columbus, OH : Association of College and University Housing
Officers-International.
Morris, R. J. A. (2009). Perceived effectiveness of hall director leadership style
on the satisfaction of resident assistants in Mississippi (Doctoral dissertation).
Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 305001310). Mulki, J. P., Jaramillo, J. F., & Locander, W. B. (2008). Effect of ethical climate on
turnover intention: Linking attitudinal- and stress theory. Journal of Business
Ethics, 78, 559-574.
Mulki, J. P., Jaramillo, J. F., & Locander, W. B. (2009). Critical role of leadership on ethical climate and salesperson behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 86, 125-141.
Northouse, P. G. (2001). Leadership, theory, and practice, second edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Ohrbach, B. M. (1995). All things are possible: Pass the word. New York, NY: Crown Publishing Group.
Onofrietti, J. M. (2000). Resident assistant stress, job satisfaction and
persistence (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations
and Theses. (UMI No. 304584987).
Outcalt, C., & Cox, T. (2002). Involvement, interaction, and satisfaction: The human environment at hbcus. The Review of Higher Education, 23(3), 331- 347.
Parker, C.A. (1974). Student development: What does it mean?. In A. L. Rentz (Ed.), Student affairs: A professions heritage 2nd edition (pp. 406-420).
Lanham, MD: University Press of America, Incorporated.
Pifer, A. J. (1973). The higher education of Blacks in the United States. New York, NY: Carnegie Corporation of New York.
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896).
Powell, J.R., Plyer, S.A., Dickson, B.A., & McClellan, S.D. (1969). The personnel
assistant in college residence halls. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Rhatigan, J, J. (2009). From the people up: A brief history of student affairs administration. In G.S. McClellan, J. Stringer, and Associates (Eds.), The
handbook of student affairs administration (pp. 3-18). San Francisco, CA:
Jossey-Bass.
Riker, H. C. (1965). College housing as learning centers. Washington, DC: American College Personnel Association.
Rippey, D. (1981). What is student development? Washington, D.C.: American Association of Community and Junior Colleges.
Schuh, J. H. (1996). Residence halls. In A. L. Rentz (Ed.), Student affairs practice in
higher education, (pp. 269-295). Springfield. IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher,
Ltd.
Spector, P. E. (1985). Measurement of human service staff satisfaction:
Development of the job satisfaction survey. American Journal of Community
Psychology, 13, 693-713.
Spector, P. E. (1994). Job satisfaction survey. Retrieved from http://shell.cas.usf.edu/~pspector/scales/jssovr.html
Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes, and
consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Spokane, A. R. (1996). Holland's theory. In D. Brown, & L. Brooks (Eds.), career
choice and development (pp. 33-74). San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass.
Taylor, M. G. (2000). The relationship between selected variables and level of job