Steering system
ER 5.4.1 Steering systems shall be designed, constructed and installed in order to allow the transmission of steering loads under foreseeable operating conditions.
ER 5.4.2 Emergency arrangements - Sailboat and single-engined inboard powered motor boats with remote-controlled rudder steering systems shall be provided with emergency means of steering the craft at reduced speed.
Harmonised standards:
BS EN 28847:1989/A1:2000 (ISO 8847) Small craft - Steering gear-wire rope and pulley systems
BS EN 28848:1993/A1:2000 (ISO 8848) Small craft - Remote steering systems BS EN ISO 10592:1994/A1:2000 Small craft - Hydraulic steeri ng
BS EN 29775:1993/A1:2000 (ISO 9775:1990) Small craft - Steering gear - max. 40 kW BS EN ISO 13929:2001 Small craft - Steering gear - Geared link systems
The standards are recommendations for construction and testing of systems and are for use mainly by steering gear manufacturers. The standards listed, with exception of BS EN 28847, are not included on the CDRom: they can be obtained from BSI or BMF Technical Department. Emergency steering is deemed to be for manual control of the rudder.
Navigation lights
ER 5.7 Where navigation lights are fitted, they shall comply with the 1972 COLREGS or CEVNI regulations, as appropriate.
Navigation lights fitted must comply with the 1972 COLREGS or CEVNI regulations as required to the satisfaction of the appropriate authority of the state whose flag the vessel is entitled to fly. Guidance on this is available in various documents and a harmonised standard may be produced.
Discharge prevention and toilet installations
ER 5.8 Craft shall be constructed so as to prevent the accidental discharge of pollutants (oil, fuel, etc) overboard.
Craft fitted with toilets shall have either: (a) holding tanks; or
(b) provision to fit holding tanks.
Craft with permanently installed holding tanks shall be fitted with a standard discharge connection to enable pipes of reception facilities to be connected with the craft discharge pipeline.
In addition, any through-the-hull pipes for human waste shall be fitted with valves, which are capable of being sealed shut.
Harmonised standard: BS EN ISO 8099:2000 Small craft - Waste water retention and treatment - Toilet retention systems
Note that “sealed shut” means that the valve cannot be opened to discharge overboard without breaking a seal or unlocking a mechanical device.
Provision to fit holding tanks means that craft should be capable of the installation of a permanent holding tank.
Standard discharge connection to be fitted is shown in BS EN ISO 8099.
Seacocks and through-hull fittings
ER 3.4 Openings in hull (last paragraph) - Through hull fittings designed to allow water passage into the hull or out of the hull, below the waterline corresponding to the manufacturer’s
maximum recommended load according to section 3.6, shall be fitted with shutoff means which shall be readily accessible.
Harmonised standard: BS EN ISO 9093 Small Craft - Seacocks and through-hull fittings Part 1:1997 Metallic
Part 2:2002 Non-Metallic
The harmonised seacock standards, BS EN ISO 9093 Part 1 and Part 2, set requirements for the manufacture of seacocks from metal or plastic. They also include some requirements for the installation of seacocks that are relevant to boat builders. A summary of some of these installation requirements is given in the notes below:
• Materials for fittings and fastenings, such as screws, shall be corrosion resistant and the
combination selected to avoid galvanic action.
• Hose ends shall be secured to fittings with double clamps if the through hull fitting is
below the waterline or within 300 mm of the waterline for sailing boats or 150mm for motorboats.
• The position of seacocks must be such that they are readily accessible
• Seacocks must be securely fastened to permit easy operation without damage to the hull
structure or seacocks or loss of watertight integrity. If necessary the hull shall be
reinforced to prevent local lost of strength. In sandwich boats the core material shall be replaced by a solid core in way of the fitting (or changed to single-skin).
The owners manual must include information on the position of seacocks, the operating instructions (unless self-evident and/or marked on the seacock itself) and include a note
recommending that seacocks are kept closed when not needed for operation to minimise risk of flooding.
Liferaft stowage
ER 3.7 All craft of categories A and B, and craft of categories C and D longer than six metres shall be provided with one or more stowage points for liferaft (s) large enough to hold the number of persons the boat was designed to carry as recommended by the manufacturer. This (these) stowage point(s) shall be readily accessible at all times.
Note that the words stowage point(s) have been interpreted to mean any space or surface in or on the craft. The boat builder is only required to provide a suitable point or space for the liferaft: the actual equipment and fittings may be provided by others.
Craft over 13.7 metres (45’) come under the Merchant Shipping (LSA: Small Ships) Regulations and awareness of these requirements and exemptions should be sought.
There are standards for liferafts including ISO standards: the ISO 9650 series covers offshore and coastal liferafts. Contact BMF Technical Department for further information.
Part 13 AIRBORNE NOISE (SOUND) ASSESSMENT
Essential requirements for airborne noise emissions
Recreational craft with inboard or stern drive engines without integral exhaust, personal
watercraft and outboard engines and stern drive engines with integral exhaust shall comply with the following essential requirements for noise emissions.
Noise emission levels
Recreational craft with inboard or stern drive engines without integral exhaust, personal
watercraft and outboard engines and stern drive engines with integral exhaust shall be designed, constructed and assembled so that noise emissions measured in accordance with tests defined in the harmonised standard BS EN ISO 14509 Small craft – Measurement of
airborne sound emitted by powered recreational craft shall not exceed the limit values in the following table:
Single Engine Power in kW
Maximum Sound Pressure Level LpASmaxin dB
P N≤ 10 67
10 < P N≤40 72
P N> 40 75
where P N= rated engine power in kW at rated speed
and L pASmax= maximum sound pressure level in dB.
For twin- and multiple-engine units of all engine types an allowance of 3 dB may be applied. This test is relatively straightforward to conduct when the wind and wave conditions are favourable, but does require the use of specialist sound measuring equipment. Typically the sound measurement would be conducted by a Notified Body or sub-contracted specialists that are acceptable to the Notified body.
As an alternative to sound measurement tests, recreational craft with inboard engine
configuration or stern drive engine configuration, without integral exhaust, shall be deemed to
comply with these noise requirements if they have a Froude number of ≤1.1 and a Power
Displacement ratio of ≤40 and where the engine and exhaust system are installed in accordance
with the engine manufacturer's specifications.
“Froude number” shall be calculated by dividing the maximum boat speed V (m/s) by the square
root of the waterline length LWL(m) multiplied by gravitational constant, g = 9.8 m/s2
) . (g LWL
V
“Power Displacement ratio” shall be calculated by dividing the engine power P (kW) by the boat's displacement D (t) = P/D
As a further alternative to sound measurement tests, recreational craft with inboard or stern drive engine configurations without integral exhaust, shall be deemed to comply with these noise requirements if their key design parameters are the same as or compatible with those of a certified reference boat to tolerances specified in the harmonised standard, ISO 14509-2.
“Certified reference boat” shall mean a specific combination of hull/inboard engine or stern drive engine without integral exhaust that has been found to comply with the noise emission requirements, when measured in accordance with BS EN ISO 14509, and for which all appropriate key design parameters and sound level measurements have been included subsequently in the published list of certified reference boats.
Owner’s Manual
For recreational craft with inboard engine or stern drive engines with or without integral exhaust and personal watercraft, the Owner's Manual required under Annex I.A Section 2.5, shall include information necessary to maintain the craft and exhaust system in a condition that, insofar as is practicable, will ensure compliance with the specified noise limit values when in normal use.
For outboard engines, the Owner's Manual required under Annex I.B.4 shall provide instructions necessary to maintain the outboard engine in a condition, that insofar as is practicable, will ensure compliance with the specified noise limit values when in normal use.
Part 14 MANUFACTURE OF MARINE ENGINES
Essential requirements for exhaust emissions from propulsion engines
Propulsion engines shall comply with the following essential requirements for exhaust emissions. Engine identification
Each engine shall be clearly marked with the following information:
• engine manufacturer's trademark or trade-name,
• engine type, engine family, if applicable,
• a unique engine identification number,
• CE marking, if required under Article 10 (see Notes below).
These marks must be durable for the normal life of the engine and must be clearly legible and indelible. If labels or plates are used, they must be attached in such a manner that the fixing is durable for the normal life of the engine, and the labels/plates cannot be removed without destroying or defacing them.
These marks must be secured to an engine part necessary for normal engine operation and not normally requiring replacement during the engine life.
These marks must be located so as to be readily visible to the average person after the engine has been assembled with all the components necessary for engine operation.
Exhaust emission requirements
Propulsion engines shall be designed, constructed and assembled so that when correctly installed and in normal use, emissions shall not exceed the limit values obtained from the following table:
Type Carbon Monoxide CO = A + B/PNng/kWh Hydrocarbons HC = A + B/P g/kWh Nitrogen oxides NOxg/kWh Particulates PT g/kWh A B n A B n Two-stroke
spark ignition 150.0 600.0 1.0 30.0 100.0 0.75 10.0 applicableNot
Four-stroke
spark ignition 150.0 600.0 1.0 6.0 50.0 0.75 15.0 applicableNot
Compression
ignition 5.0 0 0 1.5 2.0 0.5 9.8 1.0
Where A, B and n are constants in accordance with the table, PNis the rated engine power in kW
and the exhaust emissions are measured in accordance with the harmonised standard BS EN ISO 8178-1:1996 Contact BMF Technical Department for details.
The reference fuels to be used for the emissions test for engines fuelled with petrol and diesel shall be as specified in Directive 98/69/EC (Annex IX, Tables 1 and 2), and f or those engines fuelled with Liquefied Petroleum Gas as specified in Directive 98/77/EC.
Contact BMF Technical Department for details of these directives.
Durability
The manufacturer of the engine shall supply engine installation and maintenance instructions, which if applied should mean that the engine in normal use will continue to comply with the above limits throughout the normal life of the engine and under normal conditions of use.
This information shall be obtained by the engine manufacturer by use of prior endurance testing, based on normal operating cycles, and by calculation of component fatigue so that the necessary maintenance instructions may be prepared by the manufacturer and issued wit h all new engines when first placed on the market.
The normal life of the engine is considered to mean:
(a) inboard or stern drive engines with or without integral exhaust: 480 hours or 10 years, whichever occurs first;
(b) personal watercraft engines: 350 hours or 5 years, whichever occurs first; (c) outboard engines: 350 hours or 10 years, whichever occurs first.
Owner’s Manual
Each engine shall be provided with an Owner's Manual in the Community language or languages, which may be determined by the Member State in which the engine is to be marketed. This manual shall:
(a) provide instructions for the installation and maintenance needed to assure the proper functioning of the engine to meet the requirements for Durability;
(b) specify the power of the engine when measured in accordance with the harmonised standard BS EN ISO 8665. For details of this standard contact BMF Technical Department.
Notes:
Inboard and sterndrive engines are not subject to the Machinery Directive, but are referred to in the Essential Requirements of the Recreational Craft Directive, particularly those covering Owner’s Manual, Handling Characteristics, Inboard engine installation, Fuel system and Electrical system.
CE marking is required on outboard engines and stern drive engines with integral exhaust. Conforming document(s) shall be supplied by the manufacturer/supplier of the engine.
Outboard engines
ER 5.1.4 All boats with outboard engines shall have a device to prevent starting the engine in gear, except:
(a) when the engine produces less than 500 Newtons (N) of static thrust;
(b) when the engine has a throttle limiting device to limit thrust to 500 N at the time of starting the engine.
Relevant standard: BS EN ISO 11547:1995/A1:2000 Small craft – Start-in-gear protection Outboard engines will conform to the exhaust and sound emission requirements and be CE marked accordingly.
Part 15 MANUFACTURE OF COMPONENTS
Certain components are specifically mentioned in the Directive, and listed in Annex II:
"-whereas the essential requirements constitute the criteria by which recreational craft, partly completed craft and their components when separate and when installed must comply".
The certification requirements imply third party intervention, which has to take place before the component is placed on the market. However, in the case of all components below (with the exception of ignition protected equipment) made specifically by or for the craft builder, the conformity assessment may be made by the craft builder with an Annex IIIb declaration. Such components are not CE marked: this is covered under the CE marking of the craft.
CE marking for Directive 94/25/EC and 2003/44/EC is only permitted for components listed in Annex II.
Manufacturers of components listed in Annex II for placing on the market for incorporation in a recreational craft must ensure that these components meet the compliance requirements listed above, as relevant for the component, and CE mark them to show compliance.
Installation of components by the boat builder must be in accordance with the component
manufacturer’s instructions. Any variation to such must be made with the manufacturer's written agreement unless the responsible person is satisfied that the installation is in accordance with the ERs and is prepared to accept full responsibility.
Note: where standards listed below are not highlighted, they are not available on the CDRom. They are available on request to BSI or for BMF members via [email protected] The following components are subject to Annex II of Directive 94/25/EC (and 2003/44/EC when in force):
Ignition protected equipment for inboard and stern drive engines.
Any electrical equipment on a petrol inboard or sterndrive engine must be ignition protected. Accordingly any electrical items manufactured for use on these engines, e.g. alternators, etc, must be ignition protected and sold as components in accordance with this Annex. Other electrical items that are intended to be used in petrol engine compartments or petrol fuel tank
compartments, such as electric blower fans or electric bilge pumps, must also be treated as a component in accordance with this annex and comply with the relevant parts of the Directive. Relevant harmonised standards for these components are:
BS EN 28846:1993/A1:2000 (ISO 8846:1990) Small craft - Electrical devices - Protection against ignition of surrounding flammable gases
BS EN ISO 9097:1994/A1:2000 Small Craft - Electric fans
Start-in-gear protection devices for outboard engines
ER 5.1.4, quoted above, requires start-in-gear protection devices for outboard engines. When such devices are sold separately from the outboard engines they must be treated as components according to this annex.
The harmonised standard for such devices is BS EN ISO 11547:1995/A1:2000 Small craft - Start-in-gear protection.
Steering wheels, steering mechanisms and cable assemblies
Steering wheels and steering gear systems that are sold for use on recreational craft must be treated as components in accordance with this annex.
The harmonised standards applicable for different types of system are:-
BS EN 28847:1989/A1:2000 (ISO 8847) Small craft - Steering gear - wire rope and pulley systems
BS EN 28848:1993/A1:2000 (ISO 8848:1990) Small craft - Remote steering system BS EN 29775:1993/A1:2000 (ISO 9775:1990) Small craft - Remote steering systems for
outboard motors of 15 kW to 40 kW power
BS EN ISO 10592:1994/A1:2000 Small craft - Hydraulic steering gear BS EN ISO 13929:2001 Small craft - Rack and pinion steering
Fuel tanks and fuel hoses
Fuel tanks and fuel hose sold for use on recreational craft must be t reated as components
according to this annex. This applies to fuel tanks that are designed to be permanently fitted in recreational craft, i.e. it does not apply to portable fuel tanks.
The harmonised standard BS EN ISO 10088:2001 Small craft - Permanently installed fuel
systems and fixed fuel tanks includes design and construction requirements for fuel tanks.
Fuel hose requirements are in the harmonised standards:-
BS EN ISO 7840:1995/A1:2000 Small craft - Fire resistant fuel hoses BS EN ISO 8469:1995/A1:2000 Small craft - Non-fire resistant fuel hoses.
Prefabricated hatches and portlights
Prefabricated hatches and portlights sold to be fitted on recreational craft must be treated as components in accordance with this annex. The term portlight is understood to refer to any prefabricated window for use in the hull.
The requirements of the harmonised standard BS EN ISO 12216:2002 Small craft - Windows, portlights, hatches, deadlights and doors - Strength and tightness requirements apply.
Part 16 TECHNICAL FILE
The boat builder shall retain a technical file for the boat with sufficient information to demonstrate how the boat complies with the essential requirements of the Directive.
The documentation should include all specifications, drawings, calculations and information relating to compliance with standards (e.g. electrical wiring specifications and diagrams) and results of tests prescribed in standards. This is likely to be a large quantity of documentation altogether, and should be stored by the boat builder for 10 years. Copies of this information do not need to be supplied with the boats sold.
It is not sufficient to state, for example, that the boat complies with ISO 12217, a record of the tests of calculations undertaken to establish this compliance must be kept. A written and possibly photographic record of the stability test should be kept.
Note: The boat builder or person responsible for placing the boat on the market is required to keep the Technical Documents for each type of craft, or each individual craft if a one-off, for 10 years after completion of the last product. Where boats are being manufactured outside the EU and no authorised representative is established within the EU then the person or company placing the boat on the market must keep the Technical Documentation.
Part 17 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Annex XV requires that a written Declaration of Conformity to the provisions of the Directive must be prepared by the manufacturer and a signed copy included in the Owner’s Manual supplied with each boat sold.
The Directive requires that this Declaration shall include :
• name and address of the manufacturer or his authorised representative established in
the Community
• description of the recreational craft or of the component
• references to the relevant harmonised standards used, or references to the
specifications in relation to which conformity is declared
• where appropriate, reference to the EC type-examination certificate issued by a
notified body
• where appropriate, the name and address of the notified body
• identification of the person empowered to sign on behalf of the manufacturer or his
authorised representative established within the community.