Chapter 7: General discussion
7.2. Suggested future work
This study evaluated the responses of Australian cotton growth and physiology to integrated factors of projected climatic change. However, there are several opportunities for further research as a result of this study, as summarised below:
Assessment and validation of physiology and production models of plant response to VPD using data collected from field-grown plants, so that the knowledge gained can be extrapolated to other locations and projected climate scenarios.
Further investigation of the physiological and growth responses of a wider range of cotton varieties to projected climatic change (warmer temperatures, elevated [CO2], altered VPD and
water deficits) in Australian production systems.
Field studies that encompass a range of temperature, CO2 and VPD environments, soil types
and water and nutrient regimes. These studies should be extended through the full growth cycle because later canopy development may negate early season differences, and thus would
require larger chambers than the CETA chambers with more sophisticated temperature control. Field studies should inform management options for adaptation to future climate scenarios.
7.3. Conclusions
The integrated responses of Australian cotton varieties to warmer temperatures, elevated atmospheric [CO2], and altered VPD were assessed in this thesis. Cotton responds strongly to changes
in VPD, and hence the VPD environment should be characterised in future climate change studies. Elevated [CO2] impacts cotton growth, physiology and water use, although the magnitude is largely
dependent on air temperature and water availability. With elevated [CO2], there are benefits of
increased leaf and plant level WUE; however, glasshouse experiments indicate that warmer temperatures may negate the positive impact of increased WUEP with elevated [CO2]. Glasshouse
experiments indicate that warmer growing temperatures may increase plant water use and reduce tolerance of water deficits, potentially leading to increased demand for water in Australian cotton production systems; however, this is yet to be determined for plants grown in the field. Therefore, modern cultivars with smaller, more compact growth habits and higher photosynthetic capacity may have an advantage over older cultivars in terms of water use, but there is currently no evidence to suggest that older cultivars are more responsive to elevated [CO2] and warmer temperatures than
modern cultivars. These studies also have explored the utility of CETA chambers to assess the integrated effect of projected climate change for cotton grown in the field. Despite limitations of these chambers in terms of meaningful comparisons between chamber and non-chamber treatments, CETA chambers proved a successful method of elevating atmospheric [CO2] and applying conditions of a
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