Sumatran elephant habitat use

Understanding on the habitat use for Sumatran elephant is critically important to develop effective conservation strategies of the species across the island. Further habitat protection clearly need detail information on habitat otherwise the designation of

protected area for elephant will be mislead. For example, in the past, designation of protected area in Sumatra did not include elephant habitat as a parameter to determine the delineation of conservation area (Soehartono et al. 2007). Therefore, as a results most of the current elephant distribution area in Sumatra is not protected.

The results of this study indicate that Sumatran elephants extensively use open canopy and medium canopy forests. However closed canopy forests are also important as shade and possible protection from anthropogenic threats such as hunting. Conserving elephant habitats outside of protected areas in Sumatra should focus on areas containing these various habitat types. Further, ex-logging concession areas with medium canopy forest should not be allowed to be converted to the large scale development activities such as monoculture plantation, mining or human settlement. Many of these areas may provide suitable habitats for elephant. On the other hand, allocating all the conservation effort to save remaining forested area in Sumatra might not necessarily help elephant conservation in the future. Therefore, conservation strategy for Sumatran elephant should be carefully developed balancing the species conservation (e.g. Sumatran elephant) and

ecosystem services (e.g. water source, clean air, etc) when designing land use planning in the region. Combination of habitat mosaic that incorporates different habitat

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