W 136 (PT 199) §115c: wDb Htp nTr
16 See Supplemental notes, Notes on gods’ names & epithets and on place names, 8.
120 ibid:470:7: rn.j nfr(.w) "my reputation is fair"
Adjective-verb nfr has the same meaning with the word jmAx "honor", cf.: Hassan, Giza II, fig. 206, p. 173: jr.n(.j) sw m Sw jmAx nfr xr (r)mT xr nTr
"I have made it (i. e. the tomb) in the shade of fair honor regarding people and god"
Hassan, Giza II, fig. 208, p. 175: [nj zp Dd(.j) xt nb(t) Dw(t) r] rmT nb n [sx]m jr.f n mrw(t) wnn
jmAx(.j) nfr(.j) xr nTr aA
"[I have never said something bad against] any people to a potent person (lit. the one who controls when he acts) for the sake of my honor to be fair regarding the Elder god" (for the restoration, cp. Urk.I:123:1)
Hassan, Giza II, fig. 226, p. 205: sk s(j)…m Sw jmAx nfr xr nswt ra nb "while she…was in the shade of fair honor regarding the king everyday" Urk.I:205:2, 4 and 12-13: jn jw mrjj.Tn…wnn jmAx.Tn nfr(.j) xr nTr aA "Do you want…your honor to be fair regarding the Elder god?"
Junker, Giza II, Abb.7, p. 115: wAwt nfr(w)t xppt jmAx(w)t jm.s(n) nfr(w)t "right paths by which fair honored women go"
Mariette, Mast., D18, p.225: wn jmAx.s nfr(.j) xr ra nb Axt
"her honor is (lit. exists) fair regarding the Sun, lord of the Behind the Horizon" Budge, BD151:9-10: jw zXA nbsny m nb jmAx nfr xr psDt aAt
"A scribe Nebseny is owner of fair honor regarding the Elder Ennead" 4)
§341a, b: DA.t(j) DAt wnjs pn
Allen "Let this Unis be transported over"
Shmakov "This Unis has been fully/completely transported"
DAt in this passage is complementary infinitive (Allen, Inflection, §§689, 690).
5)
§341c: snt.f spdt msTwt(j).f dwAt
Allen "His sister is Sothis, his female sibling is the Morning Star" Shmakov "His sister is Sothis, his female sibling is the morning"
In the original, the writing of dwAt includes the sign {star in circle}-N15 as if the Duat-region was meant, but James Allen ignores that and reads it as "the Morning Star" (which is actually just
"morning", see P 38, 3), and he is probably right as ancient PT editors did confuse the words for Duat- region and duat-morning.
1. In paragraphs that are variants of §341c, nTr dwA "Morning God" occurs (§§357a, 929b, 935c, 1001b, 1123b, 1707a) instead of Unis’s dwAt.
2. PT confuse S(j) dwAt "morning lake" and "Duat lake" (the correct name of this body of water was probably "morning lake", and "Duat lake" is probably a mistaken writing or reinterpretation of the
121 original "morning lake")
§372с – Unis’s version "Duat lake", Neferkare’s version has "morning lake"
PT 466, §882c: Xn dAt Hna Asjr(t) – Pepi’s I version "row Duat with Osiris", Merenre’s version has "row morning lake with Osiris",
PT 504, §1083a: S(j)w dwAt(jw) "morning lakes", PT 511, §1152c: S(j)w dwAt "morning lakes", PT 512, §1164c: S(j) dAtj "Duat lake",
PT 577, §1530c: S(j)w dAtjw "Duat lakes",
PT 671, §1987b: S(j) dAtj (can be either, there is no determinative), PT 697, §2170a: S(j) dAtj "Duat lakes".
W 174 (PT 267)
§365a: sq(j).t(j) n.f tA-r(w)dw r pt
Allen "Let a footpath to the sky be laid down for him" Shmakov "A mound to the sky will be pounded for him"
James Allen translates the expression sq(j) r(w)dw throughout his PT edition as "lay down a stairway", but because of the nature of the verb sq(j), it also may be interpreted as "pound/flatten a mound" or "erect/construct a mound", compare CT VI, 87c-d: xnmt t…sqrt bnbnt m jAbt "she-bread cook…who pounded a hill in the east" (the present author is thankful to Marina Sokolova for calling his attention to this option). Although cf. the expression sq(j)/sqr t HD "lay down a white bread" (Wb.IV:307:9). 2)
§367a-b: aHa j.dr Tw j.xm jwt Hms wnjs pn m st.k
Allen "Stand up and remove yourself, you who do not know the reeds, that Unis may seat in your seat" Shmakov "Stand up, remove yourself, (boy) who does not know the reeds, that this Unis may seat instead of you"
Neferkare’s version gives the determinative of j.xm jwt as {child with hand to mouth}, thus an
inexperienced boy is meant. The expression m st.k probably has the primary meaning "in your place", i.e. "instead of you" (see P 326a), rather than "in your seat", because Hmsj Hr st/nst "sit in/upon a seat" is more usual (see W 48, 1, iv).
3)
§369: Hr.t(j) jr Hmt SnDwt
Allen "away from (earthly cares of) wife and kilt" Shmakov "away from a wife-kilt"
Hmt SnDwt is probably a word-formation, cf. Peas., B1 93-95: ntk jtj n nmH hj n xArt sn n wDat Sndyt nt jwtj mjwt.f "for you are a father for an orphan, a husband for a widow, a brother for a divorcée, a
wife (lit. kilt) for one without mother", and in Heqanakht’s letters the wife is called Hbswt/Hbsyt "kilt, cloth" (Allen, H. P., Lexicon, p.279); compare English slang "skirt" (i. e. "woman").
W 175 (PT 268)
§370b-371b: qA nbt(j) m xnt jtrt nHm wnjs pn pat m at jm.f xfa wnjs pn wrrt m-a psDtj
Allen "Should the Ombite become elevated to the fore of the shrine, this Unis will take away the elite as a limb of his, this Unis will seize the crown from the Dual Ennead"
122
as a limb of his (lit. in him) and this Unis has seized the crown from the arm of the Dual Ennead" In the passage Unis is probably likened to Seth (the Ombite), as the king is both Horus and Seth (for this, cf. two royal names of Dynasty II – Hrw stS xa sxmwj "Horus (and) Seth. Two Power-bearers (i.e. Horus and Seth) have appeared" and Htp sxmwj "Two Power-bearers have become content". PT 437, §797b: sxmwj "Two Power-bearers"; queens’s title during the O.K.-N.K. mAt Hr stX "She who sees Horus (and) Seth" (Wb. II:7:13, "die den Horus-Seth (d. h. den König) sehen darf"), priestly title Hm
nTr Hrw stS "priest of Horus (and) Seth" (Junker, Giza II, Abb. 34, p. 189); PT 81, §57a-b, PT 213,
§135c; PT 215, §§141d, 144a-b; PT 222, §204a-206a, §211b; PT 254, §294a-c; PT 271, §390b, PT 359, §601b-f (especially); PT 437, §798a; "Two Lords (nbwj). Seth and Horus, representing opposing forces, united in the person of the living king" (Allen, P. T., Glossary, p. 443)). Cf. Seth on the serekh of the second dynasty king Seth Peribsen: http://xoomer.virgilio.it/francescoraf/hesyra/pribsn.htm. Seth and Horus together: the relies ornamenting solid throne of seated statues of Senusert I from either sides (Cairo, Egyptian Museum, CG 411-420, http://www.joanlansberry.com/setfind/uniting.html), the relief from the templeof Medamud, Senusret III: (http://www.ancient-egypt-history.com/2010/08/senusret-
iii-12th-dynasty.html), Ramesses III crowned by Horus and Seth
(http://www.joanlansberry.com/setfind/set-ram3.html) also L.D.III:33g, 35b, 36b, 124d. See also:
PT 510, §1145b: pHt pjpj pHtj stS nb(w)tj
"Pepi’s strength is the strength of Seth, the Ombite"
(Allen’s) N 470 (= (Allen’s) M 294), Jéquier, Pepi II, pl. XIII, col. +39:
zn n pjpj nfr-kA-ra jtrt qAjw ra xaw nbwt(j)
"pull open for Pepi Neferkare the shrine: the Sun will become high and the Ombite will appear" CT III, 360b: xa.j m Hr qA.j m nbwt(j)
"I have appeared as Horus, I have gone high as the Ombite"
The verbs nHm "take away, carry off" and xfa "grasp" in the passage do not convey any hostile
meaning, cf. PT 222, §202a: Dj.k nDr wnjs pn qbHw "Let this Unis take hold of the Cool Waters"; PT 570, 1459a: pjpj pw xfa HDt "Pepi is the one who grasped the White Crown"; Urk.IV:17:7-8: jw xfa.n.f
Hnmmt Amm.n.f rxyt "He has grasped Sunlight’s People (i. e. the Egyptians), he has taken hold of the
subjects"; Sethy I, Abydos II, pl. 36: Amm.n.f Hq(A)t nxx Hq(A).f tA mj ra "He has grasped crook (and) flail so that he may rule the earth like the Sun"; ibid Amm.n.f Hq(A)t nxx xay.f tp tA mj ra dj.f sw "He has taken hold of crook (and) flail so that he may shine forth on the earth like the Sun when he shows (lit. gives) himself".
2)
§372с: s.fxw.f kA n wnjs pn m S(j) dAtj
Allen "and release the ka of this Unis from the Duat Lake"
Shmakov "he will purge the ka of this Unis in the Morning Lake"
Pepi Neferkare’s version gives dAt "the Morning Lake", see W 173, 3. For s.fx m as meaning both "release from" and "purge in, purify in", cf. W 48, 1 and W 155, 7; due to the context, the latter option must apply.
3)
§372d: j.sk.f jf n kA n wnjs pn n Dt.f
Allen "He will purge the flesh of the ka of this Unis and of his body" Shmakov "He will wipe the flesh of this Unis’ own ka"
123 §373b: s.xp.f kA n wnjs pn n Dt.f r Hwt aAt
Allen "He will conduct the ka of this Unis to his body at the Big Enclosure"
Shmakov "He will conduct this Unis’ own ka to the Big Enclosure (i. e. to the sun-temple at Heliopolis)"
James Allen translates the expression n Dt.f in §§372d and 373b as "(and) of his body" and "to his body" respectively, though we have the same constructions in both cases: n Dt.f "of his person17" = "his own". kA n Wnjs pn n Dt.f "ka of this Unis of his person" i. e. "personal ka of this Unis", "this Unis’ own ka", cf. zA.k pw n Dt.k (§§160c, 213b) "this is your son of your person", i. e. "this is your own son", zA{j}.k n Dt.k "your son of your person" (CT VIII, 137c-d (M1C)), jnk zA.k n Dt.k (Budge, BD149, XIII:13) "I am your son of your person" (i. e. "I am your own son"), zA.f mrjj.f Hn n Dt.f (Jones, Titles, # 1768) "his own beloved son Hen (lit. his son whom he loves Hen of his person)", see also examples in N 72. The expression n Dt "of the person" is a way to say "own, proper, personal" as designation of relationship and ownership in Egyptian (which didn’t have a word for "own", nor the verb "to have"). It may be compare to two expressions that are used in the same way: n Xt "of the belly" (as designation of relationship), e.g. zA.j n Xt.j "my bodily son" (lit. my son of my belly), i. e. "my own son", and Ds(.j)/.f "my/his own" (§364b, as designation of relationship and ownership widely-used in the M.K.), e.g. MMA 12.183.8, BM 1783: jw DA.n(.j) jwwj m (m)Xnt(.j) Ds(.j) "I transported the wrecked person in my own ferryboat (lit. probably "in my ferryboat of my person (?)")". The exact meaning of Ds is unknown; the word is a noun, nearly always used with suffix pronoun and linked to another noun by direct genitive. Cf. the similar unique use of Xt.f with direct genitive on the O.K. stelae: zA (n)swt Xt.f "king’s own son" (BM 1273, 1274). The designation of ownership in Egyptian through such nouns as Dt "(of) person" and Xt "(of) belly" suggests that the meaning of the word Ds must be sought in the sphere of the human person as well, and the probability is high that it is a synonym of Dt "person". Cf. PT 267, §364b: jb n wnjs n.f Ds.f "Unis’s own heart (lit. Unis’s heart of his person (?)) is his" and Nt 742-743: jb.k n.k n Dt.k "your own heart (lit. your heart of your person) is yours"; Hrw n Dt.f "Horus in (lit. of) his person, Horus himself" (§683b, see T 265, 1),
ra Ds.f "the Sun himself" (CT IV, 215c (M1N4)) and twt n ra Dt.f "image of the Sun himself" (Sethy I, Abydos I, pl. 40, l).
References to the ka as being personal also occur in the Coffin Texts: CT III, 61b-m: jTj.n.j kA.j n Dt.j Hna(.j) jT.f wj r aAaw nw sxt Htp ra
"I have taken my own (lit. "of my person") ka that he may take me to the springs of the Sun’s Marsh of Offering",
CT III, 394i: aHa kA.j n Dt.j "so that my own ka stands up",
CT VI, 259d: jn.sn n.j kA.j n Dt.j "They are bringing me my own ka", CT VI, 350a: j.nD(.j) Hr.k kA n N tn n Dt.s
"Greetings, own ka of this N (lit. ka of this N of her person)" CT VI, 398j: dj.f n.f kA.f n Dt.f "He gives him his own ka",
CT VI, 404e: dj.f n.k kA.k n Dt.k r mtr.k "He will appoint (lit. give) you your own ka to your witness"
17 The word Dt doesn’t have the meaning "body", the word for "body" in Egyptian is Haw, cf. BD 15A, pBerlin 3002 (pNacht- Amun), 55: aSA Hrw nn rx.tw Dt.f tA m Haw.f "Many-faced One whose person will not be known, hot in his body".
124
CT VIII, §2028c (B6C): jr.k mn(w).k jm nfrw Hna kA.k n Dt.k Dt
"where (i. e. in the Behind the Horizon) you will make your beautiful abodes with your own ka during
Dt-time"
Cp. also references to the ba as being personal:
CT IV, 96d: wp jr.Tn mjTnw n bA.j n Dt.j "Discern ways for my own ba!" CT IV, 63k: bA.j pw bA Dt.j pw "This is my ba, this is my own ba"
CT V, 228b (=227b, 228k, 229e,k, 230h, 231d,o): bA n N pn n Dt.f "this N’s own ba (lit. ba of this N of his person)".
Other examples of n Dt "personal" (see Jones, Titles, # 1767):
pr Dt or pr n Dt (Old Kingdom and later) is "personal/private house (i. e. farm)"; also pr n Dt.f "his
private house (lit. the house of his person)", not "estate" or "funerary domain".
jz Dt or jz n Dt (Old Kingdom) is "personal/private tomb" (Urk.I:14:15, 15:4, Hassan, Giza II, fig. 231,
p. 213, fig. 240 after the p. 220), not "tomb of eternity"
sn Dt (Old Kingdom) is "personal brother" (not "brother of the estate" nor "brother of the
endowment"), i. e. hired mortuary servant, also deputy or representative (see Garcia, A new
inscription), this title doesn’t designate blood relation and might show the rate of confidence between
people. sn Dt seems to be a variant of just Dt/n Dt "personal man". For the references, see Jones, Titles,
## 3324, 3325.
n Dt (Old Kingdom and later) "he of the person" = "personal/own man", see Jones, Titles, ## 1767,
1769-1775. Cf. it with n(j)w Xt.f (§647b) "his own ones", lit. "these of his belly" = "his children".
Dt (Old Kingdom and later) "personal/own man", e.g. Dt.s (Urk.I:273:1) "her personal man", i.e. "her
servant/menial", for more references, see Jones, Titles, # 3747. Hassan, Giza II, fig. 226, p. 205: jn sn.s Dt…jr n.s jz pn Dt.s "It is her private brother…who made for her this tomb of her own"
Merefnebef (Myśliwiec, Merefnebef, the northern inscription of the facade):
jr Hm jz(.j) pn n Dt jr.n(.j) sw m Sw jmAx xr nswt r xt nb(t)
"As to this private tomb of mine: I have made it in the shade of honor regarding the king more than (in the shade of) anything (else)"
Urk.IV:447:4-5: [dj.k s.qbb.j Xr nhwt].j m Hwt jrt.n.j m Sj n Dt.j
"[Let me become cool under] my [sycomores] in the enclosure I have made, in my own garden" Urk.IV:1189:1: pr(t) xrw n.f nfr m Hwt kA nt Dt.f m jz.f n Xr(j)-nTr
"Making good offerings (lit. sending a good voice) for him in his own ka enclosure (and) in his tomb of the necropolis"
BM 101: s.wD.Tn jAwt.Tn n Xrdw.Tn wnn msw.Tn mn(.w) Hr nswt.Tn m jAwt.Tn nt Dt
"You will bequeath your offices to your children, your children will be firm on your (office’s) seats (and) your own offices"
125 Urk.I:174:8: prt xrw nt Dt m Xr(j)t hrw m Awt Dt "personal offerings daily during Dt-time"
CT I, 164f (= ibid, 177g-h): s.mn.j prt xrw.k m pr n Dt.k nt(j) m jw nsrsr
"I make firm your offerings in your own house (lit. in the house of your person) which is on the Isle of Blazing"
CT VIII, 137c-d (B10Ca, B1P): fx.k pr.k n Dt.k n zA.k "leave your own house to your son"
CT I, 402d: s.jp.j sn n Dt n zwn
"I have intended them (them)selves for perish"
CT IV, 103f-g: xpr.kj m jrt Hrw xt(j)t ms.n w(j) Dt.s Ds.s
"I have become the fiery eye of Horus, its own person has given me birth" CT V, 243c: Sm bA.f r pr.f n Dt.f "His ba goes to his own house".
CT V, 332f: j.nD(.j) Hr.k jb.j pn n kAw.j HAtj.j pn n Dt.j
"Greetings, this my mind of my kas, this my heart of my person" (split line in the original).
CT VI, 77d: jw bA.j n Dt.f jw Swt.j n a.s "My ba is for himself (lit. for his person), my shade is for its arm"; CT VI, 74i: jw bA[.j n] Dt.j "My ba is for my persoon"
Urk.IV:614:5: s.HDt tp(j)t.j m n(j) Dt.k
"The Illuminating (uraeus) on my head is your property/your personalia (lit. is as of your person)" Urk.IV:140:17: jrw Tn m n-Dt nt Hm.f mj zp.s jmj HAt
"This (land of) Iru is in His Incarnation’s property like its previous state", literally "This Iru is as what is of the person of His Incarnation..." (similar expressions: ibid:138:9, 14, 272:5, 331:14, 795:13, 796:8, 1276:18, 1303:12).
CT VII, 154d-e: jn n.j jSt.j nt Dt.j rdj n.j nHmt m-a.j
"My own (lit. of my person) property has been brought to me: I have been given what was taken away from me"
CT IV, 56j: jw nD.n.j Dt.j Ds.j
"I have helped myself out on my own" CT VI, 204b: n wj Dt.j "I belong to myself"
CT VII, 49m: n Tw s(j) n-s(j) Dt.k "you belong to her, she belongs to your person" Sethy I, Abydos III, pl. 50: nfr.wj Hwt.k m tA wr spAt nt Dt nt
"How beautiful is your enclosure in the Great Land, the personal nome of the Lowersky"
In the following passage personal property marked with Dt is contrasted with official/state property: El Bersheh I, pl.18 (= Urk.VII:52:16-19):
126
Htp(.w)]
"Coming in peace, attaining to the booth for making a big count of (lit. in) his official herds (lit. the herds of that with the king/of the king’s property, see T 196, 9) with his own herds from the districts of the nome of the Hare by…[Tjehutihetepu ("Thoth is content")]"
The expression n Dt Dt "for the course of Dt-time, during Dt-time" is literally "of the person of Dt- time, of the personality of Dt-time, of Dt-time’s own", i. e. means something like "belongs to the nature (lit. person) of Dt-time" (see T 196, 9). For Dt referring to the bodyparts, see N 72.
Yuriy Perepiolkin was the first Egyptologist who showed the meaning "person" for Dt, in his fundamental works of 1966 and 1988: Chastnaia sobstvennost v predstavlenii egyptian Starogo
carstva (Private Ownership as Viewed by the Egyptians of the Old Kingdom), Palestinskij sbornik 16
(79), Moscow-Leningrad. 1966 (was published in German in 1986), and Hozyaystvo staroegypetskyh
velmog (A Farm of the Old Kingdom Officials). Moscow. 1988, see Bibliography. The term Dt in the
Middle Kingdom was studied by Oleg Berlev proceeding from Perepiolkin’s study (Berlev, Trudovoe
naselenie, pp.172-254). It is noteworthy that Harold Hays reads n/nt Dt same in his dissertation, yet
doesn’t give literal translation of this phrase: "Pyr 69b: ir.ti Hr n(i)t(i) D.t=f “Horus’s own Eyes”" (Hays, Structure, p. 78, note 74).
4)
§373c: jrw n.f arrwwt T(A)zz n.f HmATT
Allen "The portals will act for him, the (Red Crown’s) coil will be tied on for him"
Shmakov "(False) doors will be made for him (i. e. for Unis’s ka), the HmATT will be tied together for him"
For "(false) door" as one of the meanings of the word arrwt, see W 165, 14. The word for red crown’s coil is S(A)bt, see §1459a, Leclant, Pepi I, pl. 22, col. 60. The meaning of the word HmATT is
unknown and we can only judge by the word’s determinative, which is a {rope}. 5)
§375a: nj zA a.f
Allen "his arms will not go off"
Shmakov "his arm cannot be detained (lit. guarded)"
The passage probably has passive sDm.f. The verb in the passage is undoubtedly zAj "guard, detain, restrain", cf. the verb’s spellings without zA-{hobble for cattle}-V16 sign in §§265d, 401b W, 436b, 686b (T 265, 3), 771a,c N, 979a, 1059b, 1163b P. The verb has the meaning "detain, restrain", literally "watch over/guard somebody so that he doesn’t escape", not "watch over/guard somebody to protect him", cf.:
PT 273, §401b: jn Ds(j) tp zAA n.f sn xsf n.f sn
"It is the snake Who Lifts Head who detains them for him (and) bars them for him" Urk.I:223:10-11: nj zp zA.t(j.j) nj zp [x]nr.t(j.j)
"Never was I detained, never was I restrained"
CT I, 362-363d: nj zA.n.t(w) bA.j "My ba cannot be detained" CT I, 396b: nj zA.n.t(w) bA.j jn jrjw awt Asjr(t)
127 CT I, 398b: nj zA.n.tw bA.j jn HkA n Snwt ra
"My ba cannot be detained by the magic of the Sun’s suite"
(note that S1C, S2C give nj Amm bA.j "My ba will not be seized") CT II, 13c (= ibid 16i-17a): j kA HHw zAA aApp
"Oh bull of Infinite gods who detains Apop" CT II, 47e: nj zA.n sw HkA tp tA Dt
"He cannot be detained by the magic on the earth during Dt-time" CT II, 55b-c (= ibid, 84a-b): jj.n.j xr.k jbw wrt…zAA nbDw
"I have come to you Kid of the Great…who detains disgusting ones" CT III, 216-217a: jn zAA Tw s.fx Tw
"The one who detained you is who has released you" CT IV, 178m: nj zA.n.tw bA.j Hr XAt.j
"My ba cannot be detained from my corpse"
CT IV, 282-283c-284-285a: grH pw…n jrt zAwt sbjw
"at the night…of arranging (lit. making) the detention of rebels" CT IV, 321f-322a: rdj.n n.sn nb r Dr Ax r jrt zAwt xftjw.f
"to whom the Lord to the Limit has given akh-magic to arrange the detention of opponents" CT IV, 322c (= 330k): jwtjw prt Xr zAwt.sn
"the ones from whose detention there is no emergence" CT VI, 70b (B9C): nj sx(m).Tn m zAt bA.j pn
"You have no control of this my ba’s detention" CT VI, 165b: jm zAw sw jwnwj.k Ddwj.k ra
"Sun, your two columns (and) your two Dd-columns should not detain him" CT VI, 412b-c: Sa.f jr r.k Hr zAw
"he will combine (i. e. put) one who would act against you under (lit. on) detention" CT VI, 413n: zA.k spdw spd jbH(w) jr.f zAwt jr r.k m z(my)t jAbt(j)t
"Your son Sopdu (with) sharp teeth arranges the detention of the one who would act against you in the eastern desert"
CT VII, 18h: wsr bA.j r zAAw sw
"My ba is stronger than (lit. against) those who would detain him" CT VII, 26e: qAt Tn jwt(j)t prt m zAwt.s
"this door-bolt from whose detention there is no emergence" CT VII, 66f: zA.f xft(j)w.k
128 CT VII, 313b: swt zAA hAA jm.f
"he is the one who detains the one descended in it (i. e. winding (qAb))"