TAKE ACTION - Drilling Fluids Operations Manual

Note: Inadequate characteristics may cause well problems. It is important to understand what and how many variations are needed to solve any problems occur .

LEGEND: ( + increase; - decrease; = unchanged.)

GELS

PROGRESSIVE

YIELD POINT +

FILTRATE CAKE

=/-SOLIDS CONTAMINATION

CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION EXCESS

VISCOSIFIER ESTIMATE:

PV DENSITY

% SOLIDS LGS/HGS MBT

ESTIMATE:

Solids Removal Equipment and notes on Dilution

ESTIMATE:

pH PM,PF,MF Cl-Ca++

Mg++

etc....

- READ COMMENTS - ANALIZE WELL PROBLEMS

- MATERIALS USED

- ANALIZE ANY VARATIONS OF CHARACTERISTICS WITHIN 24 HOURS.

FLAT (es.: 2/4) and/or as per

Programme

FILTRATE + CAKE + (es.: 1/15)

FLASH ( es.: 6/12)

CAUSEREMEDIAL ACTIONSEFFECT ON FLUID

MAINTENANCE PROBLEMS OF WATER-BASE FLUIDS + + +

+ + +

+ (+)

Ca OH Ca SO4 Cl

DEN SIT Y

PV YIELD GEL S

FIL TR AT E

pH/P f

SOL ID S

ION S

OTH ER

GYPSUM/ANHYDRIDE NaCl, FORMATION: SALT DOME, SALT LEVELS, FORMATION OR MAKE-UP WATER.

CEMENT AND/OR LIME CONTAMINATED BARITEPRETREAT OR TREAT WITH BICARBONATE; POLYMER-BASE FLUIDS NEED PRETREATMENT. MONITOR EXCESS LIME TO CONTROL CONTAMINATION REMOVAL, DO NOT RELY ONLY ON Ca++. USE DESANDERS OR CENTRIFUGE TO REMOVE CONTAMINANT PARTICLES; ADD DEFLOCCULANTS AND FILTRATE REDUCERS. DILUTE; DUMP THE CONTAMINATED PILL, IF FLOCCULATION CANNOT BE CONTROLLED. CONVERT TO LIME FLUID. IN SOME CASES (i.e. CaCl2 SOLUTIONS AND POLYMERS) USES ACIDS SUCH AS HCl. SODIUM CARBONATE CAN ALSO BE USED, BUT REMOVES CALCIUM AND NOT OH-. PRETREAT/TREAT WITH SODIUM CARBONATE IF REDUCED QUANTITIES; CONVERT TO A FLUID TOLERANT OF GYPSUM: FW-GY, FW-SS, DS-IE. DILUTE WITH FRESH WATER. USE THINNERS AND FILTRATE REDUCER FOR SALINE ENVIRONMENT. CONVERT TO SALT FLUID OR SALT SATURATED FLUID. ESTIMATE TO DUMP IF CONTAMINATION IS LIMITED TO A PILL.

HIGH VISCOSITY WITH FLOCCULATED FLUID. POLYMER-BASE FLUIDS MAY HAVE A STRONG VISCOSITY. HIGH VISCOSITY WITH OR WITHOUT PIT VOLUME INCREASE.

HIGH VISCOSITY WITH PROGRESSIVE INCREASE.

CAUSEREMEDIAL EFFECT ON FLUID

MAINTENANCE PROBLEMS OF WATER-BASE FLUIDS MgCl2, FROM FORMATION: WATER WITH MgCl2 COMPLEX SALTS, SEA WATER.

VISCOSITY INCREASE WITH/WITHOUT VOLUME INCREASE. DIFFICULTY TO MAINTAIN pH. HIGH VISCOSITY, PARTICULARLY YIELD AND GELS AT 10". UNEFCETVE TREATMENTS.

FORMATION CO2: THERMAL DEGRADATION OF POLYMERS: CONTAMINATED BARITE, OVERTRATMENT WITH BICARBONATE OR CARBONATE, NaCO3 ADDED BENTONITE.

+ + +-/- Mg Cl CONTAMINATION DIFFICULT TO RECOGNIZE, ESPECIALLY IN COLORED FILTRATES. INCREASE pH WITH NaOH, IF CONTAMINATION IS DUE TO HCO3 AND Ca++ IS PRESENT THE FLUID; USE Ca(OH)2, IF Ca++ IS NOT PRESENT OR USE CaSO4 IF pH INCREASE IS NOT DESIRED; USE cACl2 FOR BRINE OR CHLORIDE CONTENT FLUIDS. ATTENTION: DUMP ALL CONTAMINANTS THOROUGHLY, AS SMALL CONCENTRATION MAY CREATE PROBLEM TO FLUID MAINTENANCE, AVOID OVERTREATING WITH SEQUESTRING ION (Ca++). PAY ATTENTION TO HIGH TEMPERATURE, HIGH DENSITY AND/OR POLYMER-BASE FLUID.

TREAT WITH CAUSTIC SODA FOR LIGHT CONTAMINATION AND MAINTAIN pH >/= 10. CONVERT TO A FLUID TOLERANT OF MAGNESIUM (SALT SATURATED, LOW pH, MIXED SALT SATURATED OR OIL-BASE FLUID) IF CONTAMINATION IS SEVERE. ATTENTION: CONTINUED ADDITIONS OF Mg(OH)2 TO THE SYSTEM WILL RESULT IN A GREAT VISCOSITY INCREASE.

DEN SIT Y

PV YIEL D

GELS FIL TR ATE

pH/P f

SOL ID S

ION S

OTH ER

+ +=/+ Mf+

CAUSEREMEDIAL EFFECT ON FLUID

MAINTENANCE PROBLEMS OF WATER-BASE FLUIDS H2S FROM FROMATION THERMAL OR BACTERIAL DEGRADATION

STINKING WELL VISCOSITY INCREASE. DIFFICULTY TO CONTINUE DRILLING AFTER TRIPPING, DIFFICULTY TO RUN TOOLS IN HOLE, HIGHLY GELATINIZED BOTTOM PILL.

HIGH TEMPERATURE

+ + +- s-- REDUCE DILL SOLIDS CONCENTRATION; INCREASE DISPERSER CONCENTRATION; USE FILTRATE REDUCERS ADEQUATE TO TEMPERATURE, BY KEEPING HPHT FILTRATE AT VALUES SUFFICIENT TO PREVENT FLUID DEHYDRATION WHILE TRIPPING. DISPLACING A PRETREATED FLUID PILL IN THE OPEN HOLE MAY RESULT CONVENIENT.

IF FROM FROMATION,TREAT WITH SCAVENGERS;IN RISKY AREAS PRETREAT AND/OR MAINTAIN ALKALINITY. IF FROM THE THERMAL DEGRADATION, REPLACE PRODUCTS. IF FROM BACTERIAL DEGRADATION, PRETREAT WITH BACTERICIDE.

DENS IT Y

PV YIE LD

GELS FIL TR AT E

pH/P f

SOL ID S

ION S

OTH ER

+ +-/- + + VISCOSITY INCREASE (DESITY INCREASE FOR UNWEIGHTED FLUIDS) VISCOSITY INCREASE (DESITY INCREASE FOR UNWEIGHTED FLUIDS)

+==/ + + +=/ + + + + -MBT

INERT SOLIDS CLAY GROUNDS

SOLIDS-REMOVAL EQUIPMENT, DILUTION ANS/OR INHIBTION NOT ADEQUATE TO PENTRATION RATES, REMEDIAL ACTIONS a) ADEQUATE ABOVE PARAMETERS; b) USE A SOLIDS-TOLERANT FLUID; c) REDUCE PENETRATION RATES. SOLIDS-REMOVAL EQUIPMENT, DILUTION AND/OR INHIBITION NOT ADEQUATE TO FROMATION OR PENETRATION RATES. REMEDIAL ACTION: AS PER SOLIDS-CONTROL, MOREOVE IT IS IMPORTANT TO PROVIDE OR ADEQUATE FLUID INHIBITION.

Contaminants Contaminant Ion Corrective Scavengers Quantitative (kg/M³) To Remove 1gr/L Of Contaminant Ion Gypsum Or

Anhydrite

Calcium (Ca++) • Soda Ash (Na2CO3)

• SAPP (Na2H2P207)

• Sodium Bicarbonate (Na2CO3)

2.64 2.77 2.09

Cement/Lime Calcium (Ca++) +

Hydroxil (OH-) • SAPP

• Sodium Bicarbonate

2.77 2.09 Hard Water Magnesium (Mg++)

Calcium (Ca++)

• A) NaOH and increase Ph To 10.5

• B) Soda Ash

3.3

2.65

H2S S-- Maintain Ph Above 10.5

• Zinc Oxide (Zn0)

• Zinc Carbonate (ZnCO3)

• Chelate Zinc

• Ironite Sponge (Fe304)

Refer to indication given for each product.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Carbonates (CO3--) Bicarbonates (HCO3-)

• Gypsum (CaSO4)

• Lime (CaOH2)

• Lime

2.85 1.23 1.21

Product Description

AVA Bariod Dowell MI BH Inteq

Fe based H2S Scavenger