BRITISH STANDARD
Subsection 22. tion 22. Terms relating only to Terms relating only to resista resista nce welding nce welding
Subsection 22. tion 22. Terms relating only to Terms relating only to resista resista nce welding nce welding
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Noo. . TTeerrm m DDeefifinniittiioonn 22 001
22 001 resistance resistance weldingwelding weldiwelding ng with with presspressure ure in in which which the the heat heat necessnecessary ary forfor welding is produced by resistance to an electrical current welding is produced by resistance to an electrical current flowing through the welding zone
flowing through the welding zone 22 002
22 002 resistance resistance butt butt weldingwelding slow butt welding:
slow butt welding:
deprecated deprecated
upset butt welding:
upset butt welding:
deprecated deprecated
resistance welding in which the components are butted resistance welding in which the components are butted together under pressure, and current is allowed to flow until together under pressure, and current is allowed to flow until the temperature is reached at which upset metal is produced the temperature is reached at which upset metal is produced and the weld is completed
and the weld is completed 22 003
22 003 flash flash weldingwelding flash butt welding:
flash butt welding:
deprecated deprecated
resist
resistance welding during ance welding during which heating is which heating is obtaiobtained whenned when the workpieces are progressively and repeatedly advanced the workpieces are progressively and repeatedly advanced towards each other, causing the current to flow through towards each other, causing the current to flow through localized points, thus creating flashing and expulsion of localized points, thus creating flashing and expulsion of molten metal
molten metal 22 004
22 004 spot spot weldingwelding resistance resistance welding welding in in which which a a weld weld is is produced produced at at a a spot spot in in thethe work
work-piece between electrod-piece between electrodes, es, the weld the weld being ofbeing of
approximately the same area as the electrode tips, or as the approximately the same area as the electrode tips, or as the smaller of tips of differing size; force is applied to the spot, smaller of tips of differing size; force is applied to the spot, usually through the electrodes, continuously throughout the usually through the electrodes, continuously throughout the process
process 22 005
22 005 stitch stitch weldingwelding spot spot weldwelding ing in in whicwhich h succesuccessive ssive welds welds overlaoverlapp 22 006
22 006 multiple multiple spot spot weldingwelding spot spot weldwelding ing in in whicwhich, h, by by the the use use of of more more than than twotwo
electrodes, two or more welds are made simultaneously or in electrodes, two or more welds are made simultaneously or in an automatically controlled sequence
an automatically controlled sequence 22 007
22 007 series series spot spot weldinweldingg spot spot weldwelding ing in in which which two two or or more more welds welds are are mademade simultaneously in electrical series (See Figure 12.) simultaneously in electrical series (See Figure 12.)
Figure 12
Figure 12 ExampExamples oles of serif series spoes spot weldt weldinging
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Noo. . TTeerrm m DDeefifinniittiioonn 22 008
22 008 seam seam weldingwelding resistance resistance welding welding in in which which force force is is applied applied continuously continuously andand curre
current nt contcontinuouinuously sly or or interintermittenmittently tly to to prodproduce uce a a linealinearr weld, the workpiece being between two electrode wheels or weld, the workpiece being between two electrode wheels or between an electrode wheel and an electrode bar; the wheels between an electrode wheel and an electrode bar; the wheels apply the force and current and rotate continuously during apply the force and current and rotate continuously during the making of the linear weld
the making of the linear weld 22 010
22 010 projection projection weldingwelding resistresistance ance weldiwelding ng in in whicwhich h the the force force and and currecurrent nt areare
localized by the use of a projection or projections raised on or localized by the use of a projection or projections raised on or formed from one or more of the faying surfaces, the
formed from one or more of the faying surfaces, the projections collapsing during welding
projections collapsing during welding 22 011
22 011 resistance resistance stud stud weldingwelding stud stud welding welding using using projection projection weldingwelding (See terms 10 032 and 22 010)
(See terms 10 032 and 22 010) 22 012
22 012 percussion percussion weldingwelding weldiwelding ng with with presspressure ure emploemploying ying the the heat heat from from an an arcarc
produced by a rapid discharge of electrical energy; pressure is produced by a rapid discharge of electrical energy; pressure is applied percussively during or immediately following the applied percussively during or immediately following the electrical discharge
electrical discharge 22 013
22 013 HF HF resisresistance tance weldiweldingng resistresistance ance weldiwelding ng in in whicwhich h an an alternalternating ating electelectric ric currecurrent nt ofof at least 10 kHz is fed through contacts to the work to provide at least 10 kHz is fed through contacts to the work to provide the heat for welding; the high frequency current concentrates the heat for welding; the high frequency current concentrates along adjacent surfaces to produce highly localized heat prior along adjacent surfaces to produce highly localized heat prior to the application of welding force
to the application of welding force 22 014
22 014 cross-wire cross-wire weldweld resistance resistance weld weld at at the the point point of of contact contact between between crossed crossed wireswires or rods made with pressure applied continuously
or rods made with pressure applied continuously 22 015
22 015 resistance resistance welding welding electrodeelectrode electrode
electrode
replaceable portion of a resistance welding machine that replaceable portion of a resistance welding machine that transmits current and applies force to the pieces to be welded transmits current and applies force to the pieces to be welded 22 016
22 016 electrode electrode shankshank portion portion of of an an electrode electrode for for spot spot or or stitch stitch welding welding intended intended toto be held by, and to make electrical contact with, an electrode be held by, and to make electrical contact with, an electrode holder
holder 22 017
22 017 electrode electrode wheelwheel seam seam weldwelding ing electrelectrode ode in in the the form form of of a a rotatrotating ing discdisc 22 018
22 018 flashing flashing allowanceallowance lengtlength h allowallowed ed for for the the total total shortshortening ening of of both both compcomponentonentss due to flashing, in preparation for flash welding
due to flashing, in preparation for flash welding 22 020
22 020 electrode electrode pressurepressure pressupressure re (forc(force e per per unit unit of of electrelectrode ode contacontact ct area) area) resultresultinging from the electrode force
from the electrode force 22 021
22 021 flashing flashing timetime3)3) In flash weldingIn flash welding, period of time between the start of, period of time between the start of continuous flashing and the time when the upset force is continuous flashing and the time when the upset force is applied
applied 22 022
22 022 upset upset timetime3)3) duration of upset travelduration of upset travel 22 023
22 023 upset upset currecurrent nt timetime3)3) time during which upset current flowstime during which upset current flows 22 024
22 024 cool cool timetime3)3) off-time off-time
In pulsation and seam welding
In pulsation and seam welding, period of time between two, period of time between two successive heat times in the same welding cycle
successive heat times in the same welding cycle 22 025
22 025 weld weld timetime3)3) In resistance weldingIn resistance welding, duration of continuous flow of welding, duration of continuous flow of welding current
period of time between the cessation of current in a welding period of time between the cessation of current in a welding cycle and the cessation of electrode force
cycle and the cessation of electrode force 22 027
22 027 welding welding currentcurrent currecurrent nt (excl(excluding uding prehepreheating ating currecurrent) nt) used used to to bring bring thethe workpiece to, and maintain it at, welding temperature workpiece to, and maintain it at, welding temperature
3)
3) Attention is drawn to Figures 14 to 25 for diagrammatic representation of these terms.Attention is drawn to Figures 14 to 25 for diagrammatic representation of these terms.
BS 499-1:2009
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Noo. . TTeerrm m DDeefifinniittiioonn 22 028
22 028 flashing flashing currentcurrent current current flowing flowing during during flashing flashing timetime 22 030
22 030 flashing flashing traveltravel distandistance ce traveltravelled led by by the the movinmoving g head head durinduring g flashflashinging 22 031
22 031 flashing flashing speedspeed rate rate of of travetravel l of of the the movinmoving g head head durinduring g flashiflashingng 22 032
22 032 throat throat depthdepth throat
throat
in resistance welding
in resistance welding, usable distance from the centre of the, usable distance from the centre of the platens or the axes of the electrodes or, in the case of oblique platens or the axes of the electrodes or, in the case of oblique electrodes, the point of intersection of the electrode axes in electrodes, the point of intersection of the electrode axes in the working position or the contact line of electrode wheels the working position or the contact line of electrode wheels and that part of the equipment body located closest to it and that part of the equipment body located closest to it 22 033
22 033 throat throat gapgap 1)1) in spot and seam welding equipment in spot and seam welding equipment , usable distance, usable distance between the arms or the outer current-conducting parts of between the arms or the outer current-conducting parts of the welding circuit
the welding circuit 2)
2) in projection welding equipment in projection welding equipment , , clampclamping ing distandistancece between the platens
between the platens 22 034
22 034 indirect indirect spot spot weldingwelding spot spot welding welding in in which which only only one one electrode electrode tip tip is is used used per per weld;weld;
a backing electrode or the workpiece itself completes the a backing electrode or the workpiece itself completes the electrical circuit and resists the force of the electrode tip electrical circuit and resists the force of the electrode tip 22 035
22 035 forge forge delay delay timetime period period of of time time between between the the start start of of weld weld time time and and the the instantinstant of application of maximum welding force
of application of maximum welding force 22 036
22 036 backing backing electrodeelectrode plate plate or or strip strip of of currecurrent-carnt-carrying rying matermaterial ial used used in in place place of of anan electrode on one side of the work to reduce the marking for electrode on one side of the work to reduce the marking for multi spot, seam or projection welds
multi spot, seam or projection welds 22 037
22 037 upset upset currentcurrent current current flowing flowing during during upsettingupsetting 22 038
22 038 flashing flashing lossloss In In flash flash weldingwelding, total actual shortening of both components, total actual shortening of both components during the flashing time
during the flashing time 22 040
22 040 flashingflashing in in flash flash weldweldinging, phenomenon occurring as the components, phenomenon occurring as the components are
are progprogressivressively ely advanadvanced towards each ced towards each other, when other, when thethe current, confined to localized points of contact, causes current, confined to localized points of contact, causes repeated expulsion of molten metal
repeated expulsion of molten metal 22 041
22 041 double-conductor double-conductor connectionconnection cable
cable
cable comprisi
cable comprising ng two conductotwo conductors rs provproviding an iding an electrelectrical ical linklink between the secondary terminals of a resistance welding between the secondary terminals of a resistance welding transformer and the welding set, and designed to have as low transformer and the welding set, and designed to have as low an electrical resistance as possible
an electrical resistance as possible 22 042
22 042 single-conductor single-conductor connectionconnection cable
cable
cable comprising one conductor providing an electrical link cable comprising one conductor providing an electrical link between the secondary terminals of a resistance welding between the secondary terminals of a resistance welding transformer and the welding set
transformer and the welding set 22 043
22 043 staggered staggered resistance resistance weldswelds genegenerally sprally spot weot welds in tlds in two or mwo or more roore rows, in ws, in a staga staggeredgered pattern (see Figure 14)
pattern (see Figure 14) 22 044
22 044 projection projection diameterdiameter maximumaximum m diamediameter ter of of indivindividual idual projprojection ection [See [See FiguFigure re 13a),13a), item 4]
item 4]
NOTE
NOTE IllustIllustratioration from n from BS EN BS EN ISO 1ISO 176597659..
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Noo. . TTeerrm m DDeefifinniittiioonn 22 045
22 045 annular annular projection projection diameterdiameter mean diamean diameter of an annumeter of an annular projelar projection [See Figction [See Figure 13c),ure 13c), item 8]
item 8]
NOTE
NOTE IllustIllustratioration from n from BS EN BS EN ISO 17ISO 17659.659.
22 046
22 046 nugget nugget diameterdiameter in in resistaresistance nce spot spot and and projeprojection ction weldweldinging, mean of the, mean of the minimum and maximum diameters of the fused zone minimum and maximum diameters of the fused zone measured at the interface omitting the corona bond area measured at the interface omitting the corona bond area 22 047
22 047 row row pitchpitch perpperpendicendicular ular distandistance ce betwebetween en rows rows of of spot spot weldswelds, , alignaligneded parallel to the joint axis (see Figure 14, item 4)
parallel to the joint axis (see Figure 14, item 4) NOTE
NOTE IllustIllustratioration from n from BS EN BS EN ISO 17ISO 17659.659.
Figure 13
Figure 13 Forms Forms of pof projectrojection ion weldswelds
1 1
3 3
4 4 2
2
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
2
2 66
7 7 3 3
a
a) ) RRoouunnd d pprroojjeeccttiioonns s bb) ) EElloonnggaatteed d pprroojjeeccttiioonnss
3 3
7 7
8 8 5
5 5
5
2 2
c) Annular projections c) Annular projections Key
Key 1
1 PlaPlate te thithickncknessess 2
2 PitPitch (ch (of pof projrojectectionions)s) 3
3 ProProjecjectiotion n heiheightght 4
4 ProProjecjectiotion dn diamiameteeterr
5
5 EdEdge ge didistastancncee 6
6 ProProjecjectiotion n lenlengthgth 7
7 ProProjecjectiotion n widwidthth 8
8 AnnulAnnular ar projeprojection ction diamediameterter
BS 499-1:2009 BS 499-1:2009 BRITISH STANDARD
BRITISH STANDARD
BSI 2008
BSI 2008 .. 2525
Figure 14
Figure 14 TypicTypical example of weld made usinal example of weld made using pressure – Double row of staggeg pressure – Double row of staggered, spacered, spaced spot weldsd spot welds
1
1 55
5 5
4 4 2
2
3 3
Key Key 1
1 WeWeld ld lelengngthth 2
2 WeWeld ld pipitctchh 3
3 StStagaggegerr
4
4 RoRow w pipitctchh 5
5 EdEdge ge didiststanancece
Figure 15
Figure 15 TypicTypical examplal example of weld made using pre of weld made using pressuressure – Projectioe – Projection weldn weld
1 1 3
3
2 2
Key Key 1
1 WeWeld ld nunuggggetet 2
2 NugNugget get diadiametmeterer
3
3 NugNugget get thithickncknessess
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Noo. . TTeerrm m DDeefifinniittiioonn 22 048
22 048 pitch pitch of of projectionsprojections distandistance ce betwebetween en adjacadjacent ent projeprojection ction centrcentres es in in a a directdirectionion parallel to the joint line [see Figure 13a), item 2, Figure 13b), parallel to the joint line [see Figure 13a), item 2, Figure 13b), item 2, and Figure 13c), item 2].
item 2, and Figure 13c), item 2].
NOTE
NOTE IllustIllustratioration from n from BS EN BS EN ISO 17ISO 17659.659.
22 049
22 049 weld weld pitchpitch In In a a doubdouble le row row of of spot spot weldweldss, distance between adjacent, distance between adjacent weld centres in a direction parallel to the joint line
weld centres in a direction parallel to the joint line (same as (same as
‘‘stagger’’; see Figure 14, item 2)
‘‘stagger’’; see Figure 14, item 2) NOTE
NOTE IllustIllustratioration from n from BS EN BS EN ISO 17ISO 17659.659.
22 050
22 050 foil foil thicknessthickness thickness thickness of of foil foil in in a a foil foil butt butt seam seam weld weld (see (see Figure Figure 16, 16, item item 3)3) NOTE
NOTE IllustIllustratioration from n from BS EN BS EN ISO 17ISO 17659.659.
22 051
22 051 nugget nugget thicknessthickness maximmaximum um heigheight ht of of nuggnugget et in in the the thickthickness ness direcdirection tion (see(see Figure 15, item 3)
Figure 15, item 3) NOTE
NOTE IllustIllustratioration from n from BS EN BS EN ISO 17ISO 17659.659.
22 052
22 052 projection projection heightheight height height of of projection projection prior prior to to welding welding [see [see Figure Figure 13a), 13a), item item 3,3, Figure 13b), item 3, and Figure 13c), item 3]
Figure 13b), item 3, and Figure 13c), item 3]
NOTE
NOTE IllustIllustratioration from n from BS EN BS EN ISO 17ISO 17659.659.
22 053
22 053 indentationindentation deprdepression ession on on the the exterexterior ior surfasurface ce or or surfacsurfaces es of of a a spot spot oror seam weld
seam weld 22 054
22 054 projection projection widthwidth In In elongated elongated projectionsprojections, width of projection, transverse to, width of projection, transverse to the joint direction [see Figure 13b), item 7]
the joint direction [see Figure 13b), item 7]
In annular projections
In annular projections, difference between the inner and, difference between the inner and oute
outer r radiuradius s of an of an annuannular projectiolar projection [see n [see FiguFigure 13c), re 13c), item 7]item 7]
NOTE
NOTE IllustIllustratioration from n from BS EN BS EN ISO 17ISO 17659.659.
22 055
22 055 foil foil widthwidth widtwidth h of of foil, foil, measumeasured red transtransverse verse to to the the joint joint axis axis (see(see Figure 16, item 2)
Figure 16, item 2) NOTE
NOTE IllustIllustratioration from n from BS EN BS EN ISO 17ISO 17659.659.
Figure 16
Figure 16 Foil Foil buttbutt-seam -seam weldweld
3 3
4 4
2 2
4 4
1 1
Key Key 1
1 FoFoil il lelengngthth 2
2 FoFoil il wiwidtdthh
3
3 FoiFoil l thithickncknessess 4
4 FoiFoil cl contontact act sursurfacfacee
BS 499-1:2009 BS 499-1:2009 BRITISH STANDARD
BRITISH STANDARD
BSI 2008
BSI 2008 .. 2727
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Noo. . TTeerrm m DDeefifinniittiioonn 22 056
22 056 projection projection lengthlength lengtlength h of of an an elongelongated ated projeprojection ction [see [see FiguFigure re 13b), 13b), item item 6]6]
NOTE
NOTE IllustIllustratioration from n from BS EN BS EN ISO 1ISO 176597659.. 22 057
22 057 foil foil lengthlength lengtlength h of of foil, foil, paralparallel lel to to the the joint joint axis axis (see (see FigurFigure e 16, 16, item item 1)1) NOTE
NOTE IllustIllustratioration from n from BS EN BS EN ISO 1ISO 176597659.. 22 058
22 058 weld weld nuggetnugget zone zone in in a a spot, spot, seam seam or or projeprojection ction weld weld wherwhere e the the metal metal hashas been melted (see Figure 17)
been melted (see Figure 17)
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Noo. . TTeerrm m DDeefifinniittiioonn 22 059
22 059 indentation indentation depthdepth depth depth of of permanent permanent indentation indentation of of joint joint surface surface produced produced byby
22 059 indentation indentation depthdepth depth depth of of permanent permanent indentation indentation of of joint joint surface surface produced produced byby