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2 Thei·c is o highly s it;n i.f :ic,:m t inc rease in the p revalence o f blood

s p l � sh in c ar c a s e s and o r gans from ru1ima l s s tunned b y

a

' l1ea d-only '

T!1(' LhoJ af; comp a r eu t o tha t from

animal s s tunned

by ' he a d - t o---body '

method s .

3 . Tli C' r c

i s an in creased

rate

o f pH d e c line in some mu s c l e s und erly ing

suh c utanco u o; fat \·: i t h severe s p e c k l in g

as

compared to the pH d e c l in e o f simil a r mu s c l e s a s s o c ia t e d with l e s s ex tens ive speckling o f the

s uhcut :meous f a t .

4 .

The one s tage pro th-:-omh i ll L hr1e r.1c a s u r e cl on

indiv:i_clual

blood samples

f rom 100 Jan'bs var ied fro!'I 13

L o

24

s e c on d s \v i t h a mean

of 16 . 6 seconds .

5 . E::rtcnc1 cc1

one'

s t: J gc pro tlwoml) j n

t ime s are n o t a s so c iated '>v i t h an

:1 ;;JEUD' I C:'/ i cm

t h e

Uvo r.tc' L ) , , , r[ � . o f

stum , _Lng

c n n lw r c l :1 t c cl t o d i f f erenc e :--; in t l 1 c u c t i o l o r,y

;m rl

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K:i 1: ton

c l a l . , 1 9 7 8 ; J31a c krwrc

an d

Nc·\·.'tJouk , 1 9 3 ?. ;

C U h r · r t <end D r · v j n e ,

) 9 8 2 )

b u t

a l t ho:<;h

:i t ] : as ] , L• cn

o;ugge: . t cd the1 t

;, , l

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r e c o r d e d ;n· i o r t u

:; t urm Jn(; ( C i l b c r t

alld l J L-vin e ,

1 9 B 2 ) .

t h c r e f

o r e c'u g ;c, c s t ecl hy t h e r; c uo rkc· J s t ha t s p eck} i n g is n o t r el a t e d t o Howeve r ,

i t wou ld

app c· 0 r tha t

t h e d u r a t i o n .sncl

inten �; i t y

o f mu s c u. l d r a c t iv j ty

f o l l mv :i ng

d i f f e ren t

n:e thcd s

of c J. cc t r ic.:::. l

s t un n in z

llas

n o t p r cviouo; J y b e en

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2 p i1 1' t

f r om the Horlz rcp cll� L c-J in C1np l l? 1:

S i x o f

t h i s uw �� i s .

On e o f

the m:Ji n fc;:: turcs

o f ' h ead-- t o -- b o d y ' �; t unn in['; i s t h a t i t c a u s e s h�ill(:cl L l t c cn n1 -i a c dy �; f unc t :i on

( Blacbno r e aiHi l'c l cr �;cn , 1 9 8 1 )

and

s ub r: -::q�1en t c c :� :: :� LL o n of

b lood

fJ 0\v . I t lu'L S b e en sll o'vm hy P c n r sm1 c L

al .

( 1 () 7 7 )

tlia'L: e lec t ri c a l

�· ;�umt :i. n [', e> [ lar,,[ , s c a u s e �: 2 s c c r c t . ion o f

HOl'<:cclL·c·na l

ine and a d r enal i n 0 i n t o th� b l ood s t re a m r c s u l t in['; i 11 l e v e l s r c s p c c t J vc J y

1n t h e c a s e o f

1 h c :H� ---t o---h o d y ' f',

t

Hnn in z; , t he a d r c :• :1 J i.nc v:ou l c1 n �' t h e c i r e u L1 t eel vhc r e a ,�

l / 'i

] l l t >c;;·] v • · : ; : t ] : : ., ] > : 1 1 L i r · u l : 1 r J y t· lJ,:l ; ; , · i : 1 t ] , , • : : L i n :: n : � J :: . J c " ; � : : i

(T i ( · t :-:;

li ' H:

J l: : 1 1 ,

1 9 / l ) .

1\ : ;

\ 1 : ·: - n·

L; rl i • J u t : �'.l' )' ii : \ Y 1 � 1 u" d fl or i , UliJ L :-d c t .i on o f .':m,l l .l v r • o : :-; c · J :;

�12}�1;� 1 ��

0

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t_ll_c:_i !'_] !_2 c p:;_l�:<_ t_� O!]_

Lm,;b s i rm>!

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tllrosc· s tucl:i e:-: .

'fhey

sawe

hn:cd . i\11. an irr1:d

r; 1:/ C: Y C d e n i ce! <t C C: (• E> S t o f o o d a n d \·i <:l t c r f o r 2 !r hours

Tll e t e n

l a!!1tJ S

m; ed i n t h e

f irs t o f the s t u cl i c.c:

h'C' r e p n· p , J r c d by l h <c• f o l l ow i n z s u r g i c: a } p r o c e d u r e s :

The 1 i1Etl, s w e n� j ll i ti f1 U y a n a l' o; t 1lC' t:i s cc1 by j n u· a v c n o u :-� :i n j e c t io n o f

f o l J. m.,;c:d

by int ul> a t iun and

L h 1.' ac>,d n i �; t ra t J o n o f a 11 :d o th<tn0 and ozygcn mix tu.rc

cl ur j_ng

t he o p e r a t i o n .

T!tc

f c ,no r a l a r t e r y awJ o;<1 p h c no 1Y; vc· i n

o f the r _i ght

h i n.lJcg

\,• a s expo s e d n n d ,1

60

cm l onz p o l y c t h y l cnc•

tu1)c wi t h

a

3

mm f? X l e rna] d i ::·mc t c r w a s .i n c: c r: t ccl

i n c�tch vcs:::; c l .

The c <.mnul ac vJ e l' e

gen t l y pushed i nto the ves s e l s

t ; n t:i 1 t h e y r e a cl J c cl a

p o i n t j us t

c o u d a l to t h e d j aph1·agm in t h e a o l" t <t '-> l i d tl tc•

cawl :cd_ vena

C <-1 v a

rcspc c t ivPly .

H o t h c ann u l a e v:c r e f lu shed n n cl f :i l l e d w i th s cd inc

( n p p roxima t r: l y

2 . 5

ml )

and

p ro v i d e d \·d. t h a t:c:' o--·v.ray L; p on th e i r e:.-: t c: rl\ 2 1 f r e e e n d �; \vh i eh \-! e r e h c l cl in p n s i t ion cl u r i n g r e c o v c · ry

;md t h C'

ov< T n i gh r e r: ci ng

period by

_R_:::_oc:_t_I.:�·":_i� 1_L_ _<l_��cl ___

:-

, 1 __ a u ;;1J t_e_!._

Du r i n g 1 \l :·

c :-: p e r ·i Jcc· n t ;o , t �w Lmi 1 ::; \·:ere p L1 c ccl in <1

�-: L :1 U oncry

n• s t rn -[ J J c: r o f f::imi Ll r �;!Jc; p c le' t l t e mo v inf', c u : < '-·l'yo rs u;, ccJ a t t h e mc· n L

1-JOrb; ( l ' l ;l t c· 8 . 1 ) .

PLATE 8 . 1 SHEEP IN RESTRAINING CRATE BEING STUNNED BY

THE ' HEAD-TO-BACK ' METHOD

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