Chapter 2 of this thesis introduces the South African west coast as the case study area.
It places this thesis in the context of the current understanding of marine unconsolidated sediment in South Africa. Chapter 2 also provides a comprehensive description of the physical environment on the South African west coast.
Chapter 3 determines the first seascapes for the unconsolidated sediments of South Africa through multivariate analyses. This explorative study investigates the seascape diversity and relates it to particular physical variables in order to improve the current seascape classification framework.
The macro-infaunal communities will be explored through multivariate analyses in Chapter 4, where community distributions will be related to key driving processes. These relationships will then be included in a broader conceptual framework for the classification of marine unconsolidated sediments. A biotope habitat classification will be produced and biotopes identified in support of the developed framework.
In Chapter 5 the utility of habitat classifications are tested using the canonical analysis of principle coordinates (CAP). Habitat classifications based on data-driven seascapes (Chapter 3) and an existing habitat classification based on expert-opinion are compared to each other and to the biotope classification (Chapter 4) in an effort to determine the best type of marine habitat classification.
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In order to identify a unifying biodiversity pattern for the South African west coast in Chapter 6, two different species richness metrics are used to determine the relationship between species richness and depth. Species density (spp.sample-1) and the extrapolative capture-recapture heterogeneity model applied in the Bayesian framework are utilised.
In Chapter 7, the patterns established in the previous chapters are used to inform the setting of conservation targets based on the species-area relationship for unconsolidated sediments of the South African west coast. A rarely-used species richness estimator, the Multi-species Site Occupancy Model is introduced into the accepted methodology to improve its efficiency.
The first systematic conservation plan for unconsolidated sediment in South Africa is produced in Chapter 8 as a practical demonstration of how to use this thesis in management planning. This chapter aims to determine priority biodiversity areas for marine unconsolidated sediment habitats.
The final chapter (Chapter 9) synthesises the results of these studies and suggests future research areas based on knowledge gaps identified in this thesis.
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