Modern engines from 1996 onwards in the US domestic auto market, and around 2002 in European vehicles need electronics for the electrolyer (HHO generator) to work correctly.
In chapter 2, OBD2 (On-Board Diagnostic V2.0) systems found in modern vehicles was briefly covered, together with oxygen sensors (O2) to compensate for any unburned fuel.
The On-Board Diagnostic’s Role
The OBD2 system does not increase mpg, or even performance in most
cases.
It is just a computer brain with many chips and individual circuits, all connected to various output sensors.
These "read" out the data in millivolts or volts or in resistance (ohmage), in turn giving their feedback to the brain PCM (Powertrain Control Module) or ECU (Electronic Control Unit).
PCM and ECU mean the same thing. The former is the US language version while the other is the European name.
The PCM has a multitude of internal pre-programmed parameters which adjust according to these sensors’ reading. They either lean out the fuel if it is found too rich, or increase the fuel to air ratio if the engine is running lean on fuel.
The catalytic converter serves to burn out any unburned fuel vapors and the O2 sensors are there to tell the PCM to lean out the mixture because the fuel isn't being burnt fully.
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While there is some slight fuel economy in this system, it is NOT primary there for better consumption but because of MANDATORY LEGISLATION imposed on automobile manufacturers regarding the environmental issues.
Despite all this modern technology, our engines are not even capable of utilizing the full fuel consumption into a 100% burn ratio. Most vehicles waste at least 55-73% of the fuel it sucks in!
Modern electronic circuits have been invented, known as the EFIE (Electronic Fuel Injection Enhancer), for any cars produced with OBD systems from 1996 in the US and approximately in 2002 for European vehicles.
Older vehicle without electronic management PCM/ECU will not need any additional devices such as the EFIE.
The EFIE modifies the sensors' readings to a normal and acceptable level so that the fuel in not enriched.
When HHO kit produces the resultant hydroxyl gas the engine’s fuel is being burnt at around 99.9% of the fuel volume entering the engine. Through such optimization of fuel efficiency which the engine parameters are not used to, the PCM reads this as a lean mixture. Automatically the program has specific parameters to compensate for lean mixtures in various increments, therefore more additional fuel is added, according to how lean the sensors readings are.
The best and most accurate way of compensating the oxygen sensors’
readings is to install the EFIE, even though there are other means you can use
to overcome this problem.
The only problem with other methods is that accuracy is not an option without the EFIE.
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Oxygen Sensors (O2)
The role of an oxygen sensor (02) in conjunction with the PCM is to inform the computer about the amount of oxygen in the system. This is accomplished by providing a voltage on its signal wire. Voltage signals can vary between 0V and 1V. Higher values signal that too much gas is used and lower values mean that the mixture is lean.
When an HHO generator is installed it actually works against the O2 sensor’s principle as less fuel enters the system while more oxygen is present from the hydroxy gas. As less fuel volume is being consumed and out of that volume 99.9% is being fully burnt, the sensors will have a very low voltage reading in the region of 0V, so the PCM adds more fuel into the circulation of the intake manifold.
It is not uncommon that modern OBD2 equipped engines without any modification to the oxygen sensors will actually waste more fuel with a HHO generator compared to prior the installation!
The reason is because of this reading, NOT because the generator is not
functioning.
Installing one of these EFIE which is an electronic circuit with 4 wires will correct this and the fuel consumption WILL decrease.
The EFIE function in simple terms
By adding voltage to the oxygen sensor it renders the ECU unaware of the additional oxygen used in the combustion process maximizing fuel efficiency.
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This device is capable of varying the resistance automatically in order to obtain a constant voltage reading, regardless of the real voltage output before the sensors.
Most cars have oxygen sensors before and after the catalytic converter. The EFIE device needs to be used ONLY on sensors before the converter.
The sensors that come after the catalytic converter are used only to determine when the converter has gone bad and have no role in determination of the air/fuel mixture.
HHO gas also increases gasoline combustion efficiency which increases the amount of oxygen exiting you cylinders and thus making your catalytic converter work less.
Note:
In D.I.Y. guides these are not included as mandatory, as obviously not everyone will need them. But they will be mentioned and explained as I did.
So if you need one of these devices, the best reputable company distributing the EFIE device as ready made products, which only need to splice into 4 of the vehicle’s wires, they can be found at: Fuel Saver-MPG Inc.
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