Chapter 4. Image management
4.3 SSH key management
4.3.3 Use IBM SmartCloud Entry key pairs
If you have a key pair that was generated by using IBM SmartCloud Entry and an instance that was deployed with the public key on it, you can access the deployed instance by using OpenSSH with the command that is shown in Example 4-4.
Example 4-4 SSH command to access an instance
ssh -i user1OpenStackKeyPair.pem [email protected]
You can also use PuTTYto access the instance. However, PuTTY allows only certain types of key pairs. Therefore, if you created a key pair with IBM SmartCloud Entry, you might need to convert this first, and then import the private key to PuTTY.
1. Complete these steps to open the PuTTY Key Generator: a. Click Conversions Import key.
b. Select the private key that you downloaded from IBM SmartCloud Entry. c. (Optional) Add a pass phrase for the private key.
d. Click Save private key.
2. Complete these steps to open the PuTTY authentication agent: a. Click Add Key.
b. Select the private key that was converted and saved. c. Open PuTTY Configuration, and log in to the system.
Cloud-init
Instance
OpenSSH
SSH public key
SSH public key
Config
Drive
SSH private Key
Login
Appendix A.
Cloud architecture standards
Standards that are related to cloud architecture are briefly explained in 1.1.4, “Standards for cloud architecture and implementation” on page 4. Further details are provided in this Appendix. Developers in your organization are most likely to be interested in this chapter.
IBM Cloud Computing Reference Architecture
The IBM Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (CCRA) is a guide for designing and implementing a cloud computing solution. The CCRA helps to determine the preferred implementation in line with the functional and non-functional requirements of a prospective implementation. It defines the basic building blocks, such as the architectural elements that compose the cloud solution and the relationships between these elements. The CCRA also defines basic principles of managing cloud services.
The IBM CCRA includes the following additional characteristics:
Vendor and technology neutral: The IBM CCRA outlines the necessary functions for delivering cloud services, but it does not specify which tools to use to implement them. This increases flexibility for cloud service creators and providers. An example of this flexibility is that organizations can incorporate their existing infrastructure with solutions from multiple vendors in building and providing cloud services.
Focused on open standards: The IBM CCRA promotes standards-based rather than proprietary tools, allowing organizations to select from a broad array of IBM and non-IBM hardware and software.
Based on service-oriented architecture (SOA): SOA is defined by The Open Group (http://www3.opengroup.org/subjectareas/soa) to be “an architectural style that supports service orientation. (It is) a way of thinking in terms of services, service-based development, and the outcomes of services.”
In the IBM CCRA, cloud computing solutions as inherently SOA solutions, although not all SOA solutions are cloud computing solutions. Figure A-1 provides an overview of the IBM CCRA.
Figure A-1 The Cloud Computing Reference Architecture
In line with the CCRA are the roles and service models described in “The IBM Cloud Computing Reference Architecture” on page 4.
Cloud service consumer Hybrid cloud integration Consumer in-house IT Cloud service creator Service creation tools
Cloud service provider Cloud services
Infrastructure
Security, resiliency, performance and consumability Governance Infrastructure-as-a-service Platform-as-a-service Software-as-a-service Business process- as-a-service Existing and 3rdparty services, partner ecosystems
Common cloud management platform (CCMP) Operational support services (OSS) Business support services (BSS)
Common Cloud Management Platform
The CCMP is a set of functions that delivers and manages cloud services. A cloud services provider uses a CCMP to make cloud services available. The CCMP does not specify which software products or tools to use to meet these requirements. The selection of tools is made during the architecture process of a cloud service solution. Therefore, the CCMP functions are used to define the appropriate services models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, or BPaaS) of cloud services. Figure A-2 shows the CCMP platform.
Figure A-2 The Cloud Computing Management Platform
The CCMP includes the following components:
Business Support Services (BSS): BSS functions are for the business management of cloud services, including these services:
– Determining pricing for cloud services – Billing for cloud services
– Publishing cloud service offerings in a manner that people who use cloud service can easily access and request them
– Determining whether cloud service requests are approved – Accounts payable and receivable
Cloud services Common cloud
management platform Servicemanager
Business manager
BSS – Business support services OSS – Operational support
services Deployment architect Security and risk manager Customer care Existing and 3rdparty services, partner ecosystems BPaaS SaaS PaaS
IaaS Service provider portal and API Transition manager Operations manager Cloud service creator Cloud service provider
Service creation tools
Serv
ice
consumer portal and
A P I Serv ice dev e lopment portal and A P I
Service delivery catalog
Service automation management
Charge and configuration management Image lifecycle management Provisioning Incident and problem management IT Service level management Capacity and performance management IT Asset and license management Monitoring and event management
Platform & virtualization management
Customer account management Service offering catalog Service offering management Contracts and agreement management Service request management Order management Subscription management Pricing Entitlement management
Metering Rating Billing
Clearing and settlement Accounts payable Accounts receivable Service request management
Not all business support services that are listed in the CCRA are part of every cloud services solution. As an example, in a private cloud, your company can choose not to process charge-backs to users, and so accounts payable and accounts receivable services are not necessary.
Operational Support Services (OSS): OSS functions are for the operational management of cloud services, including the following services:
– Provisioning assets to fulfill the cloud service request.
– Managing assets and licenses that are associated with fulfilling a cloud services request.
– Resolving incidents and fixing root causes of problems that interfere with delivery of cloud services.
– Managing and virtualizing the underlying infrastructure. – Monitoring the cloud environment.
– It is possible that some OSSs might not be a part of a particular cloud solution. For example, a simple private cloud might not have the capacity and performance management tools implemented.
For more information, see Introduction and Architecture Overview, IBM Cloud Computing
Reference Architecture 2.0 on The Open Group website:
https://www.opengroup.org/cloudcomputing/uploads/40/23840/CCRA.IBMSubmission.02282 011.doc
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This IBM Redpaper publication describes our newest product for helping businesses enter the world of cloud technology: IBM SmartCloud Entry, Version 3.1. This software includes the IBM Common Cloud Stack, which is powered by open source OpenStack from the OpenStack Foundation. These products work together to help you move your business to the cloud. This paper explains the ways that you can take advantage of this extensive and powerful technology. With the power of cloud computing, you can enhance your existing services, extend your market reach, and create new markets for your services. IBM SmartCloud Entry V3.1 is easy to use, even for first-time cloud service users. It can enable you to benefit from cloud technology in less time and with less effort than you might think.
This Redpaper features two scenarios that demonstrate the ease of carrying out processes with IBM SmartCloud Entry software. The information is directed to two primary audiences. Chapter 1 is directed mainly to decision-makers, such as CEOs, CIOs, and CFOs, who need to know about cloud technology and the power that it offers. The remainder of the paper is directed to IT professionals, such as information architects, business intelligence administrators, and database administrators, who need to know about the functions and capabilities of SmartCloud Entry and Common Cloud Stack.