Variance explained

The first evaluation procedure was to determine whether the model has the ability to explain the variance in the dependent variables. Table 6.17 below lists the R2 values for the dependent variables. Only 7% of the variance in e-privacy risk concerns was explained by e-privacy awareness. Perceived e-privacy protection, social norms, prior e-services experience, and e-privacy risk concerns explained 28% of the variance in perceived trustworthiness of e-government services. Also 26% of perceived usefulness of e-government services was explained by social norms, e-privacy risk concerns, perceived e-privacy protection, and perceived trustworthiness of e-government services. The model explained 36% of variability in the intention to use e-government services.

Table 6-17 R square values

Construct R 2

E-privacy risk concerns 0.07

Perceived trustworthiness of e-government services 0.28 Perceived usefulness of e-government services 0.26 Intention to use e-government services 0.36

6.4.2. Assessment of path coefficients

The second criterion used to validate the structural model was significance of the path coefficients. It was assessed by evaluating the t-values of the proposed relationships. All of the proposed hypotheses specify direction of the proposed relationship so a one tailed test could be used. The Smart PLS bootstrapping calculation technique was used to generate the t-values. Table 6.18 below lists the values for path coefficient, standard deviation, and t-value for each of the proposed relationships.

Table 6.18 below shows that t-values for seven of the paths were significant, but that the following paths were not significant:

 Social norms to perceived trustworthiness of e-government services;  Prior e-services experience to perceived trustworthiness of e-government

services;

 E-privacy risk concerns to perceived usefulness of e-government services;  Perceived trustworthiness of e-government services to perceived usefulness

Table 6-18 Significance of path coefficients

**p <0.01 ***p <0.001

6.5.

Hypotheses testing

The research model has 11 hypotheses as shown in Figure 4.1. Figure 6.3 below summarises the results of the testing.

Path Path coeff. Std. dev. t values H1: Social norms  Perceived usefulness of e-government

services 0.46 0.05 9.64

***

H2: Social norms  Perceived trustworthiness of

e-government services 0.05 0.05 1.09

H3: Prior e-service experience  Perceived

trustworthiness of e-government services 0.06 0.05 1.23 H4: E-privacy risk concerns  Perceived usefulness of

e-government services 0.04 0.05 0.87

H5: E-privacy risk concerns  Perceived trustworthiness of e-government services

-

0.14 0.05 3.11

***

H6: Perceived e-privacy protection  Perceived

usefulness of e-government services 0.12 0.05 2.58

**

H7: Perceived e-privacy protection  Perceived

trustworthiness of e-government services 0.46 0.04 10.47

***

H8: E-privacy awareness  E-privacy risk concerns 0.27 0.05 5.41*** H9: Perceived trustworthiness of e-government services

 Perceived usefulness of e-government services 0.05 0.06 0.97 H10: Perceived trustworthiness of e-government services

 Intention to use e-government services 0.48 0.04 11.49*** H11: Perceived usefulness of e-government services 

Intention to use e-government services 0.27 0.05 6.05

Social norms Intention to use e-government services R2= 0.358 Perceived trustworthiness of e-government Services R2= 0.277 Perceived usefulness of e-government services R2= 0.263 E-privacy awareness Perceived e-privacy protection E-privacy risk concerns R2_{= 0.071} Prior e-services experience 0.4 59 **_* 0.482 *** 0.057 0.274*** 0.4 56*_** 0.266 *** 0.122** 0.039 0 .0 5₃ 0.0 54 -0 .1 44 **

Figure 6.3 Structural model **Significant at p< 0.01 ***Significant at p<0.001

The results of the PLS model tests for each of the hypotheses are described below.

Hypothesis H1: Social norms will positively influence the level of perceived usefulness of e-government services.

Social norms demonstrated a significant positive influence on the level of perceived usefulness of e-government services. Therefore, this hypothesis was supported.

Hypothesis H2: Social norms will positively influence the level of perceived trustworthiness of e-government services.

Social norms did not demonstrate a significant influence on the level of perceived trustworthiness of e-government services. Therefore, this hypothesis was not supported.

Hypothesis H3: Prior e-services experience will positively influence the level of perceived trustworthiness of e-government services.

Prior e-services experience did not demonstrate a significant influence on perceived trustworthiness of e-government services. Therefore, this hypothesis was not supported.

Hypothesis H4: E-privacy risk concerns will negatively influence the perceived usefulness of e-government services.

E-privacy risk concerns had no significant influence on perceived usefulness of e-government services. Therefore, this hypothesis was not supported.

Hypothesis H5: E-privacy risk concerns will negatively influence the level of perceived trustworthiness of e-government services.

E-privacy risk concerns demonstrated a significant negative influence on the level of perceived trustworthiness of e-government services. Therefore, this hypothesis was supported.

Hypothesis H6: Perceived e-privacy protection will positively influence the level of perceived usefulness of e-government services.

Perceived e-privacy protection demonstrated significant positive influence on perceived usefulness of e-government services. Therefore, this hypothesis was supported.

Hypothesis H7: Perceived e-privacy protection will positively influence the level of perceived trustworthiness of e-government services.

Perceived e-privacy protection demonstrated significant positive influence on the level of perceived trustworthiness of e-government services. Therefore, this hypothesis was supported.

HypothesisH8: E-privacy awareness will positively influence the level of e-privacy risk concerns.

E-privacy awareness significantly influenced the level of e-privacy risk concerns. Therefore, this hypothesis was supported.

Hypothesis H9: Perceived trustworthiness of e-government services will positively influence the level of perceived usefulness of e-government services.

Perceived trustworthiness of e-government services impact was not demonstrated to have a significant influence on perceived usefulness of e-government services. Therefore, this hypothesis was not supported.

Hypothesis H10: Perceived trustworthiness of e-government services will positively influence the intention to use e-government services.

Perceived trustworthiness of e-government services demonstrated a significant positive influence on the intention to use e-government services. Therefore, this hypothesis was supported.

Hypothesis H11: Perceived usefulness of e-government services will positively influence theintention to use e-government services.

Perceived usefulness demonstrated a significant positive influence on the intention to use e-government services. Therefore, this hypothesis was supported.