First of all, mikazuki geri does not require the knee to be tucked up. The kicking leg is kept fairly straight and swung without a snap. This technique is similar to that of Furi-ken (swing arm strike which was a favorite technique of late Asai sensei).
Secondly, the whole foot instead of only a part (i.e. ball or heel) will land on the target. The kicking foot is typically pointing upward or vertically in Mikazuki geri. While in Mawashi geri the kicking foot is typically horizontal whether the ball or the top side of the foot is used.
Thirdly, the hip rotation movements are completely different. In Mikazuki geri the initial hip move is closer to that of the hip movement of Mae geri than that of Mawashi. In other words, the pelvis will be tucked up instead of a hip rotation move. Then the whole leg will be brought up and in the middle the hip will have a small but quick horizontal whip action which will bring the leg inward (toward the target). Even at the moment of contact, the hip is still facing forward like in Mae geri. The power of the kick comes from the whipping of the leg at the last moment, similar to Furi-ken.
Let’s look at Mawashi geri. We practice this kick more frequently, thus I assume the readers are more familiar with the kinesiology mechanism of this kick. The biggest difference is that the first movement of Mawashi geri is to lift your knee to the side as you intend to have a horizontal or an arc motion for its course. Obviously, the main power of the kick comes from the hip rotation and the reverse rotation of the upper body which creates a wringing motion then a sharp snapback of your kick. The hip will be totally rotated when you have an impact to the target.
So, we reviewed the mechanical differences between these two kicks which will lead you to contemplate and ask why mikazuki geri is not used in a tournament kumite. The answer is very simple and I am sure the readers can point out the reason. If you are a tournament competitor you can easily recognize that this technique is almost impossible to use to score a point. It is a kekomi so you will be disqualified if you execute a good mikazuki geri to jodan. If you go soft you will not get a point. This kick has no snapback thus it is very difficult for the judges to determine if your kick was good or ineffective. Regardless, from the tournament perspective it would be much easier to score a point thus “effective” if you use Mawashii geri in a shiai than a mikazuki geri.
Now here comes a big question. Were the Okinawan practitioners unable to do Mawashi geri or did they not have such a kick? The ancient Okinawan masters practiced karate for “life or death” combat. Is it then difficult to believe they never practiced Mawashi geri or did not use this kick? I know they knew and practiced this kick and I have proof. I purposely omitted mentioning the kata, Unsu. It is supposedly the most advanced kata of Shotokan (some argue that Hyakuhachiho, a forgotten shotokan kata, also known as Suparinpei in Shito-ryu and Gojuryu, is more complex and advanced). Unsu is the only kata out of all 26 JKA kata that has mawashi geri in it. If you are an advanced practitioner you know the particular technique that is executed after falling down on the ground. You will be laying on your right side bracing yourself with both of the forearms on the ground in front and kicking to the mid or lower section of the attacker. This is called de-ai (meeting face on) counter technique against an attacker who is attacking you with a strong oi zuki. I will discuss why mawashi geri is used in this context later in this article.
Let us examine first why the ancient masters did not deploy this kick in any other kata and kept it somewhat as a “hidden’ technique. Here are a few reasons.
(1) The exposure of the groin area with Mawashi geri
As I have mentioned before, Okinawan masters did not commonly include yoko geri in the kata. The yoko geri you see in Heian Nidan and Yondan were mae geri before Funakoshi changed it. In Shito-ryu, they still use mae geri in Pinan kata. Pinan is the Okinawan way of
pronouncing Heian and it is almost identical to Heian kata. The reason for avoiding yoko geri is the same, not to expose the groin area.
(2) Visibility
The second biggest short coming of mawashi geri is its visibility compared to Mae geri and mikazuki geri. To do a mawashi geri, you need to tuck your knee to the side which increases the visibility significantly. In budo this is considered as a poor move or idea.
(3) Technical complexity
The body mechanism of Mawashi geri is much more complex than that of Mae geri. To explain this mechanism in details we will need to spend much more space here, but this article is about Mikazuki geri and not Mawashi geri so I will skip this process here.
By investigating the Okinawan karate history we find the masters who were called “Keri no so and so” which means Master (his name) of kicks. A few names of those keri masters are Kinjo, Kiyatake and Ishimine. I am sure there were many others but unfortunately not much writing history was left by the ancient Okinawan for two major reasons and both of them are tied to “secrecy”. One is the secrecy towards the governing clan of Satsuma from Japan. They forced “no weapon” laws upon the native Okinawans and karate practice was also prohibited. The other secrecy comes from the fact each master guarded his techniques from his opponents or the other Okinawa masters. So now you see that Okinawa masters did not want to use mawashi geri openly or frequently, for the reasons described above. Then let’s get back to the earlier question. Why is mawashi geri used in Unsu which is supposedly the most advanced kata of JKA? The key to this question is its unique execution of this technique. This kick does not come from a normal stance like zenkutsu dachi but rather you fall to the ground first, then, execute this kick from the prone position. So we must ask a critical question (which you dared to ask your sensei), “Why would a person fall down like this to execute a kick? Isn’t that a crazy move? Give me one convincing reason why you need to fall down first before you execute a kick. You may say “Hey it is a surprise technique”. But I must counter by saying “It is a self-destructive move and not a wise one”. Some of you may say, “From the ground you can sweep the opponents’ leg and take him down. I have seen a demo done by Tanaka sensei doing that particular technique.” I have seen that demo too so, your claim is supported but what we must bring to your attention is how Tanaka sensei was positioned at the beginning of this demo. Yes, he was sitting in seiza (Japanese style kneeling position) and not standing. This is a critical point and it means he did not need to fall down as he was already “down”. He also did the technique differently from the way it is performed in Unsu. Specifically, he was not lying down but he had his kick supported by kneeling on the left leg and using one (left) extended arm to support the leaning upper body while he did his mawashi geri. We must note that neither his forearms nor hands were used to support his upper body as required in this kata. These requirements make it very difficult to perform this kick in an effective way.
In Unsu, when you get to the execution of this kick, you will realize another very interesting thing. We are told that we are to do mawashi geri but you will find it is not a real mawashi geri in the strict sense. It is actually closer to the movement of mae geri. So what does this mean?
This is the typical way for the ancient masters to hide a certain technique in a kata. You can practice bunkai all you want from the standing position as it is done in a kata but the real bunkai is from the seiza position as that is the typical way of sitting in Japan. You will realize a mae geri is very hard to execute from seiza even though Asai sensei showed it can be done. From this position mawashi geri is much easier and more effective. Another merit of this execution is how it looks. By looking at this kick, an outsider would not recognize this kick as a mawashi geri as it looks closer to a mae geri, so you can hide a mawashi geri in this kata. There
was no text book in the 19t h century to describe each kata movement. It was only the early
part of last century when the late Funakoshi published karate books where he introduced kata with pictures that resulted in a revolution in karate learning. Until then, each move was taught only through verbal instructions. So were the Bunkai.
Now, let’s go back to the very first question. Is Mikazuki geri an extinct kick? By now the readers have enough information so I really do not need to answer the question. It is true that, in the tournaments I have participated in and observed over many years, I have never seen anyone executing Mikazuki geri in a kumite match let alone scoring a point for a Mikazuki geri. However, what I have witnessed in recent tournaments is a combination of mae geri and a smaller version of Mawashi geri, called a flop kick. This flop kick is a little snap kick that is generated by a quick hip vibration and a whipping of the foot which is very similar to the mechanism used in Mikazuki geri. Since it is almost impossible to score a point with Mikazuki geri, the tournament fighters have improvised and created a mini or modified Mawashi geri that they could score with especially if you can show a good snap back after the kick.
Even though Mikazuki geri in a strict sense is not seen or used in kumite matches, the mechanism of this kick has been adopted among competitors as I explained above. Since Mikazuki geri can be a dangerous kick, it is used only in a defensive movement such as a wrist or arm slap block against chudan zuki, if practiced at all. The real application is not like that at all. It is a stomping kick typically to jodan which is a knock out kick. The only person who could demonstrate this technique well was Asai sensei. He not only showed the variety of Furi ken techniques with his arms/fists but also Mikazuki geri as an attacking technique to jodan. Furi ken is effective and lethal but not commonly practiced in our dojo.
I hope the readers have realized that a Mikazuki geri can be used in a real fighting situation and can deliver a devastating effect. I also hope the readers will agree that mikazuki geri is far from either an extinct kick or an antique kick that is preserved only in a museum of kata. If you have not added Mikazuki geri in your kihon and kumite, maybe now you would want to add this kick to expand your repertoire of the kicking techniques.