CHAPTER 4 DATA PRESENTATION ‐ INTERVIEWS
4.2 Why double‐shift?
Although all three participants preferred the name afternoon session Ms Kondjee indicated that the kind of name used does not matter at all as long as the meaning is clear. She also claimed that most people use all three names interchangeably. For the focus groups it did not really matter which name was used but they all referred to the double‐shift system or just plain “afternoon session”.
In response to a question regarding the origin of the double‐shift system and the reasons why it was introduced to the Namibian education system, all three participants said that the Apartheid regime introduced the system only in the black schools because they did not regard Black education as a matter of concern. According to the participants not a single double‐shift school was ever established in a residential area for those who were politically, economically and socially advantaged. This reality was emphasised by Mr Tjeripo when he said, “This system was only introduced in the black schools. Even the schools for the Coloureds and Basters did not have double‐shift sessions.” Members of FG2 were of the opinion that if Government could introduce the system in the former Coloured or white schools it would be fair, as it seemed to them that it has only been introduced in Katutura (a former Black only township) schools. One member emphasised this by saying:
Why do only the Katutura principals accept the double‐shift? Why don’t they refuse like the principals in town or Khomasdal (former Coloured and Basters only township)? I think the double‐session issue depends on the principals.
Another member said that the parents in the former black townships are actually to be blame as they have a preference for certain schools. They would rather their children go to a certain school even if that school is not in their area. As a result some schools become more overcrowded than others and the obvious solution is double‐shifts.
Another member from FG1 had the following to say on the same issue:
The double‐shift schools are only in the disadvantaged areas which are unfortunately the former black only townships. Due to the fact that parents do not have transport to send
their children to schools in other suburbs they prefer to send their children to these schools, although one might find space in some of the former advantaged schools. So double‐shift schools are here to stay. It is not a case of those schools being earmarked for discrimination; these are simply the schools that are nearest to the community. They can walk and have easy access. These are the schools that are earmarked for the platoon system. The learners of the afternoon session schools in Namibia comprised two groups who attended school at different times of the school day. Each of these groups uses the same school facilities at different times. After independence the Namibian government replaced a huge number of inadequate temporary classroom structures such as the tree‐schools with permanent ones. But still the government could not build sufficient schools, to be able to replace the double‐shift schools.
The school of Mr Tjeripo was for example built after independence to accommodate learners in a new suburb in Katutura, but the enrolment numbers have increased drastically. The Namibian government had no other choice than to introduce an afternoon session at St Boniface Primary School to address the problem temporarily. Mr Tjeripo stressed this idea when he said:
There was a demand at one stage, about five years ago, when we had five grade one classes. The demand was so high that we had to establish nine grade one classes at the school. The average number of learners per class was thirty‐eight to thirty nine. We were actually forced by the numbers to implement an afternoon session in order for us to accommodate the grade twos and threes; otherwise the learners would end up on the street.
As indicated earlier there are several other schools in the former black only suburbs that have been operational under this system and one of these is the school of Mrs Somerset, Sunday Primary School. According to Mrs Somerset this school has had afternoon sessions for more than twenty years, before independence. Their school currently accommodates 1600 learners
in both sessions together. This scenario is proof enough that the government will not change the status quo in the near future.
One of the participants, Ms Kondjee (Head of Department of St Boniface Primary School and also head of the afternoon session), had a different reason why the government after independence has introduced the double session and is still continuing with it. According to her the government is to a certain extent addressing the staffing norms with the afternoon session. Ms Kondjee justifies her argument by mentioning the following:
Another school was overcrowded with teachers, in other words they were overstaffed. The government was supposed to accommodate those ten teachers. They thought that St Boniface Primary School was the right place to bring them because by that time we did not have an afternoon session. So they all started to work here and this is how the afternoon session was brought to our school, because of too many staff at one of the other schools in Katutura.
Another member from FG2 said that the existence or continuation of double‐shift schools is caused by the poor planning of the National Planning Commission: If they know for instance that in Windhoek this year so many children were born, obviously in about six years they will be ready for school. But I think they don’t cater in advance, they don’t plan in advance. If they thought in terms of the growth of the population, they could plan for the future, but most of the time they are trying to solve immediate problems and it is not working. All three participants as well as the focus groups agreed that the government, in order for it to overcome the educational difficulties, such as financial constraints and other educational challenges, introduced the afternoon session. The system, they argued, is catering for an increased efficient usage of human as well as other resources. This system is currently therefore an immediate solution to arrange for additional school places for learners but most probably also to arrange for additional places for surplus staff as Ms Kondjee elaborated earlier.