White Rose Research Online URL for this paper:
http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/98670/
Version: Accepted Version
Article:
Holroyd, J.D. (2016) What Do We Want from a Model of Implicit Cognition? Proceedings of
the Aristotelian Society, 116 (2). pp. 153-179. ISSN 0066-7374
https://doi.org/10.1093/arisoc/aow005
[email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Reuse
Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item.
Takedown
If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by
For Review Only
! " # $ "
For Review Only
!! "
# $ ! % & ' ( ' #
) *
!
! "
' !
" + ! !
, ,
! ' !
! !
- !
-! .
!
! ' "
/
, ! ! " !
!
!
! ! ! !
# # $ !
- % & # - '
- ( '
! !
! ,
!
! !
0 ,
For Review Only
1
, , %
! ! 2 , ! !
! 34 # 34 !
34 ! " 56 ! 7
( 18889 ) # ! * # #!
!
" / 56 !
: " 7 ( 1881- 6 ! ( : " 7 18819
"
" ! " " !
! " 5( 7 : 188;9
% 0 !
# * , ! #
!
! %
- - /
"
" ) * ,
) * ! ! <
! !
/ ! ) * /
"
< !
2 ,
!
! 5' 18 = $ ! 18 =9 5 9
!
! # ,
' ,
!
"
! #
, 56 ! >?>9 "
5 # 9
,
%
% 188> ! ! , - $ 18 @
! % ). . . * A 3
5 , % B' 9
For Review Only
C !
,
!
-!
!
! ' !
! "
!
# %
, 5 , 9
! , ! "
" . ,
" <
,
, ! , /
,
" # ,
%
! "
"
! "
" ' !
0
! !
#
! # ! 0
! .
! !
1
% 0 * D
E . D E
! ! 0 D E "
C
, ! ! " ! ,
1 $ #F )
* 5 9 518 @ @?9 !
C 0 3 * 5188=9
! ! "
3 * , 5 C19 / 5
9 $ " " "
! 5 3 CG9
For Review Only
@
-"
-!
! ) * .
* , !
, !
2 , % ) ,
! ! * 518 C @ 9 ( *
" *
! 518 G9 # : *
) * , 518 G9 $ ! *
*
, ! 518 @ 9
3 ! !
2
! # , ! # %
!
% " #
, # ! ! "
! !
! !
! !
* , !
!
" , 0
6 ! 518819
! , 0 5 ( 7 :
188;9 #
3 !
" ! , 0 ! ! "
2 5 6 !
* 518819 9 ! !
* ! , 0 5
" ! ! 9
!
) # ! *
" ! 56 ! : "
( 7 1881 ' 3 7 $ 188 9
! ! H * "
/ /
"
# ! . , 0 !
! " 2 5
For Review Only
=
6 ! * 9 ! ! .
! !
0
" " 5
" " ! ) " * 9 .
! .*
! ,
! ! "
# !
" ! *
!
! ,
# ! /
/ !
.* . 0
# / / "
$ ! 3 , #
! ! !
5
, # 9 !
" . !
! # !
" ! # !
/ /
"
3 2
! 539
# 5 .9 !
! %
! " ! B !
! . ,
" 0
! @3 " ) *
3
% . 3
. .
3 ! .
$ " ! "
, ,
! . !
<
. # !
. # ! ,
@ ! .* " "
3 , 0 % ,
" ! ! ,
. !
" I 6
For Review Only
G
, %
! " " 0
! !
! F !
" ,
/ ! 2 ! ! ,
- .
" 5 ! " ,
0
9-!
! ,
!
# % $ $ ! * $
! , ! !
$ ! ) # *
! !
, =
) *
!
/ *
, 5$ ! >9
!
* $ !
" !
! ! $ !
) * ,
! ! * 5 1=9G
$ ! "
# *
-! ,
F $ ! !
! / , ,
! ! ,
! " " ! "
" ,
!
$ ! * ! !
= $ ! 2 7 F ! && * 518889 # ! #
! 5 ! 9 "
0 ! ! "
G B $ ! * # ) * , !
! " * 5;9 "
0 # ! , $ ! #
For Review Only
;
, 5 !
.9 $ !
, ! . "
, 5 ) , * )
* 9 !
) * , !
! * 5 1=9
3
! # 5 ! .9 ! !
5 , 9 , ,
! < $ ! * !
* , .* ,
! ! .
.* , ! !
! , ! !
, !
! # .
! . !
!
, .
% $ ! 5 9
" ! ,
! . " "
! .
# ! ) *
* , # $ ! #
. " ! ,
! !
5 9
* , 5 "
, 56 ! >>;99 ! . 5 #
9 " ! ,
! , !
! /
! ! "
! * , ;
,
! / !
! !
& %' ' % & 518 89 ! "
# "
?
)" * ! - ! #
% & !
+ ! " % ! +
; " #
# ! . $ ! *
? % & #
For Review Only
?
+ , 3 5 , " 9 .
! #+ 5
"9 2 , 31 #+
5 " " 9
! +
#+-- " + #+ F
# !
% & 5
#
A "
" 9 ! 3
# / % !
" # ! ! .
! !
! /
-, ! ,
"
# ! / %
- #
- ( # ! /
#
# * , !
#
" , 5
9 ! "
" ! # , ! !
# 5 ,
* ! ! ! 9
! % & * " 5
! !
9> !
# # * ! 5
9 * , 5
! 9 ) # * " !
5 9 * ,
" ,
#
,
% & !
)
* 518 8 19
3 ! ) *
, ! !
# . # !
! , *
! !
! E ! )
> JJ J18 =J8CJ # # # # # # # #
For Review Only
>
* ! "
, * ! !
, # ! ! , !
, # !
5 9 ) #
*-#
* ! #
* " # !
F
!
) ' ! ! ,
# # < ' * ! !
) # #
* 518 = ;9 H "
5 9
# ! ! < !
! 3 ! , ,
* '
' ' '
! ! "
! 5
$ ! * !
5 $ ! 9 ! 9 2 ,
' ! )
* # " !
, ! 5 "
9 ! 0 ) *
! 5( " 188=9
! " !
' ! '
!
# ! , ,
! ! $ " !
,
2 !
! " !
5 , 188?9 !
" !
! !
! !
B! ! ' * !
, <
, 5 9 5 9 . 5
# 9 ! ,
5 9 1
For Review Only
8
! 5
9 5 !
9 5 !
9
! #
- 8
5 9
! !
, 5 9
K ! 5
! 9 " ! ! "
# . / /
# 5 9
* # # # ,
! K ,
' ) *
* ! # 0 * #
# # K " K
,
! #
< ) * ,
! 0 5
9 ,
!
0 5 * !
9 +
# K
" #
. !
K
! " ! - !
! ! 5 ,
# ! "
! 9 " "
!
+ (
" !
" ! <
( *
! "
! ! ! L
L 0 * !
8 < ! !
! ' *
" : F #F
For Review Only
5188? G@19
# !
!
#
+ ( " "
' %" "
- ) M NF O- % M N ! O- ( M
NF O*
" "
( 5188? ==C9 3
, 539 ! ! #
! /
! .
" ! ) "
N O- ! J N ! O- J ! N
O* * "
"
( #
* ) # ! *
5188? ==@9 . #
*
, 5188? ==@9 ) # * ! #
" " "
! 5 9
# 5.9 ! , ) "
-! - * ! !
! 0 ,
" " !
, "
# " "
" ! " ( * "
# ! 5188? =;1#
=;G9 " " ! %
" !
! " ! , (
3
( ) *
# #
) *
- !
( ) * 3
" #
518 1 ;>89 , !
5 ! 9
!
" !
! ! !
" ! !
For Review Only
1
) * ! 5 7 %
18 G9 ! !
5 =9 2 ,
# ! 5
9-# ! - # !
!
!
A / !
# !
! ! 5
) * 3 18 1 ;>;9 +
!
/ .
) *
! # "
! 3 "
!
# "
! " " " !
! ! # ! ! #
/ !
!
! +
. ' * !
# 518 G9 ' *
, ,
" 0
& ! !
< ! ,
,
! ) , *
,
! / < ' * ! 0
, ! # 0 !
0 " #
-,
!
! J , "
! !
! " 0
" ! # !
-< ! 5 ! 9
% 5 9
' " %
! !
. !
For Review Only
C
" !
4
# $ ! ! " #
# #
! !
" , !
# # ,
! ) * !
# !
! ! % ! !
! "
" !
2
"
! F !
!
! ! ! !
-5 + 188;
18 @9 ! ,
,
! !
/
) *
% , ! "
! ,
1 "
! "
, ! ! "
! " !
! !
6 +
H ! %
@= 4 %
%C ;P.
0 Q "
" R 2 % " ' + :3$
$ 3 % " H ! % - !
! " ! 18 @
! , ! #
,
1 ! 6 : " "
5 7 : 18 =9 % % 5 9 "
! !
For Review Only
@
! !
$ ! F + 0 ( ). . * !
# ! % F %
. % " 2 + !
3 ' , & + % B A
% A B ' 188; ).
. . 2 + % B *
A + JJ J
3 188= ) B, < 3 / A ! B,
* # , , C=5 9 18#@>
3 ( 18 1 ) * , ! * +
;1 5@9 ;??#;>?
+ ( 6 ! B + 6 ! ' B # % $
4 1881 ) F B, F . F ' !
F + 0 * - # , # ?1 ?C=K@?
6 ! + ( >?> )% + 0 *
- # , # =G =# ?
6 ! 2 7 % $ ( 1888 ) ! ! F % 6 >?>
>>>* # , C >KC1C
6 ! 2 % $ ( : : " 7 ( 1881 ) *
0 * .
# /519 ??# 81
6 ! 2 - : " : - 3 - . - >>; )<
A + 0 3 + * - ,
# CC5=9 = 8K@8
6 ! 2 : " : ( % $ 1881 ) , 0
* - # , # - ?15 9 G1#?
2 ' ' " F ! && 1888 " ' $ + ! .
" ' (3 H ! +
( " . B! . " 188= )3 ! 3
2 3 ! . B %
* - , # @ G ?KG1G
" ( B 6 : 188; ) ! 0 *
-, # @@ G@K ;1
( 188? ) . * - # GC@#GGC
For Review Only
=
######## 188? ) 5 F 9* . 0 ==1#=?=
( 18 G ) F * ' . 7 %
5 9# & <, H ! +
3 ' : 4 . 18 @ )
* - # $ 1 @C 5C9 CG>
+ 188? )F . ! * , G 5C9 C=;KC;C
18 @ ) . 3 *
CC = #=1C
7 6 : 18 = ) . 3 3 *
' 5 9 # 2 <, <, H ! +
7 % 18 G ) . * '
. 7 % 5 9# & <, H ! +
$ F 4 . 6 F 3 A 0 6 " (
3 6 188> ) ,
0 , !
* " 3 4 (1> C>#G>
$ 3 ! : ' ' % ! $ 3 3 #B & $ %
#( : : - . - 0 " % + - : ! %
+ - 2 & F % - & $ - 3 B! B - F A -
-: % - " 3 . - % % - F % - % (
-6 3 ' - % A - . 0 ' & F - A " . 18 @ )F
! ! ; ! *
-# @C ;G=# ;?=
$ ! A ) . ' F + 6 * #
# "
######### 18 = )A * 5 6 @>5@9
?88#?1C
$ #F : 18 @ * 7 + # * 5
<, H ! +
' B 18 = ) < + %
. * 5 6 8 J 18?>
' B 18 G )6 #2 * ' . 7 %
5 9# & <, H ! +
' 3 F ' $ 188 )F
! , *
-C;5=9 @C=#@@1
For Review Only
G
+ B ' . : 188; )4 !
* - , #
@C 5@9 =G=#=;?
% 18 C )H + * 2 " 7
: 5 98 # $ 8 5 7<, <,
H ! + C>#G8
% & B 18 8 ) 3 < + . ( .
< 6 . * # # 9 > =C K==C
A 7 6 : 18 G ) * F ' F
B, : . * ' . 7 % 5 9
# & <, H ! +