Grids and Web 2.0 supporting
eScienc
STEM Scholars Seminar
Indiana University Memorial Union
August 1 2007
Geoffrey Fox
Computer Science, Informatics, Physics Pervasive Technology Laboratories Indiana University Bloomington IN 47401
Community Grids Laborator
Technology Expertise
n
Web Service
and
Web 2.0
technologies for large scale
distributed systems -- largely to support
science
• Web Services: Integrate ideas in Enterprise Software into
science
• Web 2.0: Integrate ideas in Flickr Connotea Slideshare
Scribd and YouTabe into science
n
Geographical Information Systems
(e.g. Google Maps)
n
Streaming
Sensor data
(including audio-video streams)
n
Portals
(User Interfaces)
n
Parallel
computing to make
computers fast
Community Grids Laboratory Projects
n Funded by NSF NASA NIH DoE and DoD
n Cheminformatics – High Throughput Screening data and
filtering; PubChem PubMed including document analysis
n Interactive Particle Physics Data Analysis
n Earthquake Science predicting earthquakes using simulations
and satellite and GPS global positioning system Sensor Grid
n eSports collaboration for real time trainers and sportsman with
HPER IU School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation.
n Ice Sheet Dynamics – melting of Glaciers
n Navajo Nation Grid Education (Science Gateways) and
Healthcare
• Web 2.0 tutorial and distance education course spring 2007
n Architecture of Air Force Sensor and Decision support systems
Why Cyberinfrastructure Useful
n Supports distributed science – data, people, computers
n Exploits Internet technology (Web2.0) adding (via Grid
technology) management, security, supercomputers etc.
n It has two aspects: parallel – low latency (microseconds)
between nodes and distributed – highish latency (milliseconds)
between nodes
n Parallel needed to get high performance on individual 3D
simulations, data analysis etc.; must decompose problem
n Distributed aspect integrates already distinct components
n Cyberinfrastructure is in general a distributed collection of
parallel systems
n Cyberinfrastructure is made of services (usually Web
e-moreorlessanything and
Cyberinfrastructure
n ‘e-Science is about global collaboration in key areas of science,
and the next generation of infrastructure that will enable it.’ from its inventor John Taylor Director General of Research Councils UK, Office of Science and Technology
n e-Science is about developing tools and technologies that allow
scientists to do ‘faster, better or different’ research
n Similarly e-Business captures an emerging view of corporations as
dynamic virtual organizations linking employees, customers and stakeholders across the world.
• The growing use of outsourcing is one example
n The Grid or Web 2.0 (Enterprise 2.0) provides the information
technology e-infrastructure for e-moreorlessanything.
n A deluge of data of unprecedented and inevitable size must be
managed and understood.
n People (see Web 2.0), computers, data and instruments must be
linked.
n On demand assignment of experts, computers, networks and
storage resources must be supported
TeraGrid: Integrating NSF Cyberinfrastructure
TeraGrid is a facility that integrates computational, information, and analysis resources at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, the Texas Advanced Computing Center, the University of
Virtual Observatory Astronomy Gri
Integrate Experiments
Radio Far-Infrared Visible
Visible + X-ray
Dust Map
Galaxy Density Map
Grid Capabilities for Science
n Open technologies for any large scale distributed system that is adopted by
industry, many sciences and many countries (including UK, EU, USA, Asia)
• Security, Reliability, Management and state standards
n Service and messaging specifications
n User interfaces via portals and portlets virtualizing to desktops, email,
PDA’s etc.
• ~20 TeraGrid Science Gateways (their name for portals) • OGCE Portal technology effort led by Indiana
n Uniform approach to access distributed (super)computers supporting single
(large) jobs and spawning lots of related jobs
n Data and meta-data architecture supporting real-time and archives as well
as federation
• Links to Semantic web and annotation
n Grid (Web service) workflow with standards and several successful
instantiations (such as Taverna and MyLead)
n Many Earth science grids including ESG (DoE), GEON, LEAD, SCEC,
SERVO; LTER and NEON for Environment
Old and New (Web 2.0) Community Tools
e-mail and list-serves are oldest and best used
Kazaa, Instant Messengers, Skype, Napster, BitTorrent for P2P
Collaboration – text, audio-video conferencing, files
del.icio.us, Connotea, Citeulike, Bibsonomy, Biolicious manage
shared bookmarks
MySpace, YouTube, Bebo, Hotornot, Facebook, or similar sites
allow you to create (upload) community resources and share them; Friendster, LinkedIn create networks
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_networking_websites
Writely, Wikis and Blogs are powerful specialized shared
document systems
ConferenceXP and WebEx share general applications Google Scholar tells you who has cited your papers while
publisher sites tell you about co-authors
• Windows Live Academic Search has similar goals
Note sharing resources creates (implicit) communities
“Best Web 2.0 Sites” -- 2006
n
Extracted from
http://web2.wsj2.com/
nSocial Networking
n
Start Pages
n
Social Bookmarkin
n
Peer Production News
n
Social Media Sharing
n
Online Storage
Web 2.0 Systems are Portals, Services, Resources
n
Captures the incredible development of interactive
Web sites enabling people to create and collaborate
Mashups v Workflow?
n Mashup Tools are reviewed at http://blogs.zdnet.com/Hinchcliffe/?p=63 n Workflow Tools are reviewed by Gannon and Fox
http://grids.ucs.indiana.edu/ptliupages/publications/Workflow-overview.pdf
n Both include
scripting in PHP, Python, sh etc. as both implement distributed
programming at level of services
n Mashups use all
types of service
interfaces and do not have the potential
robustness (security) of Grid service
13
Grid Workflow Datamining in Earth Science
n Work with Scripps Institute
n Grid services controlled by workflow process real time
data from ~70 GPS Sensors in Southern California
Web 2.0 uses all types of Services
n
Here a Gadget Mashup uses a 3 service workflow with
Web 2.0 APIs
http://www.programmable
web.com/apis
has (May 14
2007) 431 Web 2.0 APIs
with GoogleMaps the most
often used in Mashups
This site acts as a “
UDDI
”
The List of
Web 2.0 API’s
Each site has API and
its features
Divided into broad
categories
Only a few used a lot
(
42 API’s
used in
more than
10
mashups
)
RSS feed of new APIs
4 more Mashups
each day
For a total of 1906
April 17 2007 (4.0 a day over last
month)
Note ClearForest
runs Semantic Web Services Mashup
competitions (not workflow
competitions)
Some Mashup
types: aggregators, search aggregators, visualizers, mobile, maps, games
Mash
Planet
Web 2.0
19
Searched on Transit/Transportation Searched on Transit/Transportation
Now to Portals
21
Grid-style portal as used in Earthquake Grid
The Portal is built from portlets – providing user interface fragments for each service that are composed into the full interface – uses OGCE technology as does planetary science VLAB portal with University of Minnesota
Portlets v. Google Gadgets
n
Portals for Grid Systems are built using portlets with
software like GridSphere integrating these on the
server-side into a single web-page
n
Google (at least) offers the Google sidebar and Google
home page which support Web 2.0 services and do not
use a server side aggregator
n
Google is more user friendly!
n
The many Web 2.0 competitions is an interesting model
for promoting development in the world-wide
distributed collection of Web 2.0 developers
n
I guess Web 2.0 model will win!
Building Distributed Systems or
Cyberinfrastructure for Science
n
One use
Web 2.0
which is more intuitive and has lower
barrier to entry
• Typically uses PHP
n
Or
Web Service
technology which is more powerful
(e.g. for security) but has a high learning and
infrastructure overhead
• Typically uses Java
n
One can use Grid resources like
TeraGrid
and/or
nWeb 2.0 capabilities like
MySpace
,
Google Maps
nWe try to use best of both worlds!
Workflows - Taverna
(taverna.sourceforge.net)
The first particle physics
experiment: The Big Bang
A Brief History of Time
Ø 10-43secs; 10-37 secs
Ø Gravity; Strong forces separate
Ø 10-35 secs
Ø Inflation
Ø 10-10seconds
Ø Quark-AntiQuark
Annihilation (CP Violation)
Ø 10 microseconds
Ø Quarks form protons, neutrons
Ø 380,000 years (last scatter) Ø Nuclei capture electrons,
form atoms; universe transparent to light
Ø 1.0 Gigayear
Closing CMS for the first time (July)
Ice Sheet Dynamics
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account and profile
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