Understanding and supporting personal information management across multiple platforms

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.BDMBC

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-JTU PG 5BCMFT YW

-JTU PG 'JHVSFT YY

*OUSPEVDUJPO

(10)

1IBTF

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1IBTF

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1IBTF

1BSU %FTJHO

1IBTF

(14)

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$PODMVTJPO

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1

*OGPSNBUJPO BO BTTFNCMZ PG EBUB JO B DPNQSFIFOTJWF GPSN DBQBCMF PG DPNNVOJDBUJPO BOE VTF

.BOBHFNFOU UIF QSPDFTT PG EFBMJOH XJUI PS DPOUSPMMJOH UIJOHT UP CF JO DIBSHF PG BO VOEFSUBLJOH UP BENJOJTUFS UP SFHVMBUF

*OGPSNBUJPO .BOBHFNFOU

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Acquisition

Organisation

Maintenance

Retrieval

'JHVSF #BSSFBVhT GPVS TUBHF DPODFQUVBM NPEFM GPS 1*.

(28)

$IBQUFS 4USVDUVSF

UIFSF JT JOTVďDJFOU SFTFBSDI FY QMPSJOH NPEFSO DSPTTQMBUGPSN QFSTPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO NBOBHFNFOU 1*. BT QFSGPSNFE CZ LOPXM FEHF XPSLFST

(29)

0CKFDUJWFT

5P EFWFMPQ BO VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG DSPTTQMBUGPSN 1*. BOE 1*. QSBDUJDFT JOWPMWJOH NPEFSO UBCMFU UFDIOPMPHZ

5P QSPQPTF BOE FWBMVBUF BO FNQJSJDBMMZHSPVOEFE NPEFM PG DSPTTQMBUGPSN 1*.

5P QSPQPTF JNQMFNFOU BOE FWBMVBUF B OVNCFS PG QSPUPUZQF TPęXBSF 1*.UPPMT UIBU BEESFTT UZQJDBM DSPTTQMBUGPSN 1*. DIBMMFOHFT

4DPQF

5P GPDVT PO UIF BDUJWJUJFT PG LOPXMFEHF XPSLFST JO UIFJS XPSLQMBDF

(30)

5P GPDVT PO UIF IJHIMFWFM BDUJWJUJFT PG DSPTTQMBUGPSN 1*.

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"HFOEB

Phase 1 Pilot Study Phase 2 Exploratory Study Prototypes Phase 3 Case Study Online Questionnaire Semi-structured Interviews Online Questionnaire Semi-structured Interviews Prototyping Semi-structured Interviews Diary Studies

Prototype Use & Logging

'JHVSF ćF UISFF QIBTFT PG UIF SFTFBSDI GPMMPXJOH GSPN UIF MJUFSBUVSF SFWJFX ćF JOTUSVNFOUT VTFE JO FBDI QIBTF BSF BMTP MJTUFE

3FTFBSDI $POUFYU

(33)

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5FSNJOPMPHZ

1FSTPOBM *OGPSNBUJPO .BOBHFNFOU 1*.

1FSTPOBM *OGPSNBUJPO .BOBHFNFOU UPPMT 1*.UPPMT

1FSTPOBM *OGPSNBUJPO .BOBHFNFOU QMBUGPSNT 1*.QMBUGPSNT

$SPTTQMBUGPSN 1*.

DSPTTUPPM

(36)

1VCMJDBUJPOT

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Introduction Research

Context Phase 1

Phase 2, Part 1

Phase 2,

Part 2 Phase 3 Discussion Conclusion

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8

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2

UIF FČPSUT NBEF CZ JOEJ WJEVBMT UP NBOBHF JOGPSNBUJPO VOEFS UIFJS EJSFDU DPOUSPM B QFSTPOhT NFUIPET BOE SVMFT GPS BDRVJSJOH JOGPSNBUJPO UIF NFDIBOJTNT GPS PSHBOJ[JOH BOE TUPSJOH UIF JOGPSNBUJPO UIF SVMFT BOE QSPDFEVSFT GPS NBJOUBJOJOH UIF TZTUFN UIF NFDIBOJTNT GPS SFUSJFWBM BOE QSPDFEVSFT GPS QSPEVDJOH WBSJPVT PVUQVUT

(40)

TDBČPMEJOH NJOET

PVUTPVSDF

'JHVSF #VTIhT .FNFY BO FBSMZ FMFDUSPOJD 1*.UPPM

.FNFY

BO FOMBSHFE JOUJNBUF TVQQMFNFOU UP NFNPSZ .FNFY

(41)

QFSTPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO NBOBHFNFOU

1*.UPPMT

(42)

1BMBFPMJUIJD "HF /FPMJUIJD "HF

TVHHFTUT EFĕOJUF QBUUFSOT PG CFIBWJPVS JO QFS TPOBM DSFBUJPO NBOBHFNFOU BOE VTF PG JOGPSNBUJPO

1FSTPOBM *OGPSNBUJPO .BOBHFNFOU

UIF NFUIPET BOE QSPDFEVSFT CZ XIJDI XF IBOEMF DBUFHPSJ[F BOE SFUSJFWF JOGPSNBUJPO PO B

EBZUPEBZ CBTJT B TZTUFN EFWFMPQFE

(43)

JOGPSNBUJPO UIF SVMFT BOE QSPDFEVSFT GPS NBJOUBJOJOH UIF TZTUFN UIF NFDIBOJTNT GPS SFUSJFWBM BOE QSPDFEVSFT GPS QSPEVDJOH WBSJPVT PVUQVUT

UIF PSEFSJOH PG JOGPSNBUJPO UISPVHI DBUFHPSJ[BUJPO QMBDFNFOU PS FNCFMMJTINFOU JO B NBOOFS UIBU NBLFT JU FBTJFS UP SFUSJFWF XIFO JU JT OFFEFE

UIF QSBDUJDF BOE UIF TUVEZ PG UIF BDUJWJUJFT B QFSTPO QFSGPSNT JO PSEFS UP BDRVJSF PS DSFBUF TUPSF PSHBOJ[F NBJOUBJO SFUSJFWF VTF BOE EJTUSJCVUF UIF JOGPSNBUJPO OFFEFE UP NFFU MJGFhT NBOZ HPBMT BOE UP GVMĕMM MJGFhT NBOZ SPMFT BOE SFTQPOTJCJMJUJFT UIF FČPSUT NBEF CZ JOEJWJEVBMT UP NBOBHF JOGPSNBUJPO VOEFS UIFJS EJSFDU DPOUSPM

NBOZ EFĕOJUJPOT PG 1*. ESBX GSPN B USBEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO NBOBHFNFOU QFSTQFDUJWF UIBU JOGPSNBUJPO JT TUPSFE TP UIBU JU DBO CF SFUSJFWFE BU B MBUFS EBUF

1*.UPPMT 1*.QMBUGPSNT BOE DSPTTQMBUGPSN 1*. 1*.UPPM 1*.QMBUGPSN

1FSTPOBM *OGPSNBUJPO .BOBHFNFOU UPPMT 1*.UPPMT

1FSTPOBM *OGPSNBUJPO .BOBHFNFOU QMBUGPSNT 1*.QMBUGPSNT

$SPTTQMBUGPSN 1*. DSPTTUPPM

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$IBQUFS 4USVDUVSF

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)PX %P 1FPQMF 0SHBOJ[F ćFJS %FTLT

OFBU NFTTZ

'JHVSF " UZQJDBM QJMF PG QBQFS JO BO PďDF

BDUJPO JOGPSNBUJPO QFSTPOBM XPSL JOGPSNBUJPO BSDIJWFE JOGPSNBUJPO

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"UUSJCVUFT TVDI BT BVUIPS UPQJD BOE GPSN %JTQPTJUJPO TVDI BT EJTDBSE LFFQ QPTU QPOF 0SEFS4DIFNF TVDI BT HSPVQ TFQBSBUF BOE BSSBOHF 5JNF TVDI BT DPOUJOVB UJPO EVSBUJPO BOE DVSSFODZ 7BMVF TVDI BT JNQPSUBODF JOUFSFTU BOE DPOĕEFOUJBM JUZ BOE $PHOJUJWF 4UBUF TVDI BT hEPOU LOPXh BOE hXBOU UP SFNFNCFSh

QJMJOH ĕMJOH

QSFNBUVSF ĕMJOH

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4UVEJFT PG &NBJM

SFRVFTUFST BOE SFTQPOEFST QSJPSJUJ[FST

BSDIJWFST

GSFRVFOU ĕMFST TQSJOH DMFBOFST

OP ĕMFST /P ĕMFST

OP ĕMFST GPMEFSMFTT DMFBOFST GPMEFSMFTT TQSJOHDMFBOFST

DMFBOFST LFFQFST

&NBJM BT B IBCJUBU

4UVEJFT PG #PPLNBSLT

OP ĕMFS DSFBUJPO UJNF ĕMFS FOE PG TFTTJPO ĕMFS TQPSBEJD ĕMFS

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QJMJOH

BDUJWJUZ BXBSF

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**ćFPSZ BOE 1*.**

.PEFMT BOE 'SBNFXPSLT

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#BSSFBVhT .PEFM

BO JOGPSNBUJPO TZTUFN EFWFMPQFE CZ PS DSFBUFE GPS BO JOEJWJE VBM JO B XPSL FOWJSPONFOU

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SFUSJFWBM

-JO FU BMhT .JDSPOPUF -JGFDZDMF

SFDPSE USBOTGFS

SFGFS

DPNQMFUJPO BSDIJWJOH EJTQPTBM

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QSPEVDUJPO BDUJWJUJFT TVQQPSUJOH BDUJW JUJFT

+POFThT .PEFM

LFFQJOH BDUJWJUJFT

SFĕOEJOH BDUJWJUJFT NFUBMFWFM BDUJWJUJFT

LFFQJOH BDUJWJUJFT SFĕOEJOH BDUJWJUJFT

NFUBMFWFM BDUJWJUJFT

0UIFS .PEFMT BOE 'SBNFXPSLT

LFFQ JOH BDUJWJUJFT

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$MBTTJĕDBUJPOT BOE $BUFHPSJTBUJPOT

OFBU NFTTZ

QSJPSUJTFST BSDIJWFST SFRVFTUFST SFTQPOEFST

OP ĕMFST GSFRVFOU ĕMFST TQSJOH DMFBOFST

GPMEFSMFTT DMFBOFST GPMEFSMFTT TQSJOH DMFBOFST TQSJOH DMFBOFST DMFBOFST LFFQFST

OP ĕMFS DSFBUJPO UJNF ĕMFS FOE PG TFTTJPO ĕMFS TQP

SBEJD ĕMFS QSP

PSHBOJTJOH PSHBOJTJOH OFVUSBM

BDUJPO JOGPSNBUJPO QFSTPOBM XPSL ĕMFT BSDIJWF JOGPSNBUJPO FQIFNFSBM XPSLJOH BSDIJWFE

FQIFNFSBM XPSLJOH SFUSPTQFDUJWF

NJDSPOPUFT JOGPSNBUJPOT TDSBQT

GPDVT PO QSFTFOU JOGPSNBUJPO BOE JUT GVUVSF VTF

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MJOHVB GSBODB

0UIFS 3FMBUFE ćFPSZ ,OPXMFEHF XPSLFST

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**1*. 5PPMT BOE 1SPEVDUT**

TUBUVT RVP

SFWPMVUJPOBSZ EFTJHO

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'JHVSF &WFSOPUF B QPQVMBS TPęXBSF 1*.UPPM

0VS HPBM BU &WFSOPUF JT UP IFMQ UIF XPSME SFNFNCFS FWFSZUIJOH DPNNVOJDBUF FČFDUJWFMZ BOE HFU UIJOHT EPOF 'SPN TBWJOH UIPVHIUT BOE JEFBT UP QSFTFSWJOH FYQFSJ FODFT UP XPSLJOH FďDJFOUMZ XJUI PUIFST &WFSOPUFT DPMMFDUJPO PG BQQT NBLF JU FBTZ UP TUBZ PSHBOJ[FE BOE QSPEVDUJWF

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DMPVE TFSWJDFT

3FMBUFE %PNBJOT

*OGPSNBUJPO .BOBHFNFOU

LOPXMFEHF NBOBHFNFOU

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(FOFSBM *OGPSNBUJPO .BOBHFNFOU

$PMMBCPSBUJWF *OGPSNBUJPO .BOBHFNFOU

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3FTFBSDI .FUIPET

DBTF TUVEJFT ĕFME TUVEJFT BDUJPO SFTFBSDI MBCPSBUPSZ TUVEJFT

FOWJSPONFOUJOEFQFOEFOU TUVEJFT

$BTF 4UVEJFT

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"DUJPO 3FTFBSDI

-BCPSBUPSZ 4UVEJFT

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*OEVTUSZ .FUIPET

UIF BDUJWF JOWPMWFNFOU PG VTFST GPS B DMFBS VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG VTFS BOE UBTL SF RVJSFNFOUT JUFSBUJWF EFTJHO BOE FWBMVBUJPO BOE B NVMUJEJTDJQMJOBSZ BQQSPBDI

SFWPMVUJPOBSZ

TUBUVT RVP

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RVFTUJPOOBJSFT

JOUFSWJFXT

EJBSJFT

(66)

JT POMZ XFMM FMFNFOU PG B XFMMEPOF TVSWFZ

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%JBSJFT

%BUB "OBMZTJT

(SPVOEFE ćFPSZ .FUIPET

(68)

SFMBUJOH UIF VOSFMBUFE

EBUB GBNJMJBSJTBUJPO

PQFO DPEJOH

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EJTDPWFSZ TUBHF

%JTDVTTJOH %BUB

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$PODFQUVBM .PEFMT BOE 'SBNFXPSLT

(72)

DPSF DPODFQUT PG VTBCJMJUZ

FČFDUJWFOFTT FďDJFODZ TBUJTGBDUJPO VTFGVMOFTT FBTF PG VTF FBTF PG MFBSOJOH

QFSGPSNBODF

BEPQUJPO VTF ĘPX

&ČFDUJWFOFTT FďDJFODZ TBUJTGBDUJPO ĘPX

&ČFDUJWFOFTT FďDJFODZ

4BUJTGBDUJPO

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5SFOET

BDUJWJUZ BXBSF

SFWPMVUJPOBSZ

EFTJHO TUBUVT

RVP

(BQT BOE 0NJTTJPOT

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4VNNBSZ

UIBU UIFSF JT JOTVďDJFOU SFTFBSDI FYQMPSJOH NPEFSO DSPTTQMBUGPSN QFSTPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO NBOBHFNFOU 1*. BT QFSGPSNFE CZ LOPXMFEHF XPSLFST

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UP EFWFMPQ BO VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG DSPTTQMBUGPSN 1*. BOE 1*. QSBDUJDFT JOWPMWJOH NPE FSO UBCMFU UFDIOPMPHZ

UP QSPQPTF BOE FWBMVBUF BO FNQJSJDBMMZHSPVOEFE NPEFM PG DSPTTQMBUGPSN 1*.

UP QSPQPTF JNQMFNFOU BOE FWBMVBUF B OVNCFS PG QSPUPUZQF TPęXBSF 1*.UPPMT UIBU BEESFTT UZQJDBM DSPTTQMBUGPSN 1*. DIBMMFOHFT

4DPQF

5P GPDVT PO UIF BDUJWJUJFT PG LOPXMFEHF XPSLFST JO UIFJS XPSLQMBDF

5P GPDVT PO DSPTTQMBUGPSN 1*. UISPVHI UIF MFOT PG UBCMFU DPNQVUFST

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"HFOEB

(BUIFSJOH PG SFRVJSFNFOUT

%FTJHO BOE JNQMFNFOUBUJPO

&WBMVBUJPO

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Introduction Research _Context Phase 1 Phase 2, _{Part 1} Phase 2, _{Part 2} Phase 3 Discussion Conclusion

(82)

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3

Phase 1 Pilot Study

Phase 2 Exploratory

Study Prototypes

Phase 3 Case Study

(84)

(85)

0CKFDUJWFT

(86)

UP JEFOUJGZ UIF NPTU QSFWBMFOU 1*.QMBUGPSNT BOE 1*.UPPMT VTFE BMPOHTJEF UBCMFUT GPS 1*.

UP JEFOUJGZ UIF NPTU TJHOJĕDBOU DIBMMFOHFT PG DSPTTQMBUGPSN 1*. UISPVHI UIF MFOT PG UBCMFU VTF

.FUIPE

Online Questionnaire Semi-structured Interviews

Instruments

Analysis

Simple Quantitative

Analysis Thematic Analysis inspired by Grounded Theory

(87)

%FTJHO BOE JNQMFNFOUBUJPO

&WBMVBUJPO

(88)

$POUSJCVUJPOT

UIF JEFOUJĕDBUJPO BOE EJTDVTTJPO PG UIF 1*.QMBUGPSNT BOE 1*.UPPMT NPTU DPNNPOMZ VTFE BMPOHTJEF UBCMFUT GPS 1*. CZ UBCMFUVTJOH LOPXMFEHF XPSLFST

JNQSPWFE VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG 1*. CFIBWJPVS BDSPTT UIF UISFF 1*.QMBUGPSNT JEFOUJĕFE UBCMFU PďDF DPNQVUFS QSJOUFE QBQFS EPDVNFOUT

UIF JEFOUJĕDBUJPO PG UIF NPTU QSFWBMFOU DIBMMFOHFT JOWPMWJOH UBCMFUT BT B 1*.QMBUGPSN XJUI B GPDVT PO DSPTTQMBUGPSN 1*.

UIF JEFOUJĕDBUJPO PG NJDSPOPUFT BOE UIF VTF PG QBQFS BT B CFIBWJPVS BČFDUFE CZ UBCMFU VTF

(89)

?iiT, ffT`BbXB/Xmf

(90)

4DPQF

(91)

'JHVSF &YBNQMF TDSFFO PG QJMPU TUVEZ POMJOF RVFTUJPOOBJSF

JO UIF QBTU NPOUI XIBU BSF

4VSWFZ.POLFZ

(92)

ZFT

Instruments

Analysis

Simple Quantitative

'JHVSF ćF BOBMZTJT UFDIOJRVFT VTFE GPS UIF POMJOF RVFTUJPOOBJSF DPNQPOFOU PG UIF QJMPU TUVEZ

(93)

OFXOFTT

2VBMJUBUJWF "OBMZTJT

(94)

Data Familiarisation Initial Coding Final Analysis Theme Finalisation Theme Refinement Initial Theming

'JHVSF 4UBHFT PG UIFNBUJD BOBMZTJT VTFE GPS UIF QJMPU TUVEZ

hhEJTDPWFSZ TUBHFhh

%BUB 'BNJMJBSJTBUJPO

*OJUJBM $PEJOH

*OJUJBM ćFNJOH

ćFNF 3FĕOFNFOU

(95)

'JOBM "OBMZTJT

%BUB 'BNJMJBSJTBUJPO

*OJUJBM $PEJOH

*OGPSNBUJPO JT PSHBOJTFE EFQFOEJOH PO XIFSF UIF JOGPSNBUJPO JT LFQU 'PS JOGPS NBUJPO * LFFQ PO NZ J1BE * EPOhU SFBMMZ BQQMZ BOZ PSHBOJTBUJPOBM TDIFNF UP JU * KVTU QVU FWFSZUIJOH JO &WFSOPUF BOE UIF SFTU PG UIF JOGPSNBUJPO JT SFBMMZ JO FNBJMT UIBU * SFBE PO UIF J1BE PS 1%'T UIBU * LFFQ PO UIFSF

Information is organised depending on where the information is kept. For information I keep on my iPad, I don't really applyany organisational scheme to it --- I just put everything in Evernote, and the rest of the information is really in emails that I read on the iPad, or PDFs that I keep on there.

PIM-medium

PIM-tool PIM-tool Organising technique

PIM-tool

'JHVSF "O FYUSBDU PG POMJOF RVFTUJPOOBJSF EBUB XJUI DPEFT BQQMJFE

(96)

o o o o

*OJUJBM ćFNJOH

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PIM-platforms PIM-tools PIM challenges iPad Desktop computer Laptop computer iPhones Android phones Paper documents Printed documents Books Snail mail Evernote for iPad Evernote for

Computer Email client for iPad

Email client for Computer

PDF viewer for Computer PDF viewer for

iPad

Dropbox for iPad Dropbox for

Computer

Notes for iPad

Transfer

Organisation Moving from

computer to iPad

Moving from iPad to computer

Moving from paper to iPad Taking photos of

paper with iPad Sync with Google

Drive _{Sync with Dropbox}

Piles of paper

Tagging Items relevant to

meeting

Many PIM-tools causing fragmentation

No organisation on iPad

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ćFNF 3FĕOFNFOU

(99)

PIM-platforms

iPad

Office computer Printed paper Smartphones

documents

Books

'JHVSF "O FYBNQMF PG B QJFDF PG POF PG UIF ĕOBMJTFE UIFNBUJD NBQT EFWFMPQFE GSPN UIF POMJOF RVFTUJPO OBJSF

DPNQSFIFOTJWF QJDUVSF PG UIFJS DPMMFDUJWF FYQFSJFODF

'JOBM "OBMZTJT

(100)

'JHVSF &YBNQMF PG SPVHI OPUFT NBEF CZ UIF SFTFBSDIFS EVSJOH TJNQMF RVBOUJUBUJWF BOBMZTJT PG RVFTUJPO OBJSF SFTQPOTFT

NJDSPOPUFT

(101)

Lawyer (Criminal)

Criminal Lawyer

Lawyer, primarily criminal

Criminal litigator

Criminal Lawyer

'JHVSF 1BSUJDJQBOU QSPGFTTJPOT EFNPOTUSBUJOH BO FYBNQMF PG EBUB NBTTBHJOH GPS $SJNJOBM -BXZFS QSPGFTTJPO

$SJNJOBM -BXZFS

(102)

$POUFYU PG UIF 5BCMFU

iPad Desktop computer Laptop computer Printed documents Paper documents Snail mail Android phones iPhones Books

0 150 300 450 600

390 382 30 150 400 456 42 507 487

'JHVSF 1BSUJDJQBOU DPVOU GPS FBDI 1*.QMBUGPSN NFOUJPOFE JO UIF POMJOF RVFTUJPOOBJSF <O>

(103)

iPad

Office computer

Printed documents

Smartphone

Books

101 203 304 406 507

390 412

456 507 487

5BCMF 1BSUJDJQBOU DPVOUT GPS UIF NPTU GSFRVFOUMZ NFOUJPOFE 1*.QMBUGPSNT

5BCMFU

(104)

1BQFS EPDVNFOUT

4NBSUQIPOF

#PPLT

(105)

1*.UPPMT

Evernote for iPad Email client for iPad Email client for Computer Evernote for office computer PDF-viewer for computer PDF-viewer for iPad Dropbox for iPad Dropbox for Computer Notes for iPad

0 125 250 375 500 457 155 260 290 342 317 200 500 490

'JHVSF 1BSUJDJQBOU DPVOU GPS FBDI 1*.UPPM NFOUJPOFE JO UIF POMJOF RVFTUJPOOBJSF <O>

(106)

%PDVNFOU ĕMFT

'JHVSF ćF EFGBVMU WJFX PG UIF FNBJM DMJFOU GPS J1BE BT PG J04

(107)

.JDSPOPUFT

GPDVT PO QSFTFOU JOGPSNBUJPO BOE JUT GVUVSF VTF

(108)

%JTDVTTJPO

XJEFSBOHJOH SFTFBSDI CBTF

XJEF SBOHF PG FYUBOU 1*.UPPMT

(109)

?iiT,ffT`BbXB/Xmf

(110)

4DPQF

GPDVT PO 1*. QSBDUJDF XJUIJO BO PďDF FOWJSPONFOU

GPDVT PO UISFF 1*.QMBUGPSNT

(111)

GPDVT PO QFSTPOBM SBUIFS UIBO TIBSFE JOGPSNBUJPO

%FTJHO

UPVS

(112)

)PX EP ZPV PSHBOJTF ZPVS JOGPSNBUJPO UP QSFWFOU JU GSPN QJMJOH VQ BOE CFDPNJOH EJTPSHBOJTFE

8IBU TPSU PG NFUBEBUB EP ZPV BQQMZ PS VTF UP NBJOUBJO ZPVS JOGPSNBUJPO DPMMFDUJPO

*NBHJOF ZPV OFFE UP ĕOE BO JOGPSNBUJPO JUFN CVU DBOOPU ĕOE JU 8IBU LJOET PG UIJOHT EP ZPV SFNFNCFS BCPVU JU XIJMF ZPV BSF MPPLJOH GPS JU

$PVME ZPV QMFBTF ĕOE B TQFDJĕD QJFDF PG JOGPSNBUJPO XIJMF UIF SFTFBSDIFS PC TFSWFT GPS FYBNQMF UIF NPTU SFDFOU TFU PG OPUFT GSPN B NFFUJOH ZPV BUUFOEFE

'JHVSF " TFHNFOU PG UIF SFGFSFODF TIFFU VTFE GPS DPOEVDUJOH UIF TFNJTUSVDUVSFE JOUFSWJFXT

(113)

1BSUJDJQBUJPO

(114)

MJCFSBUFE

"OBMZTJT

Instruments

Analysis

Simple Quantitative

'JHVSF ćF BOBMZTJT UFDIOJRVFT VTFE GPS UIF TFNJTUSVDUVSFE JOUFSWJFX DPNQPOFOU PG UIF QJMPU TUVEZ

(115)

ćF NBUFSJBM * LFFQ PO NZ .BD BOE NZ J1BE JT BMM QSFUUZ JNQPSUBOU * EPOhU QVU JU POUP UIF J1BE VOMFTT * UIJOL JUhT HPJOH UP CF JNQPSUBOU EPXO UIF MJOF BOE *hN VTVBMMZ SJHIU BCPVU XIBU * UIJOL JT JNQPSUBOU *UhT SFBMMZ BOOPZJOH XIFO * EPOhU IBWF TPNFUIJOH JNQPSUBOU PO NZ J1BE * USZ UP LFFQ UIF .BD GVMM PG POMZ JNQPSUBOU UIJOHT UPP *hN QSFUUZ QSPVE PG UIF XBZ NZ DPNQVUFS JT PSHBOJTFE

The material I keep on my Mac and my iPad is all pretty important. I don't put it onto the iPad unless I think it's going to be important down the line, and I'm usually right about what I think is important. It's really annoying when I don't have something important on my iPad. I try to keep the Mac full of only important things too --- I'm pretty proud of the way my computer is organised.

Opinion of

organisation level PIM-platform PIM-platform PIM-platform Acquisition /

transfer strategy

(116)

*OJUJBM ćFNJOH

Retrieval strategies iPad

Primary office computer Searching

Printed paper documents

Browsing content _{Browsing tags}

Browsing content

Browsing folder hierarchy

Spatial browsing

Browsing piles

(117)

ćFNF 'JOBMJTBUJPO

'JOBM "OBMZTJT

(118)

TUSJEF CVU JU GFFMT MJLF JU TIPVME CF TP NVDI FBTJFS UIFSFhT TP NBOZ DIBMMFOHFT UP UIJT TUVČ ćF J1BE IBT UPUBMMZ SFWPMVUJPOJTFE UIF XBZ * EP NZ KPC CVU JU NBLFT NF NPSF TUSFTTFE BOE DPOGVTFE BCPVU UIF NBOBHFNFOU PG UIF JOGPSNBUJPO * OFFE UP XPSL UIBO FWFS CFGPSF * UBLF JU FWFSZXIFSF CVU * GFFM MJLF * IBWF UP UIJOL BCPVU JU BMM UIF UJNF *UhT B QFSGFDU TUPSN PG TUSFTT BOE VTFGVMOFTT

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NBJOUBJOJOH PSHBOJTBUJPO

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(119)

1BSUJDJQBOUT

(120)

**1*. BDUJWJUJFT**

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(121)

UBCMFU

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(122)

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(123)

SFDFJWFE BDRVJSFE BDRVJTJUJPO

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(124)

PďDF DPNQVUFS

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(125)

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(126)

PďDF DPNQVUFS

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(127)

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(128)

* PęFO HFU WFSZ WFSZ BOOPZFE XIFO * DBOOPU ĕOE TPNFUIJOH UIBU * FYQFDU TIPVME CF QSFTFOU PO NZ J1BE .PSF PęFO UIBO OPU UIJT IBQQFOT XIFO * QSJOU TPNFUIJOH GSPN NZ DPNQVUFS BOE UBLF JU UP B NFFUJOH BMPOH XJUI UIF J1BE BOE UIFO HP UP CSJOH JU VQ PO UIF J1BE <WJB TFBSDIJOH> CVU DBOhU ĕOE JU * XBOU UP CSJOH JU VQ PO UIF J1BE TP UIBU * DBO NBLF BOOPUBUJPOT PS FNBJM JU UP TPNFPOF CVU JU TP PęFO UVSOT PVU UIBU *hWF GPSHPUUFO UP QVU JU UIFSF PS JUhT CVSJFE JO %SPQCPY BOE * IBWFOhU HPU UIF UJNF UP MPDBUF JU

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(129)

Search

iPad

Prior to meetings

Office computer Paper

Prior to phone

call Starting point _{for retrieval}

Final thing attempted

Inadvertently located notes on printed documents while searching on iPad

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(130)

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(131)

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(132)

1IPUPT PG 1BQFS

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(133)

* VTF %SPQCPY BT LJOE PG B CBDLVQ TFSWJDF * EPOhU SFBMMZ VTF JU UP TFOE UIJOHT BSPVOE NZ HBEHFUT * EPOhU VTF JU UP TFOE UIJOHT UP UIF J1BE CFDBVTF JG * QVU TPNFUIJOH JO %SPQCPY JU NFBOT UIBU JUhT DMVUUFSJOH VQ NZ DPNQVUFS BOE JG JUhT UIFSF POMZ UP CF TFOU UP UIF J1BE JU NFBOT UIBU * IBWF UP SFNFNCFS UP SFNPWF JU GSPN %SPQCPY BU TPNF QPJOU MBUFS BOE * BMXBZT GPSHFU UP EP UIBU TP * KVTU EPOhU VTF JU GPS UIBU QVSQPTF

.BJOUBJOJOH $POUFYU

(134)

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(135)

* UIJOL JUhT JNQPSUBOU GPS NF UP CF BCMF UP SFNFNCFS XIZ * QSJOUFE TPNFUIJOH TJODF PUIFSXJTF * HFU MPTU XJUI NZ TVNNBSJTJOH BOE TVDI BOE JUhT OPU BT VTFGVM BT JU XPVME CF ćF DPOUFYU * USZ UP SFNFNCFS JT XFMM UIF ĕMF OBNF BOE XIBU NFFUJOH * XBT IFBEJOH UP XJUI UIF QSJOUPVU NPTU PęFO

* NBLF B MJTU PO UIF J1BE VTVBMMZ JO UIF OPUFT BQQ BOE JUhT CBTJDBMMZ KVTU B MJTU PG UIF ĕMFOBNFT PG UIF EPDVNFOUT *hN QSJOUJOH * VTF UIF MJTU UP TPSU UIF QSJOUPVUT XIFO *hN BU UIF NFFUJOH

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(136)

*hMM UBLF B RVJDL OPUF PG XIBU *hN EPJOH PO NZ DPNQVUFS POUP UIF J1BE TP * DBO TQFOE B CJU PG UJNF FBSMZ PO JO UIF NFFUJOH XIFO *hN TJUUJOH UIFSF XJUI UIF J1BE TFUUJOH CBDL VQ *U UBLFT B CJU PG UJNF UP HFU UIBU DPOUFYU CBDL UIPVHI

.BJOUBJOJOH 0SHBOJTBUJPO

UBHHJOH GBUJHVF EVF UP UIF QSFWBMFODF PG UBHHJOH JO VTFS JOUFSGBDFT

GSBHNFOUBUJPO EVF UP UIF JOBCJMJUZ GPS 1*.UPPMT UP JEFOUJGZ JEFOUJDBM DPOUFOU

(137)

5BHHJOH 'BUJHVF UBHHJOH GBUJHVF

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(138)

'SBHNFOUBUJPO

(139)

Document

X Evernote

put in Evernote prior to meeting

put in Evernote after meeting

put in Evernote after printing

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**1BQFS BOE 1*.**

(140)

PďDJBM UPPM

0I BOE JG *hN XSJUJOH MJLF B QIPOF OVNCFS PS FWFOU EPXO PO UIF J1BE * XSJUF JU BT B OPUF OPU BT B DBMFOEBS JUFN PS B DPOUBDU TP JUhT TUJMM SFBMMZ TDSBQQZ * EPOhU VTF UIF PďDJBM UPPM GPS UIJT TPSU PG TUVČ

* VTFE UP VTF TUJDLZ OPUFT PS UIF SFWFSTF TJEF PG PME QSJOUPVUT CVU OPX JU BMM HPFT PO UIF J1BE * HVFTT . TIPVME CF XPSSJFE

DPOWFOJFOU

DPOWFSU NPWF NPSF GPSNBM

QSPQFS DPQZ PG JU

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PVU PG DPOUSPM

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(141)

'JHVSF " UZQJDBM BDUJWJUZ PG NBOZ TFNJTUSVDUVSFE JOUFSWJFX QBSUJDJQBOUT UBLJOH QIPUPT PG QBQFS NJ DSPOPUFT VTJOH UIF J1BE

UPVS

(142)

USBOTGFSSJOH JOGPSNBUJPO

NBJOUBJOJOH DPOUFYU

(143)

Introduction Research _Context Phase 1 Phase 2, _{Part 1} Phase 2, _{Part 2} Phase 3 Discussion Conclusion

(144)

(145)

4

Phase 1 Pilot Study

Phase 2 Exploratory

Study Prototypes

Phase 3 Case Study

(146)

(147)

0CKFDUJWFT

UP GPDVT PO BOE GVSUIFS FYQMPSF UIF GBDFUT BOE DIBMMFOHFT PG DSPTTQMBUGPSN 1*. JOWPMWJOH UBCMFUT UIBU XFSF JEFOUJĕFE JO UIF QJMPU TUVEZ

(148)

UP QSPWJEF UIF CBTJT GPS BO JOJUJBM FYQMPSBUJPO PG B DPODFQUVBM NPEFM PG DSPTTQMBUGPSN 1*. VTJOH UBCMFUT BT BO FYFNQMBS QMBUGPSN

.FUIPE

(149)

&WBMVBUJPO

Instruments Analysis Simple Quantitativ e Analysis Thematic Analysis inspired by Grounded Theory Grounded Theory-based Approach

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(150)

$POUSJCVUJPOT

(151)

$IPJDF PG .FUIPEPMPHZ

4DPQF

%FTJHO

(152)

(153)

1BSUJDJQBUJPO

(154)

Online Questionnaire Semi-structured Interviews Instruments Analysis Simple Quantitativ e Analysis Thematic Analysis inspired by Grounded Theory Grounded Theory-based Approach

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(155)

*OJUJBM $PEJOH

* VTF UIF J1BE JO FWFSZ GBDFU PG NZ XPSL * VTF JU GPS SFBEJOH XPSL EPDVNFOUT GPS NFFUJOHT GPS BOOPUBUJOH EPDVNFOUT -JUFSBMMZ GPS FWFSZUIJOH .Z QSFGFSSFE TPęXBSF JODMVEFT &WFSOPUF BOE %SPQCPY CVU * BMTP VTF UIF FNBJM PO JU BT XFMM BT JUT OPUFT BQQ

I use the iPad in every facet of my work – I use it for reading work documents, for meetings, for annotating documents. Literally for everything. My preferred software includes Evernote and Dropbox, but I also use the email on it, as well as its notes app.

Activity

PIM-tool

(156)

*OJUJBM ćFNJOH

(157)

Activity Making meeting notes PIM-tool Reading work documents Reading meeting notes Email client Transfer strategy Dropbox Emails to self

Google Drive Annotating meeting notes Dropbox Email Notes app Photographs of paper Evernote sync iCloud sync

(158)

Activity Meeting Writing Writing notes Reading notes Reading agenda Following up Emails Preparatory notes for projects

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'JOBM "OBMZTJT

(159)

?iiT,ffT`BbXB/Xmf

(160)

4DPQF

(161)

(162)

(163)

(164)

$) "15&3 1) "4 & 1"3 5 &91 -0 3" 50 3: 456% : P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 P20

Male 25 Legal Archivist

Male 38 Criminal Lawyer

Female 42 Criminal Lawyer

Female 60 Criminal Lawyer

Male 29 Software Engineer

Male 36 Telecommunications Analyst

Male 51 Professor

Male 45 Professor

Male 39 Professor

Male 38 Doctor (GP)

Male 27 Doctor (GP)

Male 49 Electrical Engineer

Male 27 Electrical Engineer

Female 36 Electrical Engineer

Male 59 Veterinarian

Male 61 Teacher

P22 P23 P24 P25 P26 P27 P28 P29 P30 P31 P32 P33 P34 P35 P36 P37 P38 P39 P40

Male 30 Architect

Male 28 Architect

Female 49 Architect

Male 50 CEO

Male 28 Police Officer

Female 38 Professor

Female 40 CEO

Female 27 Police Officer

Female 26 Airline Analyst

Female 29 Telecommunications Analyst

Female 27 Software Engineer

Female 38 CEO

Male 38 Police Officer

Female 42 CEO

Female 61 CEO

P42 P43 P44 P45 P46 P47 P48 P49 P50 P51 P52 P53 P54 P55 P56 P57 P58 P59 P60

Male 42 CEO

Male 60 Professor

Male 49 Professor

Male 30 Airline Analyst

Male 40 CEO

Female 25 Airline Analyst

Female 29 Journalist

Female 34 Journalist

Female 39 CEO

Female 45 CEO

Male 44 Professor

Female 50 Senior Librarian

Male 42 Pharmacist

Male 48 CEO

Female 24 Charity Worker

Female 27 Charity Worker

(165)

Overview of the research, information sheet, confidentiality and consent.

Request to audio record and take photos. Begin recording

if consent given.

Background Questions Focus Questions Topics Office Tour Photographs Conclusion

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(166)

"OBMZTJT

(167)

Data Familiarisation

Open Coding

Axial Coding

Selective Coding

Core Concept(s) Development

(168)

EBUB GBNJMJBSJTBUJPO

PQFO DPEJOH

BYJBM DPEJOH TFMFDUJWF DPEJOH

(169)

* IBWF FOPSNPVT USPVCMF ĕOEJOH OPUFT UIBU * XSJUF GPS NZTFMG EVSJOH NFFUJOHT XIFO * HFU CBDL UP NZ PďDF BOE OFFE UP SFGFS UP UIFN 4PNFUJNFT * XSJUF UIF OPUFT PO NZ J1BE VTJOH BO BQQ DBMMFE &WFSOPUF BOE TPNFUJNFT * XSJUF UIF OPUFT PO QBQFS BOE UIFO UBLF B QIPUP PG JU VTJOH NZ J1BE TP JU FOET VQ JO UIF QIPUP HBMMFSZ TPNFUJNFT * EP TPNFUIJOH DPNQMFUFMZ EJČFSFOU MJLF XSJUJOH UIF OPUFT JO BO FNBJM UP NZTFMG *UhT SFBMMZ IBSE UP ĕOE XIFSF *hWF QVU TPNFUIJOH BOE FWFO JG JU TZODISPOJTFT WJB TPNF DMPVE UIJOH UIFO * EPOhU LOPX JG JU IBT USBOTGFSSFE

Problem

"I have enormous trouble finding notes that I write for myself during meetings when I get back to my office and need to refer to those notes. Sometimes I write the notes on my iPad, using an app called Evernote, and sometimes I write the notes on paper and then take a photo of it using my iPad so it ends up in the photo gallery app, sometimes I do something completely different like writing the notes in an email to myself. It's really hard to find where I've put something, and even if it synchronises via some cloud thing then I don't know if it has sychronised."

Problem Problem Problem Platform Platform Platform Platform Tool Tool Tool

'JHVSF &YBNQMF PG PQFO DPEJOH QSPDFTT

(170)

"YJBM $PEFT Problem Platform Tool Evernote Photo app Dropbox

Unsure if transferred

Hard to locate information items

Need to refer to missing information Paper

iPad

Email

Computer

'JHVSF &YBNQMF PG BYJBM DPEJOH QSPDFTT

(171)

4FMFDUJWF $PEFT

DPOTUSVDUJOH

Transfer to and from Tablet Problem Techniques

User Experience Problems

Tagging UI Emails to self

Photographs

Web services Dropbox

Google Drive

Duplicated content

(172)

$PSF $PODFQUT

USBOTGFSSJOH DPOUFYUVBMJTJOH QBQFS GPS NJDSPOPUFT

BMPOHTJEF UBCMFUT

NBJOUBJOJOH DPOUFYU

NJDSPOPUFT QBQFS

(173)

1BSUJDJQBOUT

(174)

0OMJOF 2VFTUJPOOBJSF

(175)

18 to 29

30 to 44

45 to 60

Over 60

0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0%

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(176)

1SPGFTTJPO $PVOU

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**5SBOTGFSSJOH *OGPSNBUJPO**

(177)

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5

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