Identification of novel modifiers of chromosome inheritance: using a genetically sensitised drosophila model

Full text

(1)This file is part of the following reference:. Hunter, Sally M. (2009) Identification of novel modifiers of chromosome inheritance: using a genetically sensitised Drosophila model. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/10926.

(2) BIBLIOGRAPHY. Books DEMEREC, M. (ED.) (1994) Biology of Drosophila. Laboratory Press, Ch5 pp368-419.. Cold Spring Harbor. EDITED BY SULLIVAN, W., ASHBURNER, M., HAWLEY, R.S., (2000) DROSOPHILA PROTOCOLS, CSHLP PRESS. HAWLEY, R.S., AND WALKER, M. (2003) Advanced Genetic Analysis: finding meaning in a genome. Blackwell Publishing, pp106. HELD, L. (2005) Imaginal Discs: the genetic and cellular logic of pattern formation. Cambridge University Press. Chapter 6. SAMBROOK, J. AND RUSSELL, D. (2001) Molecular Cloning. Harbour Laboratory Press.. Cold Spring. WOLFF, T. AND READY, D. (1993) The Development of Drosophila Melanogaster, Edited by BATES, M. AND MARTINEZ ARIAS, A., CSHLP Press.. Journal Articles and Technical Papers ADAMS, M., CELNIKER, S., HOLT, R., EVANS, C., GOCAYNE, J., AMANATIDES, P., ET AL. (2000) The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. Science 287(5461): 2185-2195. AKHMEDOV, A., FREI, C., TSAI-PFLUGFELDER, M., KEMPER, B., GASSER, S. AND JESSBERGER, R. (1998) Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein C-terminal domains bind preferentially to DNA with secondary structure. J Biol Chem 273(37): 24088-94. ALLADA, R. (2003) Circadian clocks: a tale of two feedback loops. Cell 12(3): 284-286. ALLSHIRE, R. (1997) Centromeres, checkpoints and chromatid cohesion. Curr Opin Genet Dev 7(2): 264-73. AMÉ, J., FOUQUEREL, E., GAUTHIER, L., BIARD, D., BOUSSIN, F., DANTZER, F., DE MURCIA, G. AND SCHREIBER, V. (2009) Radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe in PARG-deficient cells. J. Cell Science 122(Pt 12):1990-2002. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE (ASRM). (2003) Age and fertility: a guide for parents. Patient Information Series.. 311.

(3) ANDERSON, D., LOSADA, A., ERICKSON, H. AND HIRANO, T. (2002) Condensin and cohesin display different arm conformations with characteristic hinge angles. J Cell Biol 156(3): 419-24. ANGELL, R. (1997) First meiotic division nondisjunction in human oocytes. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 61: 23-32. ANGELL, R. (1991) Predivision in human oocytes at meiosis I: a mechanism for trisomy formation in man. Human Genetics 86:383-387. ANGELL, R., LEDGER, W., YONG, E., HARKNESS, L. AND BAIRD, D. (1991) Cytogenetic analysis of unfertilised human oocytes. Hum. Reprod. 6(4): 568-73. ANGELL, R., XIAN, J., KEITH, J., LEDGER, W. AND BAIRD, D. (1994) First meiotic division abnormalities in human oocytes: mechanism of trisomy formation. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 65(3): 194-202. ARCHAMBAULT, V., ZHAO, X., WHITE-COOPER, H., CARPENTER, A. AND GLOVER, D. (2007) Mutations in Drosophila Greatwall/Scant reveal its roles in mitosis and meiosis and interdependence with Polo kinase. PLoS Genet. 3(11): e200. ARUMUGAM, P., GRUBER, S., TANAKA, K. HAERING, C., MECHTLER, K. AND NASMYTH, K. (2003) ATP hydrolysis is required for cohesin's association with chromosomes. Curr Biol 13(22): 1941-53. ARUMUGAM, P., NISHINO, T., HAERING, C., GRUBER, S. AND NASMYTH, K. (2006) Cohesin's ATPase activity is stimulated by the C-terminal winged-helix domain of its kleisin subunit. Curr. Biol. 16(20): 1998-2008. AYADIN, F., VISSI, E., MESZAROS, T., MISKOLCZI, P., KOVACS, I., FEHER, A., DOMBRADI, V., ERDODI, F., GERGELY, P. AND DUDITS, D. (2000) Inhibition of serine/threonine-specific phosphatases causes premature activation of cdc2MsF kinase at G2/M transition and early mitotic microtubule organisation in alfalfa. Plant J. 23(1): 85-96. BAKER, D., DAWLATY, M., GALARDY, P. AND VAN DEURSEN, J. (2007) Mitotic regulation of the anaphase-promoting complex. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 64(5): 589-600. BAKHOUM, S., THOMPSON, S., MANNING, A. AND COMPTON, D. (2009) Genome stability is ensured by temporal control of kinetochore-microtubule dynamics. Nat. Cell. Biol. 11(1): 27-35. BARLOW, A., TEASE, C. AND HULTEN, M. (2002) Meiotic chromosome pairing in fetal oocytes of trisomy 21 human females. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 96(14): 45-51.. 312.

(4) BASU, J., BOUSBAA, H., LOGARINHO, E., LI, Z., WILLIAMS, B., LOPES, C., SUNKEL, C. AND GOLDBERG, M. (1999) Mutations in the essential spindle checkpoint gene bub1 cause chromosome missegregation and fail to block apoptosis in Drosophila. J. Cell Biol. 146(1): 13-28. BAUMGARTNER, A., SCHMID, T., SCHUETZ, C. AND ADLER, I. (2001) Detection of aneuploidy in rodent and human sperm by multicolor FISH after chronic exposure to diazepam. Mutat. Res. 490(1): 11-9. BAUSCH, C., NOONE, S., HENRY, J., GAUDENZ, K., SANDERSON, B., SEIDEL, C. AND GERTON, J. (2007) Transcription alters chromosomal locations of cohesin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 27: 8522-8532. BELLAOUI, M., CHANG, M., OU, J., BOONE, C. AND BROWN, G. (2003) Elg1 forms and alternative RFC complex important for DNA replication and genome integrity. EMBO J. 22(16): 4304-13. BELLEN, H., LEVIS, R., LIAO, G., HE, Y., CARLSON, J., TSANG, G., EVANSHOLM, M., HIESINGER, P., SCHULZE, K., RUBIN, G., HOSKINS, R. AND SPRADLING, A. (2004) The BDGP gene disruption project: single transposon insertions associated with 40% of Drosophila genes. Genetics 167(2):761-81. BEN-SHAHAR, T., HEEGER, S., LEHANE, C., EAST, P., FLYNN, H., SKEHEL, M. AND UHLMANN, F. (2008) Eco1-dependent cohesin acetylation during establishment of sister chromatid cohesion. Science 321(5888): 563-6. BENTLEY, A., WILLIAMS, B., GOLDBERG, M. AND ANDRES, A. (2002) Phenotypic characterisation of Drosophila ida mutants: defining the role of APC5 in cell cycle progression. J. Cell. Sci. 115(Pt 5): 949-61. BERGMANN, A., AGAPITE, J., MCCALL K. AND STELLER H. (1998) The Drosophila gene hid is a direct molecular target of ras-dependent survival signaling. Cell 95: 331–341. BERCKMANS, B. AND DE VEVLDER, L. (2009) Transcriptional control of the cell cycle. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 12(5): 599-605. BERNARD, P., DROGAT, J., MAURE, J., DHEUR, S., VAUR, S., GENIER, S. AND JAVERZAT, J. (2006) A screen for cohesion mutants uncovers Ssl3, the fission yeast counterpart of the cohesin loading factor Scc4. Curr. Biol. 16: 875-881. BERNARD, P., HARDWICK, K. AND JAVERZAT, P. (1998) Fission yeast bub1 is a mitotic centromere protein essential for the spindle checkpoint and the preservation of correct ploidy in mitosis. J. Cell. Biol. 143(7): 1775-87. BERNARD, P., MAURE, J., PARTRIDGE, J., GENIER, S., JAVERZAT, J. AND ALLSHIRE, R. (2001) Requirement of heterochromatin for cohesion at centromeres. Science 294(5551): 2539-42. 313.

(5) BERNARD, P., SCHMIDT, C., VAUR, S., DHEUR, S., DROGAT, J., GENIER, S., EKWALL, K., UHLMANN, F. AND JAVERZAT, J. (2008) Cell-cycle regulation of cohesin stability along fission yeast chromosomes. EMBO J. 27(1): 111-21. BHASKAR, V., SMITH, M. AND COUREY, A. (2002) Conjugation of smt3 to dorsal may potentiate the Drosophila immune response. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22(2): 492504. BICKEL, S., WYMAN, D., MIYAZAKI, W., MOORE, D. AND ORR-WEAVER, T. (1996) Identification of ORD, a Drosophila protein essential for sister chromatid cohesion. EMBO J. 15(6): 1451-9. BIEMAR, F., NIX, D., PIEL, J., PETERSON, B., RONSHAUGEN, M., SEMENTCHENKO, V., BELL, I., MANAK, J., AND LEVINE, M. (2006) Comprehensive identification of Drosophila dorsal-ventral patterning genes using a whole-genome tiling array. PNAS USA 103(34): 12763-68. BIRCHLER, J., BHADRA, U., BHADRA, M. AND AUGER, D. (2001) Dosagedependent gene regulation in multicellular eukaryotes: implications for dosage compensation, aneuploid syndromes and quantitative traits. Dev. Biol. 234(2): 27588. BIRCHLER, J. AND VEITIA, R. (2007) The gene balance hypothesis: from classical genetics to modern genomics. Plant Cell 19: 395–402. BIRKENBIHL, R. AND SUBRAMANI, S. (1995) The rad21 gene product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a nuclear, cell-cycle regulated phosphoprotein. J. Biol. Chem. 270(13): 7703-11. BJORKLUND, M., TAIPALE, M., VARJOSALO, M., SAHARINEN, J., LAHDENPERA, J. AND TAIPALE, J. (2006) Identification of pathways regulating cell size and cell-cycle progressiong by RNAi. Nature 439(7079): 1009-1013. BLEVINS, M., SMITH, A., PHILLIPS, E. AND POWERS, M. (2003) Complex formation among the RNA export proteins Nup98, Rae1/Gle2, and TAP. J. Biol. Chem. 278(23): 20979-88. BRAND, A. AND PERRIMON, N. (1993) Targeted gene expression as means of altering cell fates and generating dominant phenotypes. Development 118: 401-415. BRAND, A. AND SKIBBENS, R. (2005) Ctf7p/Eco1p exhibits acetyltransferase activity--but does it matter? Curr Biol 15(2): R50-1. BRAR, G., HOCHWAGEN, A., EE, L. AND AMON, A. (2009) The multiple roles of cohesin in meiotic chromosome morphogenesis and pairing. MBOC 20: 10301047.. 314.

(6) BUDIRAHARDJA, Y. AND GONCZY, P. (2009) Coupling the cell cycle to development. Development 135(17): 2861-71. BUMP, N., HACKETT, M., HUGUNIN, M., SESHAGIRI, S., BRADY, K., CHEN, P., FERENZ, C., FRANKLIN, S., GHAYUR, T., LI, P. (1995) Inhibition of ICE family of proteases by baculovirus antipoptotic protein p35. Science 269: 18851888. BUFFIN, E., LEFEBVRE, C., HUANG, J., GAGOU, M. AND KARESS, R. (2005) Recruitment of Mad2 to the kinetochore requires the Rod/Zw10 complex. Curr. Biol. 15(9): 856-61. BUONOMA, S., CLYNE, R., FUCHS, J., LOIDL, J., UHLMANN, F. AND NASMYTH, K. (2000). Disjunction of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I. depends on proteolytic cleavage of the meiotic cohesin Rec8 by separin.. Cell. 103(3): 387-98. BURGESS, D. AND CHANG, F. (2005) Site selection for the cleavage furrow at cytokinesis. Trends Cell Biol. 15(3): 156-62. CALDWELL, C., GREEN, R.. AND KAPLAN, K. (2007) APC mutations lead to cytokinetic failures in vitro and tetraploid genotypes in Min mice. J. Cell. Biol. 178(7): 1109-20. CANMAN, C. AND LIM, D. (1998) The role of ATM in DNA damage responses and cancer. Oncogene 17(25): 3301-8. CARMENA, M., RIPARBELLI, M., MINESTRINI, G., TAVARES, A., ADAMS, R., CALLAINI, G. AND GLOVER, M. (1998) Drosophila polo kinase is required for cytokinesis. J. Cell Biol. 143(3): 659-71. CAO, L. AND WANG, Y. (1990) Mechanism of the formation of contractile ring in dividing cultured animal cells. I. Recruitment of preexisting action filaments into the cleavage furrow. J. Cell Biol. 110: 1089-1095. CARNEY, J., MASER, R., OLIVARES, H., DAVIS, E., LE BEAU, M., YATES, J., HAYS, L., MORGAN, W. AND PETRINI, J. (1998) The hMre11/hRad50 protein complex and Nijmegen breakage syndrome: linkage of double-strand break repait to the cellular DNA damage response. Cell 93(3): 477-86. 315.

(7) CHAN, R., CHAN, A., JEON, M., WU, T., PASQUALONE, D., ROUGVIE, A. AND MEYER, B. (2003) Chromosome cohesion is regulated by a clock gene paralogue TIM-1. Nature 423: 1002-1009. CHEN, F., KAMRADT, M., MULCHAY, M., BYUN, Y., XU, H., MCKAY, M. AND CRYNS, V. (2002). Caspase proteolysis of the cohesin component RAD21. promotes apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 277(19): 16775-81. CHNG, W. AND FONSECA, R. (2009) Centrosomes and myeloma: aneuploidy and proliferation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 50(8): 697-707. CIMINI, D. (2008) Merotelic kinetochore orientation, aneuploidy, and cancer. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1786(1): 32-40. CIMINI, D., HOWELL, B., MADDOX, P., KHODJAKOV, A., DEGRASSI, F. AND SALMON, E. (2001) Merotelic kinetochore orientation is a major mechanism of aneuploidy in mitotic mammalian tissue cells. J. Cell Biol. 153: 517-527. CIOSK, R., SHIRAYAMA, M., SHEVCHENKO, A., TANAKA, T., TOTH, A., SCHEVCHENKO, A. AND NASMYTH, K.. (2000). Cohesin's binding to. chromosomes depends on a separate complex consisting of Scc2 and Scc4 proteins. Mol Cell 5(2): 243-54. CIOSK, R., ZACHARIAE, W., MICHAELIS, C., SHEVCHENKO, A., MANN, M. AND NASMYTH, K. (1998) An ESP1/PDS1 complex regulates loss of sister chromatid cohesion at the metaphase to anaphase transition in yeast. Cell 93(6): 1067-76. CLUTE, P. AND PINES, J. (1999) Temporal and spatial control of cyclin B1 destruction in metaphase. Nat. Cell Biol. 1: 82-87. CONLON, I. AND RAFF, M. (1999) Size control in animal development. Cell 96: 235-244. COOK, K., MURPHY, T., NGUYEN, T. AND KARPEN, G. (1997) Identification of trans-acting genes necessary for centromere function in Drosophila melanogaster using centromere-defective minichromosomes. Genetics 145(3): 737-47.. 316.

(8) CZEIZEL, A., ELEK, C., GUNDY, S., METNEKI, J., NEMES, E., REIS, A., SPERLING, K., TIMAR, L., TUSNADY, G. AND VIRAGH, Z. (1993) Environmental trichlorfon and cluster of congenital abnormalities.. Lancet. 341(8844): 539-42. DAI, J., SULLIVAN, B. AND HIGGINS, J. (2006) Regulation of mitotic chromosome cohesion by haspin and aurora B. Dev. Cell 11: 741-750. DAILEY, T., DALE, B., COHEN, J. AND MUNNE, S. (1996) Association between nondisjunction and maternal age in meiosis-II human oocytes. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 59: 176-184. DALLAPICCOLA, B., CALABRO, A. AND DI FRANCO, C. (1978) Genetics of aneuploidy in man reconsidered by banding studies. Ric. Clin. Lab. 8(3): 113-23. D'ANGIOLELLA, V., MARI, C., NOCERA, D., RAMETTI, L. AND GRIECO, D. (2003) The spindle checkpoint requires cyclin-dependent kinase activity. Genes Dev. 17: 2520-2525. D'AVINO, P., SAVOIAN, M. AND GLOVER, D. (2005) Cleavage furrow formation and ingression during animal cytokinesis: a microtubule legacy. J. Cell Sci. 118(Pt8): 1549-58. DAY, T. AND TAYLOR, P. (1998) Chromosomal drive and the evolution of meiotic non-disjunction and trisomy in humans. PNAS 95: 2361-2365. DE BRABANDER, M., GEUENS, G., NUYDENS, R., WILLEBRORDS, R., AERTS, F. AND DE MEY, J. (1986) Microtubule dynamics during the cell cycle: the effects of taxol and nocodazole on the microtubule system of Pt K2 cells at different stages of the mitotic cycle. Int. Rev. Cytol. 101: 215-74. DE GREGORIO, E., SPELLMAN, P., TZOU, P., RUBIN, G. AND LEMAITRE, B. (2002) The Toll and Imd pathways are the major regulators of the immune response in Drosophila. EMBO J. 21(11): 2568-2579. DE MAS, P., DAUDIN, M., VINCENT, M., BOURROUILLOU, G., CALVAS, P., MIEUSSET, R. AND BUJAN, L. (2001) Increased aneuploidy in spermatazoa from testicular tumour patients after chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin. Hum. Reprod. 16(6): 1204-8.. 317.

(9) DEN ELZEN, BUTTERY, C., MUDDUGODA, M., REN, G. AND YAP, A. (2009) Cadherin adhesion receptors orient the mitotic spindle during symmetric cell division in mammalian epithelia. Mol. Biol. Cell. 20(16): 3740-50. DENG, H., BAO, X., CAI, W., BLACKETER, M., BELMONT, A., GIRTON, J., JOHANSEN, J. AND JOHANSEN, K. (2008) Ectopic histone H3S10 phosphorylation causes chromatin structure remodeling in Drosophila. Development 135(4): 699-705. DE SAINTE PHALLE, B. AND SULLIVAN, W. (1998) Spindle assembly and mitosis without centrosomes in parthenogenetic Sciara embryos. J. Cell. Biol. 141: 1383-1391. DIAZ-BENJUMEA, F. AND GARCIA-BELLIDIO, A. (1990) Behaviour of cells mutant for an EGF receptor homologue of Drosophila in genetic mosaics. Proc. Biol. Sci. 242: 36-44. DIAZ-MARTINEZ, L., GIMENEZ-ABIAN, J. AND CLARKE, D. (2007) Regulation of centromeric cohesion by sororin independtly of the APC-C. Cell Cycle 6(6): 714-24. DOBIE, K., KENNEDY, C., VELASCO, V., MCGRATH, T., WEKO, J., PATTERSON, R. AND KARPEN, G. (2001) Identification of chromosome inheritance modifiers in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 157(4): 1623-37. DORSETT, D. (2007) Roles of sister chromatid cohesion apparatus in gene expression, development, and human syndromes. Chromosoma 116(1): 1-13. DORSETT, D. (2004) Adherin: key to the cohesin ring and Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Curr Biol 14(19): R834-6. DORSETT, D., EISSENBERG, J., MISULOVIN, Z., MARTENS, A., REDDING, B. AND MCKIM, K. (2005) Effects of sister chromatid cohesion proteins on cut gene expression during wing development in Drosophila. Development 132(21): 4742-53. DUFFY, J. (2002) GAL4 system in Drosophila: a fly geneticist's swiss army knife. Genesis 34: 1-15. ECKERT, C., GRAVDAHL, D. AND MEGEE, P. (2007) The enhancement of pericentromeric cohesin association by conserved kinetochore components promotoes high-fidelity chromosome segregation and is sensitive to microtubulebased tension. Genes Dev. 21: 278-291. EDWARDS, S., LI, C., LEVY, D., BROWN, J., SNOW, P. AND CAMPBELL, J. (2003) Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase epsilon and polymerase sigma interact physically and functionally, sugestting a role for polymerase epsilon in sister chromatid cohesion. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23(8): 2733-48. 318.

(10) EGGERT, U., MITCHISON, T. AND FIELD, C. (2006) Animal cytokinesis: from parts list to mechanisms. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 75: 543-566. EIJPE, M., OFFENBERG, H., JESSBERGER, R., REVENKOVA, E. AND HEYTING, C. (2003) Meiotic cohesin REC8 marks the axial elements of rat synaptonemal complexes before cohesins SMC1beta and SMC3. J Cell Biol 160(5): 657-70. EILBECK, K., MOORE, B., HOLT, C. AND YANDELL, M. (2009) Quantitative measures for the management and comparison of annotated genomes. BMC Bioinformatics 10: 67. ELLEDGE, S. (1996) Cell cycle checkpoints: preventing an identity crisis. Science 274(5293): 1664-72. ELLIS, C., O'NEILL, M., AND RUBIN, G. (1993) Expression of Drosophila glass protein and evidence for negative regulation of its activity in non-neuronal cells by another DNA-binding protein. Development 119(3): 855-65. ERLICH, M. (2006) Cancer-linked DNA hypomethylation and its relationship to hypermethylation. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 310: 251-74. ERPEL, T. AND COURTNEIDGE, S. (1995) Src family protein tyrosine kinases and cellular signal transduction pathways. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 7(2): 176-82. FERGUSON, L., ALLEN, J. AND MASON, J. (1996) Meiotic recombination and germ cell aneuploidy. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 28(3): 192-210. FIELDING, A., DOBREVA, I., MCDONALD, P., FOSTER, L. AND DEDHAR, S. (2008) Integrin-linked kinase localises to the centrosome and regulates mitotic spindle organisation. J. Cell Biol. 180(4): 681-9. FISCHER, T., CUI, B., DHAKSHNAMOORTHY, J., ZHOU, M., RUBIN, C., ZOFALL, M., VEENSTRA, T. AND GREWAL, S. (2009) Diverse roles of HP1 proteins in heterochromatin assembly and functions in fission yeast. PNAS USA. Epub May 14. FISCHER, J., GINIGER, E., MANIATIS, T. AND PTASHNE, M. (1988) GAL4 activates transcription in Drosophila. Nature 332(6167): 853-6. FORTINI, M., SKUPSKI, M., BOGUSKI, M. AND HARIHARAN, I. (2000) A survey of human disease gene counterparts in the Drosophila genome. JCB 150(2): F23-30. FRAGOULI, E., WELLS, D., THORNHILL, A., SERHAL, P., FAED, M., HARPER, J. AND DELHANTY, J. (2006) Comparative genomic hybridisation analysis of human oocytes and polar bodies. Hum. Reprod. 21(9): 2319-28.. 319.

(11) FREEMAN, M. (1997) Cell determination strategies in the Drosophila eye. Development 124: 261-270. FREEMAN, M. (1998) Complexity of EGF receptor signalling revealed in Drosophila. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 8(4): 407-11. FRIAS, S., VAN HUMMELEN, P., MEISTRICH, M., LOWE, X., HAGEMEISTER, F., SHELBY, M., BISHOP, J. AND WYROBEK, A. (2003) NOVP chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease transiently induces sperm aneuploidies associated with the major clinical aneuploidy syndromes involving chromosomes X, Y, 18, and 21. Cancer Res. 63(1): 44-51. FURUYA, K., TAKAHASHI, K. AND YANAGID, M. (1998) Faithful anaphase is ensured by Mis4, a sister chromatid cohesion molecule required in S phase and not destroyed in G1 phase. Genes Dev. 12(21): 3408-18. GANDHI, R., GILLESPIE, P. AND HIRANO, T. (2006) Human Wapl is a cohesinbinding protein that promotes sister-chromatid resolution in mitotic prophase. Curr. Biol. 16: 2406-2417. GAULDEN, M. (1992) Maternal age effect: the enigma of Down syndrome and other trisomic conditions. Mutat. Res. 296(1-2): 69-88. GAUSE, G., SCHAAF, C. AND DORSETT, D. (2008) Cohesin and CTCF: cooperating to control chromosome conformation. Bioessays 30(8): 715-8. GAUSE, M., WEBBER, H., MISULOVIN, Z., HALLER, G., ROLLINS, R., EISSENBER, J., BICKEL, S. AND DORSETT, D. (2008) Functional links between Drosophila Nipped-B and cohesin in somatic and meiotic cohesin in somatic and meiotic cells. Chromosoma 117: 51-66. GEHMLICH, K., HAREN, L. AND MERDES, A. (2004) Cyclin B degradation leads to NuMA release from dynein/dynaction and from spindle poles. EMBO Rep. 5(1): 97-103. GERLICH, D., KOCH, B., DUPEUX, F., PETERS, J. AND ELLENBERG, J. (2006) Live-cell imaging reveals a stable cohesin-chromatin interaction after but not before DNA replication. Curr. Biol. 16(15): 1571-8. GILLILAND, W., WAYSON, S. AND HAWLEY, R. (2005) The meiotic defects of mutants in the Drosophila mps1 gene reveal a critical role of Mps1 in the segregation of achiasmate homologs. Curr. Biol. 15(7): 672-7. GLOOR, G., PRESTON, C., JOHNSON-SCHLITZ, D., NASSIF, N., PHILLIS, R., BENZ, W., ROBERTSON, H. AND ENGELS, W. (1993) Type I respressors of P element mobility. Genetics 135(1): 81-95.. 320.

(12) GLYNN, E., MEGEE, P., YU, H., MISTROT, C., UNAL, E., KOSHLAND, D., DERISI, J. AND GERTON, J. (2004) Genome-wide mapping of the cohesin comoplex in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS Biol. 2: E259. GOLDEN, A. AND COHEN-FIX, O. (2003) Getting (chromosomes) loaded – a new role for timeless. Develop. Cell 5(1): 7-9. GORDILLO, M., VEGA, H., TRAINER, A., HOU, F., SAKAI, N., LUQUE, R., KAYSERILI, H., BASARAN, S., SKOVBY, F., HENNEKAM, R., UZIELLI, M., SCHNUR, R., MANOUVRIER, S., CHANG, S., BLAIR, E., HURST, J., FORANO, F., MEINS, M., SIMOLA, K., RAAS-ROTHSCHILD, A., SCHULTA, R., MCDANIEL, L., OZONO, K., INUI, K., ZUI, H. AND JABS, E. (2008) The molecular mechanism underlying Roberts syndrome involves loss of ESCO2 acetyltransferase activity. Hum. Mol. Genet. 17(14): 2172-80. GOYAL, L., MCMALL, K., AGAPITE, J., HARTWIEG, E. AND STELLER, H. (2000) Induction of apoptosis by Drosophila reaper, hid, and grim through inhibition of IAP function. EMBO J. 19(4): 589-97. GRAUMAN, P. AND KNUST, T. (2009) Dynamics of the bacterial SMC complex and SMC-like proteins involved in DNA repair. Chromosome Research 17: 265275. GREGORY, S., SHANDALA, T., O'KEEFE, L., JONES, L., MURRAY, M., AND SAINT, R. (2007) A Drosophila overexpression screen for modifiers of Rho signalling in cytokinesis. Fly 1(1): 13-22. GREGSON, H., SCHMIESING, J., KIM, J., KOBAYASHI, T., ZHOU, S. AND YOKOMORI, K. (2001) A potential role for human cohesin in mitotic spindle aster assembly. J. Biol. Chem. 276(50): 47575-82. GRELL, R. AND VALENCIA, J. (1964) Distributive pairing and aneuploidy in man. Science 145: 66-7. GRETHER, M., ABRAMS, J., AGAPITE, J., WHITE, K. AND HERMANN, S. (1995) The head involution defective gene of Drosophila melanogaster functions in programmed cell death. Genes and Dev. 9:1694-1708. GROSSHANS, J., SCHNORRER, F. AND NUSSLEIN-VOLHARD, C. (1999) Oligomerisation of Tube and Pelle leads to nuclear localisation of Dorsal. Mech. Dev. 81(1,2): 127-138. GROSSKORTENHAUSE, R. AND SPRENGER, F. (2002) Rca1 inhibits APCCdh1 (Fzr) and is required to prevent cyclin degradation in G2. Dev. Cell 2(1): 2940.. 321.

(13) GRUBER, S., ARUMUGAM, P., KATOU, Y., KUGLITSCH, D., HELMHART, W., SHIRAHIGE, K. AND NASMYTH, K. (2006) Evidence that loading of cohesin onto chromosome involves opening of its SMC hinge. Cell 127: 523-537. GRUBER, S., HAERING, C. AND NASMYTH, K. (2003) Chromosomal cohesin forms a ring. Cell 112(6): 765-77. GUACCI, V., KOSHLAND, D. AND STRUNNIKOV, A. (1997) A direct link between sister chromatid cohesion and chromosome condensation revealed through the analysis of MCD1 in S. cerevisiae. Cell 91: 47-57. HAERING, C., FARCAS, A-M., ARUMUGAM, P., METSON, J. AND NASMYTH, K. (2008) The cohesin ring concatenates sister DNA molecules. Nature 454(7202): 297-301. HAERING, C. AND NASMYTH, K. (2003) Building and breaking bridges between sister chromatids. Bioessays 25(12): 1178-91. HAGTING, A., DEN ELZEN, N., VODERMAIER, H., WAIZENEGGER, I., PETERS, J. AND PINES, J. (2002) Human securin proteolysis is controlled by the spindle checkpoint and reveals when the APC/C switches from activation by Cdc20 to Cdh1. J. Cell Biol. 157: 1125-1137. HAINCE, J., KOZLOV, S., DAWSON, T., HENDZEL, M., LAVIN, M. AND POIRIER, G. (2007) Ataxia telangiectasia (ATM) signaling network is modulated by a novel poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent pathway in the early response to DNAdamaging agents. J. Biol. Chem. 282(22): 16441-53. HAKIMI, M., BOCHAR, D., SCHMIESING, J., DONG, Y., BARAK, O., SPEICHER, D., YOKOMORI, K. AND SHIEKHATTAR, R. (2002) A chromatin remodelling complex that loads cohesin onto human chromosomes. Nature 418(6901): 994-8. HALLSON, G., SYRZYCKA, M., BECK, S, KENNISON, J., DORSETT, D., PAGE, S., HUNTER, S., KEALL, R., WARREN, D., BROCK, H., SINCLAIR, D. AND HONDA, B. (2008) The Drosophila cohesin subunit Rad21 is a trithorax group (trxG) protein. Proc, Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105(34): 12405-10. HAMERS, A., VAES-PEETERS, G., JONGBLOED, R., MILLINGTON-WARD, A., MEIJER, H., DE DIE-SMULDERS, C. AND GERAEDTS, J. (1987) On the origin of recurrent trisomy 21: determination using chromosomal and DNA polymorphisms. Clin. Genet. 32(6): 409-13. HANAHAN, D. AND WEINBERG, R. (2000) The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 100: 57-70.. 322.

(14) HAREN, L., STEARNS, T. AND LUDERS, J. (2009) Plk1-dependent recruitment of gamma-tubulin complexes to mitotic centrosomes involves multiple PCM components. PLoS One 4(6): e5976. HARPER, J., BURTON, J. AND SOLOMON, M. (2002) The anaphase-promoting complex: it's not just for mitosis any more. Genes Dev. 16: 2179-2206. HARRIS, D., ORME, C., KRAMER, J., NAMBA, L., CHAMPION, M., PALLADINO, M., NATZLE, J. AND HAWLEY, R. (2003) A deficiency screen of the major autosomes identifies a gene (matrimony) that is haplo-insufficient for achiasmate segregation in Drosophila oocytes. Genetics 165(2): 637-52. HARTMAN, T., STEAD, K., KOSHLAND, D. AND GUACCI, V. (2000) Pds5p is an essential chromosomal protein required for both sister chromatid cohesion and condensation in Saccharomyces cervesiae. J. Cell Biol. 151(3): 613-26. HASSOLD, T., MATSUYAMA, A., NEWLANDS, I., MATSUURA, J., JACOBS, P., MANUEL, B. AND TSUEI, J. (1978) A cytogenetic study of spontaneous abortions in Hawaii. Ann. Hum. Genet. 41: 443-454. HASSOLD, T., CHEN, N., FUNKHOUSER, J., JOOSS, T., MANUEL, B., MATSUURA, J., MATSUYAMA, A., WILSON, C., AND YAMAE, A. AND JACOBS, P. (1980) A cytogenetic study of 1000 spontaneous abortions. Ann. Hum. Genet. 44: 151-164. HASSOLD, T., HALL, H. AND HUNT, P. (2007) The origin of human aneuploidy: where we have been, where we are going. Human Mol. Genet. 16(2): R203-R208. HASSOLD, T. AND HUNT, P. (2001) To err (meiotically) is human: the genesis of human aneuploidy. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2(4): 280-91. HASSOLD, T. AND SHERMAN, S. (2000) Down syndrome: genetic recombination and the origin of the extra chromosome 21. Clin. Genet. 57: 95-100. HAUF, S., WAIZENEGGER, I., AND PETERS, J. (2001) Cohesin cleavage by separase required for anaphase and cytokinesis in human cells. Science 293(5533): 1320-3. HEEGER, S., LEISMANN, O., SCHITTENHELM, R., SCHRAIDT, O., HEIDMANN, S. AND LEHNER, C. (2005) Genetic interactions of separase regulatory subunits reveal the diverged Drosophila Cenp-C homog. Genes Dev. 19(17): 2041-2053. HEIDINGER-PAULI, J., UNAL, E. AND KOSHLAND, D. (2009) Distinct targets of the Eco1 acetyltransferase modulate cohesion in S phase and in response to DNA damage. Mol. Cell. 34(3): 311-21.. 323.

(15) HELD, L. (1982) Polyploidy and aneuploidy induced by colcemid in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutat. Res. 94(1): 87-101. HENDERSON, S. AND EDWARDS, R. (1968) Chiasma frequency and maternal age in mammals. Nature 218: 22-28. HENIKOFF, S. AND MALIK, H. (2002) Conflict begets complexity: the evolution of centromeres. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 12: 711-718. HIRANO, M. AND HIRANO, T. (2006) Opening closed arms: long-distance activation of SMC ATPase by hinge-DNA interactions. Mol. Cell 21: 175-186. HIRANO, T., KOBAYASHI, R. AND HIRANO, M. (1997) Condensins, chromosome condensation protein complexes containing XCAP-C, XCAP-E, and a Xenopus homolog of the Drosophila Barren protein. Cell 89: 511-521. HODGES, C., REVENKOVA, E., JESSBERGER, R., HASSOLD, T. AND HUNT, P. (2005) SMC1beta-deficient mice provide evidence that cohesins are a missing link in age-related nondisjunction. Nat. Genet. 37(12): 1351-5. HOGGE, W., BYRNES, A., LANASA, M. AND SURTI, U. (2003) The clinical use of karyotyping spontaneous abortions. Am. J. Obstet. Gyn. 189(2): 397-400. HORSFIELD, J., ANAGNOSTOU, S., HU, J., CHO, K., GEISLER, R., LIESCHKE, G., CROSIER, K. AND CROSIER, P. (2007) Cohesin-dependent regulation of Runx genes. Development 134(14): 2639-49. HUANG, T., WUERZBERGER-DAVIS, S., WU, Z. AND MIAYMOTO, S. (2003) Sequential modification of NEMO/IKKγ by SUMO-1 and ubiquitin mediates NF-κB activation by genotoxic stress. Cell 115: 565-576. HUNT, P., KOEHLER, K., SUSIARJO, M., HODGES, C., ILAGAN, A., VOIGT, R., THOMAS, S., THOMAS, B. AND HASSOLD, T. (2003) Bisphenol A exposure causes meiotic aneuploidy in the female mouse. Curr. Biol. 13(7): 546-53. INLOW, J. AND RESTIFO, L. (2004) Molecular and comparative genetics of mental retardation. Genetics 166(2): 835-881. IRELAN, J., MURPHY, T., DEJESUS, P., TEO, H., XU, D., GOMEZ-FERRERIA, M., ZHOU, Y., MIRAGLIA, L., RINES, D., VERMA, I., SHARP, D., TERGAONKAR, V. AND CHANDA, S. (2007) A role for IκB kinase 2 in bipolar spindle assembly. PNAS 104(43): 16940-45. IVANOV, D., SCHLEIFFER, A., EISENHABER, F., MECHTLER, K., HAERING, C. AND NASMYTH, K. (2002) Eco1 is a novel acetyltransferase that can acetylate proteins involved in cohesion. Curr Biol 12(4): 323-8.. 324.

(16) IVANOV, D. AND NASMYTH, K. (2005) A topological interaction between cohesin rings and a circular minichromosome. Cell 122(6): 849-60. IVANOV, D. AND NASMYTH, K. (2007) A physical assay for sister chromatid cohesion in vitro. Mol. Cell 27(2): 300-10. IWAIZUMI, M., SHINMURA, K., MORI, H., YAMADA, H., SUZUKI, M., KITAYAMA, Y., IGARASHI, H., NAKAMURA, T., SUZUKI, H., WATANBE, Y., HISHIDA, A., IKUMA, M. AND SUGIMURA, H. (2009) Human Sgo1 downregulation leads to chromosomal instability in colorectal cancer. Gut 58: 249260. JACHYMCZYK, W., CHLEBOQICZ, E., SWIETLINSKA, Z. AND ZUK, J. (1977) Alkaline sucrose sedimentation studies of MMS-inducing DNA single-strand breakage and rejoining in the wild type and UV-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutat. Res. 43(1): 1-10. JACKSON, S. (1996) DNA damage detection by DNA dependent protein kinase and related enzymes. Cancer Surv. 28: 261-79. JEFFREYS, C., BURRAGE, P. AND BICKEL, S. (2003) A model system for increased meiotic non-disjunction in older oocytes. Curr. Biol. 13(6): 498-503. JEGANATHAN, K., MALUREANU, L. AND VAN DEURSEN, J. (2005) The Rae1-Nup98 complex prevents aneuploidy by inihibiting securin degradation. Nature 438(7070): 1036-9. JESSBERGER, R., FREI, C. AND GASSER, S. (1998) Chromosome dynamics: the SMC protein family. Curr Opin Genet Dev 8(2): 254-9. JIN, H., GUACCI, V. AND YU, H. (2009) Pds5 is required for homologue pairing and inhibits synapsis of sister chromatids during yeast meiosis. J. Cell Biol. 186(5): 713-25. JOHNSON, G. AND VAILLANCOURT, R. (1994) Sequential protein kinase reactions controlling cell growth and differentiation. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 6(2): 230-8. JOHNSTON, L. AND GALLANT, P. (2002) Control of growth and organ size in Drosophila. BioEssays 24: 54-64. JONES, S. AND SGOUROS, J. (2001) The cohesin complex: sequence homologies, interaction networks and shared motifs. Genome Biol. 2(3): RESEARCH0009. JORDAN, M. AND WILSON, L. (1998) Use of drugs to study role of microtubule assembly dynamics in living cells. Methods Enzymol. 298: 252-76.. 325.

(17) JOST, M., KARI, C. AND RODECK, U. (2000) The EGF receptor – an essential regulator of multiple epidermal functions. Eur. J. Dermatiol. 10(7): 505-10. KAGANSKY, A., FREEMAN, L., LUKYANOV, D. AND STRUNNIKOV, A. (2004) Histone tail-independent chromatin binding activity of recombinant cohesin holocomplex. J. Biol. Chem. 279(5): 3382-3388. KALLIO, M., MCCLELAND, M., STUKENBER, P. AND GORBSKY, G. (2002) Inhibition of aurora B kinase blocks chromosome segregation, overrides the spindle checkpoint, and perturbs microtubule dynamics in mitosis. Curr. Biol. 12: 900-905. KANG, J. AND YU, H. (2009) Kinase signaling in the spindle checkpoint. J. Biol. Chem. 284(23): 15359-63. KARAISKOU, A, JESSUS, C., BRASSAC, T. AND OZON, R. (1999) Phosphatase 2A and polo kinase, two antagonistic regulators of activitation and MPF autoamplification. J. Cell. Sci. 112(Pt21): 3747-56. KARESS, R. AND GLOVER, D. (1989) rough deal: a gene required for proper mitotic segregation in Drosophila. J. Cell. Biol. 109(6 Pt 1): 2951-61. KARESS, R. (2005) Rod-Zw10-Zwilch: a key player in the spindle checkpoint. Trends Cell Biol. 15(7): 386-92. KEALL, R. (2005) Molecular and genetic analysis of Drosophila Rad21. PhD thesis, School of Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia. KENNA, M. AND SKIBBENS, R. (2003) Mechanical link between cohesion establishment and DNA replication: Ctf7p/Eco1p, a cohesion establishment factor, associates with three different replication factor C complexes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23: 2999-3007. KHODJAKOV, A. AND RIEDER, C. (2001) Centrosomes enhance the fidelity of cytokinesis in vertebrates and are required for cell cycle progression. J. Cell Biol. 153: 237-242. KING, R. (2008) When 2 + 2 = 5: the origins and fates of aneuploid and tetraploid cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1786: 4-14. KINGSTON, R., BUNKER, C. AND IMBALZANO, A. (1996) Repression and activation by multiprotein complexes that alter chromatin structure. Genes Dev. 10: 905-920. KITAGAWA, R., BAKKENIST, C., MCKINNON, P. AND KASTAN, M. (2004) Phosphorylation of SMC1 is a critical downstream event in the ATM-NBS1-BRCA1 pathway. Genes Dev. 18(12): 1423-38.. 326.

(18) KITAJIMA, T., HAUF, S., OHSUGI, M., YAMAMOTO, T. AND WATANABE, Y. (2005) Human Bub1 defines the persistent cohesion site along the mitotic chromosome by affecting Shugoshin localisation. Curr. Biol. 15: 353-359. KITAJIMA, T., SAKUNO, T., ISHIGURO, K., IEMURA, S., NATSUME, T., KAWASHIMA, S. AND WATANBE, Y. (2006) Shugoshin collaborates with protein phosphatase 2A to protect cohesin. Nature 441: 46-52. KITAJIMA, T., YOKOBAYASHI, S., YAMAMOTO, M AND WATANABE, Y. (2003) Distinct cohesin complexes organise meiotic chromosome domains. Science 300(5622): 1152-5. KLEIN, E., YUNG, Y., CASTAGNIN, P., KOTHAPALLI, D. AND ASSOAIAN, R. (2007) Cell adheions, cellular tension, and cell cycle control. Methods Enzymol. 426: 155-75. KOEHLER, K. AND HASSOLD, T. (1998) Human aneuploidy: lessons from achiasmate segregation in Drosophila melanogaster. Ann. Hum. Genet. 62(6): 467479. KRAMER, J. AND STAVELEY, B. (2003) GAL4 causes developmental defects and apoptosis when expressed in the developing eye of Drosophila melanogaster. Genet. Mol. Res. 2(1): 43-47. KRANTZ, I., MCCALLUM, J., DESCIPIO, C., KAUR, M., GILLIS, L., YAEGER, D., JUKOFSKY, L., WASSERMAN, N., BOTTANI, A., MORRIS, C., NOWACZYK, M., TORIELLO, H., BAMSHAD, M., CAREY, J., RAPPAPORT, E., KAWAUCHI, S., LANDER, A., CALOF, A., LI, H., DEVOTO, M. AND JACKSON, L. (2004) Cornelia de Lange syndrome is caused by mutations in NIPBL, the human homolog of Drosophila melanogaster Nipped-B. Nat Genet 36(6): 631-5. KUDO, N., ANGER, M., PETERS, A., STEMMANN, O., THEUSSL, H., HELMHART, W., KUDO, H., HEYTING, C. AND NASMYTH, K. (2009) Role of cleavage by separase of the Rec8 kleisin subunit of cohesin during mammalian meiosis I. J. Cell Sci. 122(Pt 15): 2686-98. KUDO, N., MASSMANN, K., ANGER, M., SCHUH, M., WIRTH, K., XU, H., HELMHART, W., KUDO, H., MCKAY, M., MARO, B., ELLENBERG, J., DE BOER, P. AND NASMYTH, K. (2006) Resolution of chiasmata in oocytes requires separase-mediated proteolysis. Cell 126(1): 135-46. KUENG, S., HEGEMANN, B., PETERS, B., LIPP, J., SCHLIEFFER, A., MECHTLER, K. AND PETERS, J. (2006) Wapl controls the dynamic association of cohesin with chromatin. Cell 127: 955-967.. 327.

(19) KULIEV, A. AND VERLINSKY, Y. (2004) Meiotic and mitotic nondisjunction: lessons from preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Hum. Reprod. Update. 10(5): 4017. KULKARNI, A., LODDO, M., LEO, E., RASHID, M., EWARD, K., FANSHAWE, T., BUTCHER, J., FROST, A., LEDERMANN, J., WILLIAMS, G. AND STOEBER, K. (2007) DNA replication licensing factors and aurora kinases are linked to aneuploidy and clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Clin. Cancer. Res. 13(20): 6153-61. KUMAGAI, A., AND DUNPHY, W. (1996) Purification and molecular cloning of Plx1, a Cdc25-regulatory kinase from Xenopus egg extracts. Science 273(5280): 1377-80. KURADA, P. AND WHITE, K. (1998) Ras promotes cell survival in Drosophila by down regulating hid expression. Cell 95(3): 319-29. KWON, M., MORALES-MULIA, S., BRUST-MASCHER, I., ROGERS, G., SHARP, D. AND SCHOLEY, J. (2004) The chromokinsen, KLP3A, drives mitotic spindle pole separation during prometaphase and anaphase and facilitates chromatid motility. Mol. Biol. Cell. 15(1): 219-33. LALORAYA, S., GUACCI, V. AND KOSHLAND, D. (2000) Chromosomal addresses of the cohesin component Mcd1p. J. Cell Biol. 151(5): 1047-56. LAMB, N., FEINGOLD, E., SAVAGE, A., AVRAMOPOULOS, D., FREEMAN,S., GU, Y., HALLBERG, A., HERSEY, J., KARADIMA, G., PETTAY, D., SAKER, D., SHEN, J., TAFT, L., MIKKELSEN, M., PETERSEN, M., HASSOLD, T. AND SHERMAN, S. (1997) Characterisation of susceptible chiasma configurations that increase the risk for maternal nondisjunction of chromosome 21. Hum. Mol. Genet. 6(9): 1391-1399. LAMB, N., SHERMAN, S. AND HASSOLD, T. (2005) Effect of meiotic recombination on the production of aneuploid gametes in humans. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 111(3-4): 250-5. LAMB, N., YU, K., SHAFFER, J., FEINGOLD, E. AND SHERMAN, S. (2005) Association between maternal age and meiotic recombination for trisomy 21. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 76: 91-99. LANDSKRON, J., CHEN, K., WOLF, E. AND STANEWSKY, R. (2009) A role for the PERIOD:PERIOD homodimer in the Drosophila circadian clock. PLoS 7(4): e3. LARA-PEZZI, E., PEZZI, N., PRIETO, I., BARTHELEMY, I., CARREIRO, C., MARTINEZ, A., MALDONADO-RODRIGUEZ, A., LOPEZ-CABRERA, M. AND BARBERO, J. (2004) Evidence of a transcriptional co-activator function of cohesin STAG/SA/Scc3. J. Biol. Chem. 279(8): 6553-9.. 328.

(20) LE, H., DONALDSON, K., COOK, K. AND KARPEN, G. (2004) A high proportion of genes involved in position effect variegation also affect chromosome inheritance. Chromosoma 112: 269-276. LECUIT, T. AND WIESCHAUS, E. (2002) Junctions as organising centres in epithelial cells? A fly perspective. Traffic 3(2): 92-7. LEE, S., KIM, J. AND KIM, N. (2007) Inactivation of MAPK affects centrosome assembly, but not actin filament assembly, in mouse oocytes maturing in vitro. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74(7): 904-11. LENGRONNE, A., KATOU, Y., MORI, S., YOKOBAYASHI, S., KELLY, G., ITOH, T., WATANABE, Y., SHIRAHIGE, K. AND UHLMANN, F. (2004) Cohesin relocation from sites of chromosomal loading to places of convergent transcription. Nature 430: 573-578. LETSOU, A., ALEXANDER, S., ORTH, K. AND WASSERMAN, S. (1991) Genetic and molecular characterisation of tube, a Drosophila gene maternally require for embryonic dorsoventral polarity. PNAS USA 88(3): 810-4. LIANG, J. AND BRINKLEY, B. (1985) Chemical probes and possible targets for the induction of aneuploidy. Basic Life Sci. 36: 491-505. LINDSLEY, D., SANDLER, L., BAKER, B., CARPENTER, A., DENELL, R., HALL, J., JACOBS, P., GABOR MIKLOS, G., DAVIS, B., GETHMANN, R., HARDY, R., HESSLER, A., MILLER, S., NOZAWA, H., PARRY, D. AND GOULD-SOMERO, M. (1972) Segmental aneuploidy and the genetic gross structure of the Drosophila genome. Genetics 71: 157–184. LINGLE, W., BARRETT, S., NEGRON, V., D'ASSORO, A., BEONEMAN, K., LIU, W., WHITEHEAD, C., REYNOLDS, C. AND SALISBURY, J. (2002) Centrosome amplification drives chromosomal instability in breast tumor development. PNAS USA 99: 1978-1983. LIU, B., LIANG, M., KUO, Y., LIAO, W., BOROS, I., KLEINBERGER, T., BLANCATO, J. AND GIAM, C. (2003) Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 tax promotes unscheduled degradation of Pds1p/securin and Clb2p/cyclin B and causes chromosomal instability. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23(15): 5269-81. LIU, Q., RAND, T., KALIDAS, S., DU, F., KIM, H., SMITH, D. AND WANG, X. (2003) R2D2, a bridge between the initiation and effector steps of the Drosophila RNAi pathway. Science 301(5641): 1921-1925. LOBJOIS, V., JULLIEN, D., BOUCHE, J. AND DUCOMMUN, B. (2009) The polo-like kinase 1 regulates CDC25B-dependent mitosis entry. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1793(3): 462-8.. 329.

(21) LOGARINHO, E., BOUSBAA, H., DIAS, J., LOPES, C., AMORIM, I., ANTUNES-MARTINS, A. AND SUNKEL, C. (2004) Different spindle checkpoint proteins monitor microtubule attachment and tension at kinetochores in Drosophila cells. J. Cell Sci. 117(Pt 9): 1757-71. LOPES, C., SAMPAIO, P., WILLIAMS, B., GOLDBERG, M. AND SUNKEL, C. (2005) The Drosophila Bub3 protein is required for the mitotic checkpoint and for normal accumulation of cyclins during G2 and early stages of mitosis. J. Cell Sci. 118(Pt 1): 187-98. LOSADA, A., HIRANO, M. AND HIRANO, T. (1998) Identification of Xenopus SMC protein complexes required for sister chromatid cohesion. Genes Dev 12(13): 1986-97. LOSADA, A., YOKOCHI, T. AND HIRANO, T. (2005) Functional contribution of Pds5 to cohesin-mediated cohesion in human cells and Xenopus egg extracts. J. Cell Sci. 118: 2133-2141. LOSADA, A., T. YOKOCHI, T., KOBAYASHI, R. AND HIRANO, T. (2000) Identification and characterization of SA/Scc3p subunits in the Xenopus and human cohesin complexes. J Cell Biol 150(3): 405-16. LUCIANI, J., DEVICTOR, M., MORAZZANI, M-R. AND STAHL, A. (1976) Meiosis of trisomy 21 in the human pachytene oocyte. Chromosoma 57(2): 155163. LUKACSOVICH, T., ASZTALOS, Z., AWANO, W., BABA, K., KONDO, S., NIWA, S. AND YAMAMOTO, D. (2001) Dual-tagging gene trap of novel genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 157(2):727-42. LUKAS, J., LUKAS, C. AND BARTEK, J. (2004) Mammalian cell cycle checkpoints: signalling pathways and their organisation in space and time. DNA Repair 3: 997-1007. MAHMOOD, R., BRIERLEY, C., FAED, M., MILLS, J. AND DELHANTY, J. (2000) Mechanisms of maternal aneuploidy: FISH analysis of oocytes and polar bodies in patients undergoing assisted conception. Human Genetics 106(6): 620626. MAILHES, J. AND AARDEMA, M. (1992) Benomyl-induced aneuploidy in mouse oocytes. Mutagenesis 7(4): 303-9. MAILHES, J., CARABATSOS, M., YOUNG, D., LONDON, S., BELL, M. AND ALBERTINI, D. (1999) Taxol-induced meiotic maturation delay, spindle defects, and aneuploidy in mouse oocytes and zygotes. Mutat. Res. 423(1-2): 79-90.. 330.

(22) MAILHES, J., MARCHETTI, F. AND AARDEMA, M. (1993a) Griseofulvininduced aneuploidy and meiotic delay in mouse oocytes: effect of dose and harvest time. Mutat. Res. 300(3-4): 155-63. MAILHES, J., AARDEMA, M. AND MARCHETTI, F. (1993b) Investigatin of aneuploidy induction in mouse oocytes following exposure to vinblastine-sulfate, pyrimethamine, diethstilbestrol diphosphate, or chloral hydrate. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 22(2): 107-14. MAILHES, J., YUAN, Z. AND AARDEMA, M. (1990) Cytogenetic analysis of mouse oocytes and one-cell zygotes as a potential assay for heritable germ cell aneuploidy. Mutat. Res. 242(2): 89-100. MAJIKA, J. AND BURGERS, P. (2004) The PCNA-RFC families of DNA clamps and clamp loaders. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 78: 227-260. MALIK, H. AND BAYES, J. (2006) Genetic conflicts during meiosis and the evolutionary origins of centromere complexity. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34: 569-573. MALINI, S. AND RAMACHANDRA, N. (2006) Influence of advanced age of maternal grandmothers on Down Syndrome. BMC Med. Genetics 7: 4. MANAK, J., MITIKU, N. AND LIPSICK, J. (2002) Mutation of the Drosophila homologue of the Myb protooncogene causes genomic instability. PNAS USA 99(11): 7438-43. MARADEO, M. AND SKIBBENS, R. (2009) The Elg1-RFC clamp-loading complex performs a role in sister chromatid cohesion. PLoS ONE 4(3): e4707. Epub Mar 5. MARTIN, R., ERNST, S., RADEMAKER, A., BARCLAY, L., KO, E. AND SUMMERS, N. (1997) Analysis of human sperm karyotypes in testicular cancer patients before and after chemotherapy. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 78(2): 120-3. MARTIN, R., ERNST, S., RADEMAKER, A., BARCLAY, L., KO, E. AND SUMMERS, N. (1999) Analysis of sperm chromosome complements before, during, and after chemotherapy. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 108(2): 133-6. MARTIN, R., RADEMAKER, A. AND LEONARD, N. (1995) Analysis of chromosomal abnormalities in human sperm after chemotherapy by karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 80(1): 29-32. MARTINEZ, A., COLOMB, S., DEJARDIN, J., BANTIGNIES, F. AND CAVALLI, G. (2006) Polycomb group-dependent Cyclin A repression in Drosophila. Genes Dev. 20(4): 501-513.. 331.

(23) MARUSYK, A. AND DEGREGORI, J. (2008) Declining cellular fitness with age promotes cancer initiation by selecting for adaptive oncogenic mutations. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1785: 1-11. MARX, J. (2002) Debate surges over the origins of genomic defects in cancer. Science 297: 544-546. MATHE, E., KRAFT, C., GIET, R., DEAK, P., PETERS, J. AND GLOVER, D. (2004) The E2-C vihar is required for the correct spatiotemporal proteolysis of cyclin B and itself undergoes cyclical degradation. Curr. Biol. 14(19): 1723-33. MATTHIES, J., MCDONALD, H., GOLDSTEIN, L. AND THEURKAUF, W. (1996) Anastral meiotic spindle morphogenesis: role of the non-claret disjunctional kinesin-like protein. J. Cell Biol. 134: 455-464. MAYER, M., GYGI, S., AEBERSOLD, R. AND HIETER, P. (2001) Identification of RFC (Ctf18p, Ctf8p, Dcc1p): an alternative RFC complex required for sister chromatid cohesion in S. cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. 7(5): 959-70. MAZUMDAR, M. AND MISTELI, T. (2005) Chromokinesins: players in mitosis. Trends Cell. Biol. 15(7): 349-55.. multitalented. MCDANIEL, L., TOMKINS, D., STANBRIDGE, E., SOMERVILLE, M., FRIEDBERG, E. AND SCHULTZ, R. (2005) Mapping of a single locus capable of complementing the defective heterochromatin phenotype of Roberts syndrome cells. Am J Hum Genet 77(1): 132-9. MCGUINNESS, B., HIROTA, T., KUDO, N., PETERS, J. AND NASMYTH, K. (2005) Shugoshin prevents dissociation of cohesin from centromeres during mitosis in vertebrate cells. PLoS Biol. 3: e86. MCINTYRE, J., MULLER, E., WEITZER, S., SNYDSMAN, B., DAVIDS, T. AND UHLMANN, F. (2007) In vivo analysis of cohesin architecture using FRET in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J. 26(16): 3783-3793. MCNAIRN, A. AND GERTON, J. (2009) Intersection of ChIP and FLIP, genomic methods to study the dynamics of the cohesin proteins. Chromosome Research 17: 155-163. METAXAKIS, A., OEHLER, S., KINAKIS, A. AND SAVAKIS, C. (2005) Minos as a genetic and genomic tool in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 171(2):571-81. MEYER, R., FOFANOV, V., PANIGRAHI, A., MERCHANT, F., ZHANG, N. AND PATI, D. (2009) Overexpression and mislocalisation of the chromosomal segregation protein separase in multiple human cancers. Clin. Cancer Res. 15(8): 2703-10.. 332.

(24) MIAO, Y., KIKUCHI, K., SUN, Q. AND SCHATTEN, H. (2009) Oocyte aging: cellular and molecular changes, developmental potential, and reversal possibility. Hum. Reprod. 15(5): 573-85. MIAO, Y., SUN, Q., ZHANG, X., ZHAO, J., SPATE, L., PRATHER, R. AND SCHATTEN, H. (2009) Centrosome abnormalities during porcine oocyte aging. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 50(8): 666-71. MICHAELIS, C., CIOSK, R. AND NASMYTH, K. (1997) Cohesins: chromosomal proteins that prevent premature separation of sister chromatids. Cell 91(1): 35-45. MILUTINOVICH, M., UNAL, E., WARD, C., SKIBBENS, R. AND KOSHLAND, D. (2007) A multi-step pathway for the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion. PLoS Genet. 3: e12. MISULOVIN, Z., SCHWARTZ, Y., LI, X., KAHN, T., GAUSE, M., MACARTHUR, S., FAY, J., EISEN, M., PIRROTTA, V., BIGGIN, M. AND DORSETT, D. (2008) Association of cohesin and Nipped-B with transcriptionally active regions of the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Chromosoma 117(1): 89102. MOLDOVAN, G., PFANDER, B. AND JENTSCH, S. (2006) PCNA controls establishment of sister chromatid cohesion during S-phase. Mol. Cell 23: 723-732. MONTEIL, M., ROUSSEAUX, S., CHEVRET, E., PELLETIER, R., COZZI, J. AND SELE, B. (1997) Increased aneuploid frequency in spermatozoa from a Hodgkin's disease patient after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 76(3-4): 134-8. MORTON, N., KEATS, B., JACOBS, P., HASSOLD, T., PETTAY, D., HARVEY, J. AND ANDREWS, V. (1990) A centromere map of the X chromosome from trisomies of maternal origin. Ann. Hum. Genet. 54(Pt1): 39-47. MUSACCHIO, A. AND SALMON, E. (2007) The spindle-assembly checkpoint in time and space. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 8: 379-393. NAKAJIMA, M., KUMADA, K., HATAKEYAMA, K., NODA, T., PETERS, J. AND HIROTA, T. (2007) The complete removal of cohesin from chromosome arms depends on separase. J. Cell Sci. 120(Pt 23): 4188-96. NASMYTH, K. (1996) 274(5293): 1643-45.. Viewpoint:. putting the cell cycle in order. Science. NASMYTH, K., PETERS, J. AND UHLMANN, F. (2001) Splitting the chromosome: cutting the ties that bind sister chromatids. Science 288(5470): 137985.. 333.

(25) NASYMTH, K. AND SCHLEIFFER, A. (2004) From a single double helix to paired double helices and back. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 359: 99-108. NIGG, E. (2006) Centrosome aberrations: progression? Nat. Rev. Cancer 2: 815-825.. cause or consequence of cancer. NOBLE, D., KENNA, M., DIX, M., SKIBBENS, R., UNAL, E. AND GUACCI, V. (2006) Intersection between the regulators of sister chromatid cohesion establishment and maintenance in budding yeast indicates a multi-step mechanism. Cell Cycle 5(21): 2528-36. NONAKA, N., KITAJIMA, T., YOKOBAYASHI, S., XIAO, G., YAMAMOTO, M., GREWAL, S. AND WATANABE, Y. (2002) Recruitment of cohesin to heterochromatin regions by Swi6/HP1 in fission yeast. Nat. Cell. Biol. 4(1): 89-93. NUSSLEIN-VOLHARD, C., LOHS-SCHARDIN, M., SANDER, K. AND CREMER, C. (1980) A dorso-ventral shift embryonic primordia in a new maternaleffect mutant of Drosophila. Nature 283: 474-6. OCAMPO-HAFALLA, M., KATOU, K., SHIRAHIGE, K. AND UHLMANN, F. (2007) Displacement and reaccumulation of centromeric cohesin during transient pre-anaphase centromere splitting. Chromosoma 116: 531-544. OHBAYASHI, T., OIKAWA, K., YAMADA, K., NISHIDA-UMEHARA, C., MATSUDA, Y., SATOH, H., MUKAI, H., MUKAI, K. AND KURODA, M. (2007) Unscheduled overexpression of human WAPL promotes chromosomal instability. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 356(3): 699-704. OHI, R. AND GOULD, K. (1999) Regulating the onset of mitosis. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11(2): 267-73. OIKAWA, K., AKIUOSHI, A., TANAKA, M., TAKANASHI, M., NISHI, H., ISAKA, K., KSEKI, H., IDEI, T., TSUKAHARA, Y., HISHIMURA, N., MUKAI, K. AND KURODA, M. (2008) Expression of various types of alternatively spliced WAPL transcripts in human cervial epithelia. Gene 423(1): 57-62. OKADA, M., AKIMARU, H., HOU, D-X., TAKAHASHI, T., AND ISHII, S., (2002) Myb controls G2/M progression by inducing cyclin B expression in the Drosophila eye imaginal disc. The EMBO Journal 21: 675-684. OLIVER, T., FEINGOLD, E., YU, K., CHEUNG, V., TINKER, S., YADAVSHAH, M., MASSE, N., SHERMAN, S. (2008) New insights into human nondisjunction of chromosome 21 in oocytes. PLoS Genet. 4(3): e1000033. ORIAN, A., DELROW, J., NIEVES, A., ABED, M., METZGER, D., PAROUSH, Z., IESENMAN, R. AND PARKHURST, S. (2007) A Myc-Grouch complex integrates EGF and Notch signalling to regulate neural development. PNAS USA 104(40): 15771-15776. 334.

(26) OSGOOD, C. AND CYR, K. (1998) Induction by nitriles of sex chromosome aneuploidy: tests of mechanism. Mutat. Res. 403(1-2): 149-57. OUTWIN, E., IRMISCH, A., MURRAY, J. AND O'CONNELL, M. (2009) Smc5Smc6-dependent removal of cohesin from mitotic chromosomes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 29(16): 4363-75. PACCHIEROTTI, F., ADLER, I. EICHENLAUB-RITTER, U. AND MAILHES, J. (2007) Gender effects on the incidence of aneuploidy in mammalian germ cells. Environ. Res. 104: 46-69. PADUNGTOD, C., HASSOLD, T., MILLIE, E., RYAN, L., SAVITZ, D., CHRISTIANI, D. AND XU, X. (1999) Sperm aneuploidy among Chinese pesticide factory workers: scoring by the FISH method. Am. J. Ind. Med. 36(2): 230-8. PALESTIS, B., BURT, A., JONES, N. AND TRIVERS, R. (2004) B chromosomes are more frequent in mammals with acrocentric karyotypes: support for the theory of centromeric drive. Proc. Biol. Sci. 271 Suppl. 3: S22-4. PANIZZA, S., TANAKA, T., HOCHWAGEN, A. AND NASMYTH, K. (2000) Pds5 cooperates with cohesin in maintaining sister chromatid cohesion. Curr. Biol. 10(24): 1557-64. PARELHO, V., HADJUR, S., SPIVAKOV, M., LELEU, M., SAUER, S., GREGSON, H., JARMUZ, A., CANZONETTA, C., WEBSTER, Z., NESTEROVA, T., COBB, B., YOKOMORI, K., DILLON, N., ARAGON, L., FISHER, A. AND MERKENSCHLAGER, M. (2008) Cohesins functionally associate with CTCF on mammalian chromosome arms. Cell 132(3): 422-33. PARNAS, O., ZIPIN-ROITMAN, A., MAZOR, Y., LIEFSHITZ, B., BEN-AROYA, S. AND KUPIEC, M. (2009) The ELG1 clamp loader plays a role in sister chromatid cohesion. PLoS ONE 4(5): e5497. Epub. PARRIS, G. (2005) Clinically significant cancer evolves from transient mutated and/or aneuploid neoplasia by cell fusion to form unstable syncytia that give rise to ecologically viable parasite species. Med. Hypotheses 65(5): 846-50. PARVIN, J. (2009) The BRCA1-dependent ubiquitin ligase, gamma-tubulin and centrosomes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 50(8): 649-53. PATI, D., ZHANG, N. AND PLON, S. (2002) Linking sister chromatid cohesion and apoptosis: role of Rad21. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22(23): 8267-77. PAULI, A., ALTHOFF, F., OLIVEIRA, R., HEIDMANN, S., SCHULDINER, O., LEHNER, C., DICKSON, B. AND NASMYTH, K. (2008) Cell-type-specific TEV protease cleavage reveals cohesin function in Drosophila neurons. Dev. Cell 14: 239-251.. 335.

(27) PELLESTOR, F., ANDREO, B., ARNAL, F., HUMEAU, C. AND DEMAILLE, J. (2002) Mechanisms of non-disjunction in human female meiosis: the co-existance of two modes of malsegregation evidenced by the karyotyping of 1397 in-vitro unfertilized oocytes. Hum. Reprod. 17(8): 2134-2145. PENG, J. AND KARPEN, G. (2009) Heterochromatic genome stability requires regulators of histone H3K9 methylation. PLoS Genet. 5(3): e1000435. PENROSE, L. (1934) The relative aetiological importance of birth order and maternal age in mongolism. Proc. Royal Soc. London 115(795): 431-450. PERRONI, L., DAGNA BRICARELLI, F., GRASSO, M., PIERLUIGI, M., BALDI, M., PEDEMONTE, C. AND STRIGINI, P. (1990) Crossing over and chromosome 21 nondisjunction: a study of 60 families. Am. J. Med. Genet. Suppl. 7: 141-7. PESIN, J. AND ORR-WEAVER, T. (2007) Developmental role and regulation of cortex, a meiosis-specific anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome activator. PLoS. Genet. 3(1) e202. PETERS, J. (2002) The anaphase-promoting complex: proteolysis in mitosis and beyond. Mol. Cell 9: 931-43. PEZZI, N., PRIETO, I., KREMER, L., PEREZ JURADO, L., VALERO, C., DEL MAZO, J., MARTINEX-A, C. AND BARBERO, J. (2000) STAG3, a novel gene encoding a protein involved in meiotic chromosome pairing and location of STAG3related genes flanking the Williams-Beuren syndrome deletion. FASEB J. 14(3): 581-92. PICCOLI, G., TORRES-ROSELL, J. AND ARAGΌN, L. (2009) The unnamed complex: what do we know about Smc5-Smc6? Chromosome Research 17: 251263. PIDOUX, A. AND ALLSHIRE, R. (2004) Kinetochore and heterochromatin domains of the fission yeast centromere. Chromosome Res. 12(6): 521-34. PIDOUX, A., CHOI, E., ABBOTT, J., LIU, KAGANSKY, A., CASTILLO, A., HAMILTON, G., RICHARDSON, W., RAPPSILBER, J., HE, X. AND ALLSHIRE, R. (2009) Fission yeast Smc3: A CENP-A receptor required for integrity of subkinetochore chromatin. Mol. Cell. 33(3): 299-311. PIEL, M., NORDBERG, J., EUTENEUER, U. AND BORNENS, M. (2001) Centrosome-dependent exit of cytokinesis in animal cells. Science 291: 1550-1553. PIHAN, G., PUROHIT, A., WALLACE, J., KNECKT, H., WODA, B., QUESENBERRY, P. AND DOXSEY, S. (1998) Centrosome defects and genetic instability in malignant tumors. Cancer Res. 58(17): 3974-85.. 336.

(28) PODDAR, A., STUKENBERG, P. AND BURKE, D. (2005) Two complexes of spindle checkpoint proteins containing Cdc20 and Mad2 assemble during mitosis independently of the kinetochore in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eukaryot. Cell 4: 867-878. PRAJAPATI, S. AND GAYNOR, R. (2002) Regulation of Ikappa B kinase (IKK)gamma/NEMO by IKKbeta-mediated function. J. Biol. Chem. 277(27): 24331-9. PRESGRAVES, D., GERARD, P., CHERUKURI, A. AND LYTTLE, T. (2009) Large-scale selective sweep among Segregation Distorter chromosomes in African populations of Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Genet. 5(5): e1000463. PRIETO, I., SUJA, J., PEZZI, N., KREMER, L., MARTINEZ, A., RUFAS, J. AND BARBERO, J. (2001) Mammalian STAG3 is a cohesin specific to sister chromatid arms in meiosis I. Nature Cell Biol. 3: 761-766. PRIGENT, S. AND LEMOINE, N. (1992) The type 1 (EGFR-related) family of growth factor receptors and their ligands. Prog. Growth Factor Res. 4(1): 1-24. PUGACHEVA, E., ROEGIERS, F. AND GOLEMIS, E. (2006) Interdependence of cell attachment and cell cycle signaling. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 18(5): 501-515. QI, W. AND YU, H. (2006) The spindle checkpoint and chromosomal stability. Genome. Dyn. 1: 116-30. RABITSCH, K., GREGAN, J., SCHLEIFFER, A., JAVERZAT, J., EISENHABER, F. AND NASMYTH, K. (2004) Two fission yeast homologs of Drosophila MeiS332 are required for chromosome segregation during meiosis I and II. Curr. Biol. 14(4): 287-301. RAJAGOPALAN, H. AND LENGAUER, C. (2004) Aneuploidy and cancer. Nature 432: 338-341. RANKIN, S., AYAD, N. AND KIRSCHNER, W. (2005) Sororin, a substrate of the anaphase-promoting complex, is required for sister chromatid cohesion in vertebrates. Mol. Cell 18: 185-200. RAO, C., YAMADA, H., YAO, Y. AND DAI, W. (2009) Enhanced genomic instabilities caused by deregulated microtubule dynamics and chromosome segregation: a perspective from genetic studies in mice. Carcinogenesis 30(9): 1469-74. RAZIN, A. AND CEDAR, H. (1991) DNA methylation and gene expression. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 55(3): 451-458. READY, D., HANSON, T. AND BENZER, S. (1976) Development of the Drosophila retina, a neurocrystalline lattice. Developmental Biology 53(2): 217-240.. 337.

(29) RECIO, R., ROBBINS, W., BORJA-ABURTO, V., MORAN-MARTINEZ, J., FROINES, J., HERNANDEZ, R. AND CEBRIAN, M. (2001) Organophosphorous pesticide exposure increases the frequency of sperm sex null aneuploidy. Environ. Health Perspect. 109(12): 1237-40. REGAN, C. AND FULLER, M. (1990) Interacting genes that affect microtubule function in Drosophila melanogaster: two classes of mutation revert the failure to complement between haync2 and mutations in tubulin genes. Genetics 125: 77-90. RESNICK, T., SATINOVER, D., MACISAAC, F., STUKENBERG, P., EARNSHAW, W., ORR-WEAVER, T. AND CARMENA, M. (2006) INCENP and Aurora B promote meiotic sister chromatid cohesion through localisation of the Shugoshin MEI-S332 in Drosophila. Dev. Cell 11: 57-68. REVENKOVA, E., EIJPE, M., HEYTING, C., HODGES, C., HUNT, P., LIEBE, B., SCHERTHAN, H. AND JESSBERGER, R. (2004) Cohesin SMC1β is required for meiotic chromosome dynamics, sister chromatid cohesion and DNA recombination. Nature Cell Biol. 6(6): 555-62. REVENKOVA, E., FOCARELLI, M., SUSANI, L., PAULIS, M., BASSI, M., MANNINI, L., FRATTINI, A., DELIA, D., KRANTZ, I., VEZZONI, P., JESSBERGER, R. AND MUSIO, A. (2008) Cornelia de Lange syndrome mutations in SMC1A or SMC3 affect binding to DNA. Hum. Mol. Genet. 18: 418-427. RIEDEL, C., KATIS, V., KATOU, Y., MORI, S., ITOH, T., HELMHART, W., GALOVA, M., PETRONCZKI, M., GREGAN, J., CETIN, B., MUDRAK, I., OGRIS, E., MECHTLER, K., PELLETIER, L., BUCHHOLZ, F., SHIRAHIGE, K. AND NASMYTH, K. (2006) Protein phosphatase 2A protects centromeric sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis I. Nature 441: 53-61. RIEDEL, C., KATIS, V., KATOU, Y, MORI, S., ITOH, T., HELMHART, W., GALOVA, M., PETRONCZKI, M., GREGAN, J., CETIN, B., MUDRAK, I., OGRIS, E., MECHTLER, K., PELLETIER, L., BUCHOLZ, F., SHIRAHIGE, K. AND NASMYTH, K. (2006) Protein phosphatase 2A protects centromeric sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis I. Nature 441(7089): 53-61. RIEDER, C., COLED, R., KHODJAKOV, A. AND SLUDER, G. (1995) The checkpoint delaying anaphase in response to chromosome monoorientation is mediated by an inhibitory signal produced by unattached kinetochores. J. Cell Biol. 130: 941-948. RIEDER, C., SHULTZ, A., COLE, R. AND SLUDER, G. (1994) Anaphase onset in vertebrate somatic cells is controlled by a checkpoint that monitors sister kinetochore attachment to the spindle. J. Cell Biol. 127: 1301-1310.. 338.

(30) ROBBINS, W. (2003) FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) to detect effects of smoking, caffeine, and alcohol on human sperm chromosomes. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 518: 59-72. ROBBINS, W., MEISTRICH, M., MOORE, D., HAGEMEISTER, F., WEIER, H., CASSEL, M., WILSON, G., ESKENAZI, B. AND WYROBEK, A. (1997a) Chemotherapy induces transient sex chromosomal and autosomal aneuploidy in human sperm. Nat. Genet. 16(1): 74-8. ROBBINS, W., VINE, M., TRUONG, K. AND EVERSON, R. (1997b) Use of fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) to assess effects of smoking, caffeine, and alcohol on aneuploidy load in sperm of healthy men. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 30(2): 175-83. ROBINSON, D., CAVET, G., WARRICK, H. AND SPUDICH, J. (2002) Quantitation of the distribution and flux of myosin-II during cytokinesis. BMC Cell Biol. 3: 4-16. ROBLES, P., ROIG, I., GARCIA, R., BRIENO, M., MARTIN, M., BARBERO, J., CABERO, L. AND GARCIA-CALDES, M. (2009) Analysis of recombination along chromosome 21 during human female pachytene stage. Reprod. Biomed. Online 8(6): 784-94. RODRIGUEZ, J., FRIGOLA, J., VENDRELL, E., RISQUES, R., FRAGA, M., MORALES, C., MORENO, V., ESTELLER, M., CAPELLA, G., RIBAS, M. AND PEINADO, M. (2006) Chromosomal instability correlates with genome-wide DNA demythylation in human colorectal cancers. Cancer Res. 66(17): 8462-9468. ROLLINS, R., KOROM, M., AULNER, M., MARTENS, A. AND DORSETT, D. (2004) Drosophila nipped-B protein supports sister chromatid cohesion and opposes the stromalin/Scc3 cohesion factor to facilitate long-range activation of the cut gene. Mol. Cell Biol. 24(8): 3100-11. ROOS, W. AND KAINA, B. (2006) DNA damage-induced cell death by apoptosis. TRENDS in Mol. Med. 12(9): 440-450. ROSEMAN, R., JOHNSON, E., RODESCH, C., BJERKE, M., NAGOSHI, R. AND GEYER, P. (1995) A P element containing suppressor of hairy-wing binding regions has novel properties for mutagenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 141(3):1061-74. ROSENBUSCH, B. (2006) The contradictory information on the distribution of non-disjunction and pre-division in female gametes. Hum. Reprod. 21(11): 273942. ROWLAND, B., ROIG, M., NISHINO, T., KURZE, A., ULUOCAK, P., MISHRA, A., BECKOUET, F., UNDERWOOD, P., METSON, J., IMRE, R., MECHTLER,. 339.

(31) K., KATIS, V. AND NASMYTH, K. (2009) Building sister chromatid cohesion: smc3 acetylation counteracts an antiestablishment activity. Mol. Cell. 33(6): 763-74. RUBIO, E., REISS, D., WELSCH, P., DISTECHE, C., FILIPPOVA, G., BALIGA, N., AEBERSOLD, R., RANISH, J. AND KRUMM, A. (2008) CTCF physically links cohesin to chromatin. PNAS USA 105(24): 8309-14. RUCHAUD, S., CARMENA, M. AND EARNSHAW, W. (2007) Chromosomal passengers: conducting cell division. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 8: 798-812. RUSSO, A. AND PACCHIEROTTI, F. (1988) Meiotic arrest and aneuploidy induced by vinblastine in mouse oocytes. Mutat. Res. 202(1): 215-21. SAAVEDRA, H., FUKASAWA, K., CONN,C. AND STAMBROOK, P. (1999) MAPK mediates RAS-induced chromosome instability. J. Biol. Chem. 274(53): 38083-90. SACHS, E., JAHODA, G., LOS, F., PIJPERS, L. AND WLADIMIROFF, J. (2004) Trisomy 21 mosaicism in gonads with unexpectedly high recurrence risks. Am. J. Med. Genet. 37(S2): 186-188. SALMON, E., MCKEEL, M. AND HAYS, T. (1984) Rapid rate of tubulin dissociation from microtubules in the mitotic spindle in vivo measured by blocking polymerisation with colchicine. J. Cell Biol. 99(3): 1066-75. SALMON, E., CIMINI, D., CAMERON, L. AND DELUCA, J. (2005) Merotelic kinetochores in mammalian tissue cells. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 360(1455): 553-68. SATHYANARAYANAN, S., ZHENG, X., XIAO, R. AND SEHGAL, A. (2004) Posttranslational regulation of Drosophila PERIOD protein by protein phosphatase 2A. Cell 116(4): 603-15. SAWAMOTO, K., TAQUCHI, A., HIROTA, Y., YAMADA, C., JIN, M. AND OKANO, H. (1998) Argos induces programmed cell death in the developing Drosophila eye by inhibition of the Ras pathway. Cell Death Differ. 5(4): 262-70. SCHATTEN, H., CHAKRABARTI, A. AND HEDRICK, J. (1999) Centrosome and microtubule instability in aging Drosophila cells. J. Cell Biochem. 74(2): 229-41. SCHATTEN, H. AND SUN, Q. (2009) The functional significance of centrosomes in mammalian meiosis, fertilisation, development, nuclear transfer, and stem cell differentiation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 50(8): 620-36. SCHLEIFFER, A., KAITNA, S., MAURER-STROH, S., GLOTZER, M., NASMYTH, K. AND EISENHABER, F. (2003) Kleisins: a superfamily of bacterial and eukaryotic SMC protein partners. Mol Cell 11(3): 571-5. SCHMITZ, J., WATRIN, E., LENART, P., MECHTLER, K. AND PETERS, J. (2007) Sororin is required for stable binding of cohesin to chromatin and for sister chromatid cohesion in interphase. Curr. Biol. 17(7): 630-6.. 340.

(32) SCHOLEY, J., BRUST-MASCHER, I. AND MOGILNER, A. (2003) Cell division. Nature 422: 746-752. SCHULDINER, O., BERDNIK, D., LEVY, J., WU, J., LUGINBUHL, D., GONTANG, A. AND LUO, L. (2008) piggyBac-based mosaic screen identifies a postmitotic function for cohesin in regulating developmental axon pruning. Dev. Cell 14: 227-238. SEITAN, V., BANKS, P., LAVAL, S., MAJID, N., DORSETT, D. RANA, A., SMITH, J., BATEMAN, A., KRPIC, S., HOSTERT, A., ROLLINS, R., ERDJUMENT-BROMAGE, H., TEMPEST, P., BERNARD, C., HEKIMI, S., NEWBURY, S. AND STRACHAN, T. (2006) Metazoan Scc4 homologs link sister chromatid cohesion to cell and axon migration guidance. PLoS Biol. 4: E242. SEVERIN, D., LEONG, T., CASSIDY, B., ELSALEH, H., PETERS, L., VENTER, D., SOUTHEY, M. AND MCKAY, M. (2001) Novel DNA sequence variants in the hHR21 DNA repair gene in radiosensitive cancer patients. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 50(5): 1323-31. SHANKAR, R., KATARIA, B. AND MUKERJI, M. (2009) Finding Alu in primate genomes with AF-1. Bioinformation 3(7): 287-288. SHANNON, K., CANMAN, J. AND SALMON, E. (2002) Mad2 and BubR1 function in a single checkpoint pathway that responds to a loss of tension. Mol. Biol. Cell 13: 3706-3719. SHAR, P., FASI, M. AND JESSBERGER, R. (2004) SMC1 coordinates DNA double-strand break repair pathways. Nucleic Acids Res. 32(13): 3921-9. SHERMAN, S., LAMB, N. AND FEINGOLD, E. (2006) Relationship of recombination patterns and maternal age among non-disjoined chromosomes 21. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34: 578-580. SHI, Q., KO, E., BARCLAY, L., HOANG, T., RADEMAKER, A. AND MARTIN, R. (2001) Cigarette smoking and aneuploidy in human sperm. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 59(4): 417-21. SHIMADA, M. AND KOMATSU, K. (2009) Emerging connection between centrosome and DNA repair machinery. J. Radiat. Res. 50: 295-301. SHIMADA, M., SAGAE, R., KOBAYASHI, J., HABU, T. AND KOMATSU, K. (2009) Inactivation of the Nijmegen breakage syndrome gene leads to excess centrosome duplication via the ATR/BRCA1 pathway. Cancer Res. 69(5):1768-75. SHIN, D. AND CHOI, T. (2004) Oocyte-based screening system for antimicrotubule agents. J. Reprod. Dev. 50(6): 647-52.. 341.

(33) SHINTOMI, K. AND HIRANO, T. (2007) How are cohesin rings opened and closed? Trends Biochem. Sci. 32(4): 154-7. SHOGREN-KNAAK, M., ISHII, H., SUN, J., PAZIN, M., DAVIE, J. AND PETERSON, C. (2006) Histone H4-K16 acetylation controls chromatin structure and protein interactions. Science 311(5762): 844-847. SIGRIST, S., JACOBS, H., STRATMANN, R. AND LEHNER, C. (1995) EMBO J. 14(19): 4827-38. SILVERMAN, N., ZHOU, R., STOVEN, S., PANDLEY, N., HULTMARK, D. AND MANIATIS, T. (2000) A Drosophila IκB kinase complex required for Relish cleavage and antibacterial immunity. Genes and Dev. 14: 2461-2471. SLOBODA, R., VAN BLARICOM, G., CREASEY, W., ROSENBAUM, J. AND MALAWISTA, S. (1982) Griseofulvin: association with tubulin and inhibition of in vitro microtubule assembly. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 105(3): 882-8. SKIBBENS, R. (2008) Cell biology of cancer: BRCA1 and sister chromatid pairing reactions? Cell Cycle 7(4): 449-52. SKIBBENS, R. (2005) Unzipped and loaded: the role of DNA helicases and RFC clamp-loading complexes in sister chromatid cohesion. J. Cell Biol. 169: 841-846. SKIBBENS, R., MARADEO, M. AND EASTMAN, L. (2007) Fork it over: the cohesion establishment factor Ctf7p and DNA replication. J. Cell Sci. 120(15): 2471-2477. SKIBBENS, R., CORSON, L., KOSHLAND, D. AND HIETER, P. (1999) Ctf7p is essential for sister chromatid cohesion and links mitotic chromosome structure to the DNA replication machinery. Genes Dev. 13(3): 307-19. SOMMA, M., CEPRANI, F., BUCCIARELLI, E., NAIM, V., DE ARCANGELIS, V., PIERGENTILI, R., PALENA, A., CIAPPONI, L., GIANSANTI, M., PELLACANI, C., PETRUCCI, R., CENCI, G., VERNI, F., FASULO, B., GOLDBERG, M., CUNTO, F. AND GATTI, M. (2008) Identification of Drosophila mitotic genes by combining co-expression analysis and RNA interference. PLoS Genetics 4(7): e1000126.. SONODA, E., MATSUSAKA, T., MORRISON, C., VAGNARELLI, P., HOSHI, O., USHIKI, T., NOJIMA, K., FUKAGAWA, T., WAIZENEGGER, I., PETERS, J., EARNSHAW, W. AND TAKEDA, S. (2001) Scc1/Rad21/Mcd1 is required for sister chromatid cohesion and kinetochore function in vertebrate cells. Dev. Cell. 1(6): 759-70.. 342.

(34) STEAD, K., AGUILAR, C., HARTMAN, T., DREXEL, M., MELUH, P. AND GUACCI, V. (2003) Pds5p regulates the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion and is sumoylated to promote the dissolution of cohesion. J. Cell Biol. 163(4): 729741. STEWART, G., HASSOLD, T., BERG, A., WATKINS, P., TANZI, R. AND KURNIT, D. (1988) Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome): studying nondisjunction and meiotic recombination by using cytogenetic and molecular polymorphisms that span chromosome 21. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 42(2): 227-236. STREULI, C. (2009) Integrins and cell-fate determination. J. Cell. Sci. 122(Pt 2): 171-7. STRUNNIKOV, A., LARIONOV, V. AND KOSHLAND, D. (1993) SMC1: an essential yeast gene encoding a putative head-rod-tail protein is required for nuclear division and defines a new ubiquitous protein family. J. Cell Biol. 123: 1635-1648. SU, T., SPRENGER, F., DIGREGORIO, P., CAMPBELL, S. AND O'FARRELL, P. (1998) Exit from mitosis in Drosophila syncytial embryos requires proteolysis and cyclin degradation, and is associated with localised dephosphorylation. Genes Dev. 12(10): 1495-503. SUDAKIN, V., CHAN, G. AND YEN, T. (2001) Checkpoint inhibition of the APC/C in HeLa cells is mediated by a complex of BUBR1, BUB3, CDC20, and MAD2. J. Cell. Biol. 154: 925-936. SUKHANOVA, M. AND DU, W. (2008) Control of cell cycle entry and exiting from the second mitotic wave in the Drosophila developing eye. BMC Dev. Biol. 8: 7. SUMARA, I., VORLAUFER, E., GIEFFERS, C., PETERS, B. AND PETERS, J. (2000) Characterisation of vertebrate cohesin complexes and their regulation in prophase. J. Cell Biol. 151: 749-762. SUMARA, I., VORLAUGER, E., STUKENBERG, P., KELM, O., REDEMANN, N., NIGG, E. AND PETERS, J. (2002) The dissociation of cohesin from chromosomes in prophase is regulated by Polo-like kinase. Mol. Cell. 9(3): 515-25. SUN, L AND CHEN, Z. (2004) The novel functions of ubiquitination in signaling. Curr. Opion. Cell. Biol. 16: 119-126. SUN, Q. AND SCHATTEN, H. (2007) Centrosome inheritance after fertilisation and nuclear transfer in mammals. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 591: 58-71. SUN, X., WAHLSTROM, J. AND KARPEN, G. (1997) Molecular structure of a functional Drosophila centromere. Cell 91(7): 1007-19.. 343.

(35) SUN, Q., WU, G., LAI, L., BONK, A., CABOT, R., PARK, K., DAY, B., PRATHER, R. AND SCHATTEN, H. (2002) Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, microtubule organisation, chromatin behaviour, and cell cycle progression by protein phosphatases during pig oocyte maturation and fertilisation in vitro. Biol. Reprod. 66: 580-588. SUNKEL, C. AND GLOVER, D. (1988) polo, a mitotic mutant of Drosophila displaying abnormal spindle poles. J. Cell Sci. 89(Pt 1): 25-38. SUSIARJO, M., HASSOLD, T., FREEMAN, E. AND HUNT, P. (2007) Bisphenol A exposure in utero disrupts early oogenesis in the mouse. PLoS Genet. 3(1): e5. SUTANI, T., KAWAGUCHI, T., KANNO, R., ITOH, T. AND SHIRAHIGE, K. (2009) Budding yeast Wpl1 (Rad61)-Pds5 complex counteracts sister chromatid cohesion-establishing reaction. Curr. Biol. 19(6): 492-7. SWANTON, C., NICKE, B., SCHUETT, M., EKLUND, A., NG, C., LI, Q., HARDCASTLE, T., LEE, A., ROY, R., EAST, P., KSCHISCHO, M., ENDESFELDER, D., WYLIE, P., KIM, S., CHEN, J-G., HOWELL, M., RIED, T., HABERMANN, J., AUER, G., BRENTON, J., SZALLASI, Z. AND DOWNWARD, J. (2009) Chromosomal instability determines taxane response. PNAS 106(21): 8671-8676. TAKADA, S., KELKAR, A. AND THEURKAUF, W. (2003) Drosophila checkpoint kinase 2 couples centrosome function and spindle assembly to genomic integrity. Cell 113(1): 87-99. TAKAGI, S., BENARD, C., PAK, J., LIVINGSTONE, D. AND HEKIMI, S. (1997) Cellular and axonal migrations are misguided along both body axes in the maternaleffect mau-2 mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans. Development 125: 5115-5126. TAKATA, H., MATSUNAGA, S., MORIMOTO, A., MA, N., KURIHARA, D., ONO-MANIWA, R., NAKAGAWA, M., AZUMA, T., UCHIYAMA, S. AND FUKUI, K. (2007) PHB2 protects sister-chromatid cohesion in mitosis. Curr. Biol. 17: 1356-1361. TANAKA, T., COSMA, M., WIRTH, K. AND NASMYTH, K. (1999) Identification of cohesin association sites at centromeres and along chromosome arms. Cell 98(6): 847-58. TANAKA, K., HAO, Z., KAI, M. AND OKAYAMA, H. (2001) Establishment and maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion in fission yeast by a unique mechanism. EMBO J. 20: 5779-5790. TANG, Z., SHU, H., QI, W., MAHMOOD, N., MUMBY, M. AND YU, H. (2006) PP2A is required for centromeric localisation of Sgo1 and proper chromosome segregation. Dev. Cell 10: 575-585.. 344.

(36) TANJI, T., HU, X., WEBER, A. AND TONY IP, Y. (2007) Toll and IMD pathways synergistically activate an innate immune response in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Cell. Biol. 27(12): 4578-4588. TAYLOR, S., HA, E. AND MCKEON, F. (1998) The human homologue of Bub3 is required for kinetochore localisation of Bub1 and a Mad3/Bub1-related protein kinase. J. Cell Biol. 142: 1-11. TERRIENTE-FELIX, A. AND DE CELIS, J. (2009) Osa, a subunit of the BAP chromatin-remodelling complex, participates in the regulation of gene expression in response to EGFR signalling in the Drosophila wing. Dev. Biol. 329: 350-361. THIBAULT, S., SINGER, M., MIYAZAKI, W., MILASH, B., DOMPE, N., SINGH, C., BUCHHOLZ, R., DEMSKY, M., FAWCETT, R., FRANCIS-LANG, H., RYNER, L., CHEUNG, L., CHONG, A., ERICKSON, C., FISHER, W., GREER, K., HARTOUNI, S., HOWIE, E., JAKKULA, L., JOO, D., KILLPACK, K., LAUFER, A., MAZZOTTA, J., SMITH, R., STEVENS, L., STUBER, C., TAN, L., VENTURA, R., WOO, A., ZAKRAJSEK, I., ZHAO, L., CHEN, F., SWIMMER, C., KOPCZYNSKI, C., DUYK, G., WINBERG, L., AND MARGOLIS, J. (2004) A complementary transposon tool kit for Drosophila melanogaster using P and piggyBac. Nature Genet. 36(3): 283-7. THOMAS, B. AND WASSARMAN, D. (1999) A fly's eye view of biology. TIG 15(5): 184-90. THOMPSON, S. AND COMPTON, D. (2008) Examining the link between chromosomal instability and aneuploidy in human cells. J. Cell Biol. 180: 665-672. TOMONAGA, T., NAGAO, K., KAWASAKI, Y., FURUYA, K., MURAKAMI, A., MORISHITA, J., YUASA, T., SUTANI, T., KEARSEY, S., UHLMANN, F., NASMYTH, K. AND YANAGID, M. (2000) Characterisation of fission yeast cohesin: essential anaphase proteolysis of Rad21 phosphorylated in the S phase. Genes Dev. 14(21): 2757-70. TONKIN, E., WANG, T., LISGO, S., BAMSHAD, M. AND STRACHAN, T. (2004) NIPBL, encoding a homolog of fungal Scc2-type sister chromatid cohesion proteins and fly Nipped-B, is mutated in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Nat Genet 36(6): 636-41. TORRES, E., SOKOLSKY, T., TUCKER, C., CHAN, L., BOSELLI, M., DUNHAM, M. AND AMON, A. (2007) Effects of aneuploidy on cellular physiology and cell division in haploid yeast. Science 317(5840): 916-24. TORRES-ROSELL, J., MACHÍN, F., FARMER, S., JARMUZ, A., EYDMANN, T., DALGAARD, J. AND ARAGΌN, L. (2005) SMC5 and SMC6 genes are required for the segregation of repetitive chromosome regions. Nat Cell Biol 7(4): 412-9.. 345.

No results found