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AÞJÈHVJ+A<D=A+FpZVHF~JGHÕF(C4AEJGF(H±PXZR#TXJGLMT«LA(HSK

K,e>EK`HX]K`]0A ÿ HXKK`]VK`]ÇP ÿ JGHXLK'#K"LA(HVHVFA<HEJ¨L,J+XAEK"A(DÈDSCEKrZVJÈCKÞK`H ÿ F±A(DÈDbL,F]K ÿ A(HX]

TVF ÿ ÿ ÕCEFTVKBSK(JGHVHVJGH&D<GTVK ÿ F"$#A(CEKYET\AUT\A<HX]DGK ÿ ETVJÿ LF]KB6Z ÿ ~F±L,FpZVC ÿ KOSK

(KHXKCMA<DbJÈHFpC]K`CYEFTXA(HX]DGKLÕZ&EZVCK]K ÿ L,CJ+EJGF(H_K,e>EK`H ÿ JÈFpH ÿ <

X½KZ ÿ HVF# K,eVA+JGHVKTVK)ÞJGHVJ!A(DØL,FpHEKH ÿ F=A z F ÿ Lx"K ÿ LCEJ+F(C<,GTVJÿ #F(ZVD¨]

JÈHXLDÈZ\]KETVKÕFpDÈDGF#JGH&,K

<OGTVK)xRLvHXAÞKmFdETXKmTVF

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(4)

@&<OGTVKÕZVDGD0XAETF(ETVKmKeWKQL,ZMAVDGKmF(H ETXKmTVF ÿ A<

^ <OGTVK#F(C4rJGH&+F(C ÿ L,CMALMT]JGCEKQL1F(CcF(H ETVKmTVF ÿ<

p <OGTVKÕZVDGD0XAETEF;ETXK)pZXKZVK ÿZ&&ÞJÿEÿJÈFpHKeK`L,Z&AXDÈK<

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pA(JÈH±PA(H KeVAVDGKF'ETXJ

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L`A<HeSK

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A

L,F(H>=pKHEJGF(HETXAOETVK

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L,CJ!&EF(CJ

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ETXKmCEFWFFdETXKECKK(P\A<HX]ETVKmTXF

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(KHXKCJGL ÿ K`C:=WJ¨L,K ÿ <.GTVK ÿ KA(CEKJ!VDGKÞKHK`] Z ÿJGH&TSìKAXdDÈF# rb¢ AE=OAÒA(HX] RO[R\B] þ

XA ÿ K`]*ÞJ¨]V]DGK#A<CK s < z F#K=pKCQPETXK ÿ KC4=rJ¨L,K ÿ TVK ÿ KD+=(K ÿÿ TXF(ZVD¨]NSK6JGHX]KSKH\]KHÒF

ETVK_J!VDGKÞK`HMAJÈFpH0<aGTrZ

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A(DÈDL,F;XZAEJGF(HXA(D`SF(C:A(D

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K ETXK

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L,CJ!&EJGF(H£ÕFpCjA/XA<C:EJ¨L,ZVD¨A<C

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? <J_HÕF(C4AJÈFpH ÿ K`C:=WJ¨L,K ÿ ÕFpCApLL,K ÿEÿ JGH&]K ÿ LCEJ+JÈFpH ÿ F~AE=OA<JGDGAVDÈKTVF ÿmL,FVZ&EKC ÿ P

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p <O\KÞFEKHXDGKA(L`L,K ÿÿ A<HX] A<HVJ+VZVD¨AJÈFpH0ª

t <BvWK ÿÿ JÈFpH_A(CLMTVJ+=WJÈH,+A(HX]0KQ]J!EJGH&,<

GTVK ÿ K ÿ K`C:=WJ¨L,K ÿ LF(H ÿ EJ!EZKN#TXA5#KEKC4ùA ÿ c ÿK«SF(C:A(DbK;J!jJÿ HVFEJGK`]F

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§A ÿ TVJÈFpH¤TXAJÿ A&VDGJGL`AEJGF(HéHVKZCA(Db< þ &VDGJGL`AEJGF(H ÿ ÕCF ÿ SK`L,J!H\L L,F;XZAEJGF(HXA(D

A<CK`A ÿÿ ZXLMT0A ÿ LMTVKAÞJÿ ECcF(C ÿ CEZ\L1EZXCA(DDÞK`LMT\A<HVJ¨L ÿ LA(HSKAp]V]KQ]5EF;TVKLSF(C:A(DbJÈH_A

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rÕF(C]Jÿ VD¨Afc s L,F8VJGHVK`]3#J!ET ÿ \KQL,J¨A<DGDÈcT#CEJ!9KH ¢ AE=OA_LFSF(HVK`H ÿ A<JGHA<JGHVKQ]TWc

(5)

ETVK ÿ KC4=(K`CA<GTVK ÿKLFSF(HVK`H ÿ LA(HTXA<HX]VDÈK ÿ\KQL,J!H\L ÿ KC4=(K`C9ÿJ¨]KLA ÿ ÿ VZLA<HA(Dÿ F

A(L1mA ÿ VCFfeJÈK ÿ ÕFpCÒF(ZVCm]Jÿ CEJ+VZK`]ìFyKQL1 ÿ F"$#A<CK(PSìKAXdDÈF#<ZS KXdDGF# L,F\F

HVKH ÿ LA(HN\K+]Jÿ CEJ+VZK`]BA+FpH& ÿ ]JÈabKCKH`P(K`F(CMAXTVJGL`A<DGDÈc]Jÿ ECJ+VZEKQ]BL,FVZ9

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FpZVCLK

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PfJÈHXLDÈZ\]JÈH,

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IR CEK

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FpZVCML,K

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A<HX];XALMT=WJ

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FpZVCLK

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<GTXK

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K2XApLMKHX] CEK

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FpZVCLK

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A<CK6CK`A(LMTXK`]N=WJ¨AjCKÞFK

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TVKDGDFSKCMAJÈFpH

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A<CKJÈHETVK8VCFWLK ÿÿ

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dVF(C1A;ÞF(CKmL,F;XCEK`TVKH

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K`C:=WJ¨L,K ÿÿ

c

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GTVKCKjA<CK ÿ FÞKDÈJ+ÞJMAEJGF(H ÿ EFETVK5CAp]J!EJGF(HXA(D6\FpC9MA<DA&VCFpApLMT0<½I=CJ+ÞA(CEJGDGc(PÇJ!6Jÿ

(6)

+J¨]V]DGK`EJGKC ÿF"$#A(CEK~J!VDGKÞKHMAEJGF(Hd<EGTWZ ÿ A ÿ ]K ÿ J+(HVKQ]mHVF#mPÞF ÿQSF(C:A(DVCFyKQL1 ÿ

A<CKmHVF1JGHEKCFSKCMAXDÈKA ÿ ETVK`c_A(CEKRJÈKQ]*EFTVKJGC'XA(C9JGLZVD¨A<CJ+;XDÈKA+K`HAJÈFpHF.ETXK

L,F(HCEFpDUD¨Afc(K`CA<ØY=KJGHKCFSKCMAVJGDGJyc«Jÿ ]VK ÿ JÈCMAVDGKSFTeÕCF¾TVK*\FpJÈHFL=rJGK# F

(FWF] ÿ F"$#A<CK~]K ÿ J+(HA(HX]TVKCEKQA<DGJJÈK ÿ F\]KAVDÈFOc>ÞKH<f@ A<HWcm]J{abKCKH.(CF(Z& ÿ TXAE=pK ZVHX]K`C9MA(K`H¤SF(C:A<DVCFyKQL1 ÿ <JP6=pKH¤#J!ETVJGH¿ETVK3x[Rx8y ÿ @F]KCHVJ+qÀJÈFpHéI=CFpCA ETVK`CEKmTXAE=pK\K`KH ÿ KA=(K`CA(D ÿ ZXLMTVCFyKQL1 ÿ <,PUA(LMT\FpC9MA<DZEK`HX] ÿ FjLA(C:=pKFpZ"A;HXK§]F ÕF(C"J! ÿ KD!=A<HX]BHVF(HVK6F.ETVK ÿ K2\FpC9MA<D ÿ1ÿ TXF(ZVD¨]K,eSK`L1LEF-SK`LFÞKTVK ÿ JÈH,(DGK ÿ FpDÈZ&EJGF(H ÕF(CBTVK6K`HEJGCEK)XCEF(CMA*<&_H ÿ EKQA(]ÇP\JJ ÿ JÈH*TVKJGCJÈHEK`CEK ÿ 'EF#F(C4-FpKETXKC"JGHF(CM]K`C EFMA(KA(]=OA<HMA(KFbKQA(LMT5VCFyKQL1y ÿ \A<C:EJ¨L,ZVDÄ<C ÿ ECKH,ET ÿ A<HX]AE=pF(J¨]Þ]Z&VDGJGLÀJÈFpHF K,abF(C:A< G±F ÿ KKTVF#ETXJ ÿ J ÿ A(HA(]=OA<HMA(KpP<L,FpH ÿ J¨]K`C.ETVK"]VJÀjL,ZXDJÈK ÿ'r K`LMTVHXJGLÀ<D\A(HX];\FpDÈJ!9

JGL`A<Ds Fd(K9EJGH&ÞA2SF(C:A(D\JGH ÿ A(DÈDGK`]AA2XA(C9JGLZVD¨A<C ÿ J!EK<,vF"$#A<CKB6Z ÿ O\KJGH ÿMA<DGDÈKQ]

A<HX]TEK ÿ K`]ÇPA<HX]/XA(C9JGLZVD¨A<CÕK`AEZVCK ÿ6ÿ ZXLMTÖA ÿÿKQL,ZVCJ!yc6Z ÿ ÿ FÞKJ!ÞK ÿ \K]K=pKD!

FSK`]NÕCF ÿ L,CMAMLMT A<H\] A,VCEF=pK`]*Wc*ETXKÞA&VCFVCJ¨AEK2ÞA(HXApKÞKHR(CF(Z& ÿ <ZGTVJÿ

Jÿ AEJ++KÞL,FpH ÿ Z&ÞJÈH&VCFL,K ÿÿ TXAL`A<HSK`LFÞK+A ÿJ!pHVJHSLA<HR\FpC9JÈFpH F%ETVK8EFA<D

EJ++K ÿ \K`H+F(H7TVKVCEFyK`LA<(]ZÞCK`LA(DÈD%ETXA2TVK pKHVK`CA(D6SF(C:A<D ÿ KC4=rJ¨L,K ÿ6ÿ ZXLMTÜA ÿ

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F(HXLK+FpHVK\FpC9MA<DTXA ÿmÿZXL`L,K ÿEÿÕZVDGDÈcSKK`HÖ]KVDGFOc(KQ] AmApJ!=pKH ÿ J!EK(P±JmJÿ CEKQ]ZVHX]VA(H

ÕF(C~FETVK`C%SF(C:A(Dÿ F6]FTVK ÿ AÞK1J!ZETVK`cLA<HJGH ÿ EKQA(]ApK1Z ÿ K1FZETXK ÿ K`L,ZXCEJ!ycA(HX]

yF ÿ Z&&ÞJ ÿEÿ JGF(H LÀXAVJÈDGJ!EJGK ÿ F6TVK8SF(C:A(DA(DÈCKÀp]cJÈHTVDÄ(L,K<GTXJ ÿ LA(HSK2TVF(Z&pT F;A ÿ A ÿ J!EK ÿ SK`L,J!H\LR(CJ¨]LFVZJÈH&#K ÿ KC4=rJ¨L,K< þ"ÿ A ÿ K`LF(HX] K,eVA;XDÈKpP±L,FpH ÿ J¨]K`CETVKVCEFVDGKÁ§ApL,KQ]TWcT\FpC9MA<D ÿ F ÿ Z,&\FpC9JÈH, 6ZVD!EJ+VDGK2rZVKZVJGH& ÿ c ÿ K ÿ F(H z IR ÿ <\^ÒAK#Afc0A<HX]FETVK`CBSF(C:A<D ÿ TXAE=pKÒ]VK=(K`DÈF\KQ] ÿ FpDÈZJÈFpH ÿ ÕF(CETVJ ÿ <O_C_J ÿ #A ÿ K`] KaSFpC9ÕF(C_FTVKC*VCFyKQL1 ÿ

F CKSK`A TVJ

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A(LLK ÿÿ ETVK#K ÿ KC4=WJGLK(PZVCF=WJG]K+J!#J!ETTETXK+HXK`L,K ÿEÿ A<CcJGHÕF(C4AEJGF(H±PbA(HX]BCKCEJGK=pK

ETVK-pKHVK`CAEKQ] ÿ L,CJ+)ÕF(C6Jÿ F#H«Z ÿ K<QGTVJÿ Jÿ A<HÖKeAVDÈKF1A*ÕZVHXLEJGF(Hÿ SK`LJHSL

(CJG]_L,F;XZEJGH&#UKA ÿK`C:=WJ¨L,K<

Â g+ëØç ñåXö÷ ñô åXæö øä½úûä½åã1æEýbä¿në=åðñ;ó;ÃõåXý,hæðä±ýSðVï1åVä

^J!=pKH5TVKLSFKHEJ¨A<DbA(]&=fA(HApK ÿ F½JGHKCFSKCMAVJGDGJycpPETXKLVCFSKCA<CMLMTVJ!EKQL1EZXCEKBZ ÿ

HVF#SKj]KKC4+JGHVKQ]<½dVFpCETVJÿ #UKL`A<HTApKFpZVCmL,ZVK;ÕCFÄTVK]K ÿ J+(H/(FpA(Dÿ F%ETXK

ZVHX]K`CEDGcWJÈH&õ^CEJ¨] ÿF"$#A<CK ! K6SF(C:A(DLpCEFpZ& ÿ HVKKQ]cEF ApCEK`KNEFõL,F;ZVHVJ¨LAEJGF(H

VCEFEFL,FpD ÿ <&[HXL,KLETVJ ÿ J ÿ ]VF(HVKpPTVKcj]VF(H0yHVKKQ]5EFApKBÕZVC:ETXKCApCEK`KÞKH ÿ ASF(Z& L,F(HCEFpDLFW]VK þ I6_ ÿ A<HX] ÿ K`C:=WJ¨L,K J!VDGKÞKHMAEJGF(H ÿÿ

F DGF(H, A

ÿ TVKTXCEFEFL,FpD ÿ A<CK ÿ Z&,\FpC9K`]<0GTVK5#K ÿ KC4=rJ¨L,K ÿ ÞF]K`D E? P @ TXA ÿ ETVK5XApLMWJÈH&_FL,F;\A<HVJGK ÿÒÿ ZXLMT A ÿ _$]@ !^ A(HX] @J¨L,CF ÿ F" EpE A ÿ ETXK ÿ A<H\]VA<CM]UÞFW]VKDLÕF(CVZ ÿ JÈHVK ÿEÿ FEFCVZ ÿ JGHVK ÿÿ L,FÞKCML,K<DX±KZ ÿ HVF# L,FpH ÿ JG]K`CBTVKA ÿ SK`L ÿ FaETVJ ÿ +F]K`D0ÕFpCTVJ+(TNSKC:ÕF(C4A<HXLK L,FVZ&EJGH&,<

bAE¼Q©(A>¹TÅ5¼ZÆ>B0¹(> GTVK`\FpJÈHF&=WJGK#/ETXAQ#KaMA(KUJÿ ET\AA(DÈDXApLMK`HX]

(7)

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