The evolution of Hobart: A study in historical geography with special reference to urban fabric and function, circa 1804 1963

!HE EVOLUTION OF HOBffi�T

A _{Study in Historical Geography} with _{Special Reference} to Urban Fabric and Function,

Volume 1

Tnesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of P��losophy in the

University of

ii

This thesis is in historical geography. centre of

is expose� define and

influence differentiation

in a growing

studies of the city in than of the

theorising

posed differences.

a close and detailed study" it

is hoped. to part at least, the

in the urban

the geographical literature the two have

� given the body of

1800 D. and

The seemingly simple (but often

not fulfill Happily,

1 o. Handlin & J. Burch&rd Harvardn 1963, p. 26

2 'W'oS. Allen;

a study in town plan

)facts of the physical

and

visits to many of the

to Athens and

centres Cairo and

to some l<H.ddle

and more

iii

-in

and some of the m::lnor urban

to Granada.

to a

was extended

of

route

and South Asian centres but more

was the

of numerous American

cities such as

John so

in and Reedfs

¥~ntion of U?•nun structure raises other issues than the

extension.,

in to

to trace the

or even to reconstruct an

colonial Hobart

and

the

and some contact with the

use,

F~man Wall exposea

narrow sea

or the 18th

New Orleans i Vieux

state of urban

as

urban

as well a.s the as

couchant,

of

and the business core.

his ~~~-~~~~~~~~~====~-=:~~--~ s ~~~,~~~~~-~~~~~.£~~~~1: dates

the Business Distri.et

and Vance's ; to such extent

~ iv

It is not the aim

the central and innar suburban

area Hobart receives most attention it is

of up to

of form~ and tha

act was taken up ago it was the

writer i a intention to find out there was to

the about the Hobart

It hare was a centra sufficient

scale indeed contribute to

is

still the case, but as Tiebout warned nThe to

study about a This turns out to be

some needed.

cross-currants of

with the

the desire omniscience has the

certain

The of each of these sections of

been

averages after

1000 hourst h:istorical

not been for the

most cannot be

be construction of a

or reconstruction

Area

but

The urban economic base

~~~£S~ 32$ 1956, p 99

on

is the in to

i t be

at

Hobart could be constructed

the the

The former have been

the been

need or

in

the

the

Dr. C~ The

not source

so the use

to the

to record view as well as

to

first for

as the writer was

a substitute

The valuation lists and rolls Hobart

is, is

the assessments

and processes. The

be the

witt. his

to the

no other has been

the

of urban structure,. 'l'he

varies

the area are

area east of the

In the of

to are

or the

source it denoted in the text

4 P. Scott:

v i i

-bracketed number appearing after the saa at the end of the chapter,

in full title~ Other references which bear directl~ or indir~ctly

upon the author r s the written text are found in the

bibliography at the rear. Abbreviations are not widely

Business Di.strict~ use in full should

obviate any problem The quality of the electric

typewriter cannot be gainsaid, but its lack of the £ sign gives

rise to the ~ used unit of

Wl~ile the concept and the substance of this thesis are my o~4

be completed without the of others. The late Peter

of the Lands and Surveys have given most willing

o·f the Hobart Marine Board and Mr. T. Errey

formerly of that office are access

to source Miss E.

of the Tasmanian Museum were helpful with collections$ and

Dr.

c.

The mileage involved in

company and of l<!r. D. Mr. P. Hanson

particularly Mr. G. van de Geer in the

preparation of maps, the considerable maps and

photographs fell to the lot of the of Tasmania

Photographic Section Y.r. A. The electoral correlations

could not have been produced without the

run by ~ir. N.K. Chick~ and to ¥4.ss R.S.J. Farmer I owe thanks for

For sustained the call of I most

sincerely to thank Mrs$ Hilla and :fA..rs. Gillean Lord. To ?11!f

wife I new to be ~re generally accessible.

CONTENTS

Preface

List of Tables

List of Illustrations

Introduction; Historical and the Study

Chapter 1

3

4

5

Chapter 6

7

8

ter 10

11 12 13 Chapter 15 16 17 Conclusion; Bibliograptty

of Hobart

PART 1

The Urban Landscape

Functional Distribution and Structure

The Port and External Relations

Population~ Society and the Urban

PART 2

The Fouttdsti.on of Settlement

Port Development and Trade

Society and Administration

PART

Tow-nscape Analysis &~d the City Iw~ge

Pi.me tional Zones an.d

Property

Population~ and Political Affiliation

PART 4

Extension

Inner Area Change

Port Structure, Patterns and

External Security

Tb.e Shift of Inner Values

Twentieth and Politics

Hobart and Urban Evolution

'fextual ..

F

H

I

B

8.F

from Hobart

Hobart and

trade eommodities for V.D.L.

at

COlnJ>CISi:t:lc~n of V. D. L.

Value of

at Inhabitants in

at Hobart

at

at Hobart

musters at Hobart T~wn

Hobart settlers

V.D.L.

99

210

220

- X

-1830

9 .. J of the

Robart

at Hobart

ll.F

of inner

12.C

12.D

Structure of Robart Taamania

c

students

13.1

.G Stata

o:f inner

c

of inner Hobart value

232

298

390

· xi

-in transitional blocks 4Z8

arrivals Launeeston

B

c

.D arrivals

E

F at ll.ia.in berths

.G at

Port of at

of inward cargoes

0K Structure

L Structure of

.B

.c

17.D

State and

.B

D

1.1 L3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.10

Hobart

-Sprentws plan Hobart in the ~G·~·J·~

Characteristic Georgian outlines

cottage£ Burnett Street

Colonial house,

of

and elevation o:f small cottage

~ro perspectives of ~~~.~

l. Plan and elevation of representative house

1 .. 12

1.13

1.

1.16

Attic secti.on of house

Street

Street

facade

1.17 Warehouses,

1.18 Warehouses~ Circular 19 Ordnance Stores, New

20 Custom) House

1.21 Subalterns 1 _{Quarters, militacy}

Canteen, military barracks

Battery Point

North Hobart with Trinity Church

Street

1.22

1. 1.24

1. Street

Hobart Town from New

Port and environs 1842

Batter)' Point with Stores 1

1.27

1.28

1.29 Hobart Town Knocklofty

1.30 Street 1850

1.31 l1acquarie Street 1647

data

2.2 block

Distribution of total property valuation 1847 by block

1

3.3

3.4

Index to numbers

shop and in 1847

Distribution of functional units 19 inner blocks

Gael, corner

Soap :factory snd reilotuse:s. Old Wharf in

Streets

Percentage of major functions 1847

2 Port structure in

6 Bowen

3 Risdon Cove and

6 2

7.3

7.4

7 6 Government Rouse

1.1

1 8 Harbour

9

7.11 Street

at Sullivan Cove

To~-n

the Cove

of Hobart

7 7 7 Vielv View View Street Street

across Nor~~ Hobart

7

1.

7

Street

Point and Cove

Knr'fr£>1"">!1 Point

Point 1827

8~1

8.2 8.3 8~4

settlement

COV'e and from

Sullivan Cove town

Coustruction 7

5 Port

8.6 Port

8 Robart

Port northeast c.

The near

134

.7

.2

10.3 10.4

10.

.s

10~

10

10.

10.15

10.

10.

10. 10.

10 •

10~

.29

rlv:

-Z24

Street

250

Late nineteenth

.255

modi.fiea house

Ordnenee Stores with

Preservation .260

.268

Period

Southern

Central St~ Pier

10 .. 37 10~38 10.39 10.40 .41 1Ce42 10. 10.45 11.1 2 1L3 11.4

Sandy Mt. from Battery Point

City ima.ge

River

Battery Point

Constricted ccw.~se the Robart P~wlet

Reconstruction of Street bridge

Extent of bushfires iu the urban area E'ebruary

Fire in !-lest Hobart

Burnt-out houses~

Distribution of functional units 1954 in 19 :inner hlocks

Nain block

Percentage distribution of functions 1954

of and city centre

5 ~~cquarie Street office axis

ll.6

1L7 Fruit

11.9 Electrolytic Zinc

lL 278 278 256 286 287 289 291 296 301 lLll 11.12

Larger manufacturers in Tasmania 320

11.13 llol6 11.17 12.1 12.2 12.3 4

Che,Jlges in 1955/56-1962/63

Distribution ~f magn.itude

htte!'.sity

Residential distribution of a work force

inner area valuation

1954 by block

Block average valuations 1954

Decile rank of average for sub-blocks

Distribution of

• 5 Residau.tial valuations in City of Hobart 19.54

12.6

13.1

14.1

14.2

14.3

Predominant building tiohart

of me tropo1i tan

Political affiliation in Tas~ania

Progressive of Hobart 1805-1960

Risdon

:Sridges across tl1e Den:ent 1963

5 6 7 14.8 14.9 14. 1

.2

Reserve allotments

West from

South Hob art

Urbanised

Corner Elizabeth

in

in

in

Park Street

Street toward tha southwest

Inner ci

Gore Street

Street

387

396

1.5~22

15.23

.24

15.25

16 • .3

16.4

16 .. 5

16.10 16.11 .12 .15 16.16 .17 16.18 16.19 17.1 17.2

17.3

Exi:dbit.ion ₅

Streets Demolition

Hospital stone building~

Street

Hobart Street

Hobart Gaol rle~~lished

Port str~cture 1858

~l'ew Wharf with stored timber 1864

Port stnu:ture and

and town

Port and town irom 8bove 1879

Port structure 1904

Old area storage c.

1888

relllOVed fronl. Parlie.ment House 1901

FranirJ.in

Prince's Street 1908

Port structure and 1916

Port

Previo:t.ts of tlobaJ:t.

Port of of. Hobart arrlv.als 1827·-1961

of inward cargoes 182

Proposed batteries for Hobares defence 1868

Belle rive

in

in d~dle

Battery 1960

valuations

Rank ci:tartge of 12 ~f[alue blocl~

1847-1954

Value-function evolution model 1847 and 1954

Distribtttion of

Population growth cities 1901-1966

Population structure of Hobart

structure of Hobart

Political

Political affiliation 1910-1966, I'{e>f 'I'o'>m

1921-1954

sub-division of

of

Political affiliation 1910-1966, sub-division of South Hobart

or

in the chosen

none of the several

has

papers from L~·~Y.~u

in the .,-;rt~>cDcnr _East~

are among have

soope or structure in the

that

A. All these n~R~r~e

the E.<Ost

in

nature of as a

of

not concerned with whether the of

the of or upoo

events are

w:tth the

of the raconstruction of as a total

of the There is

of

of hist:orlcal

of historical

is

it may

For those trsining

for a

astudent trained as a

saturation progra~ i.n

with knowledge a very·

limited If this implies an acceptance

less than we must bear in !!lind that

addition or substitution of the

well as the spatial scale influences the and the of

To acquire a sufficiently

to

c.lurn.ging British

seem a much

Spate

1890s and 1930s:;

so that we

historical

order then

political

to econom:fc for

of local

of

that time would

with than 200

the depressions of

homogeneity~

of

not national) political

de-there are indications

that the growing amount research on acts

will produce scrutiny of the long since arrived at in so:me2

though not all$

- 3

that areal

whether or not our

be

i t

It

the

In so

theme or

"'1:til.e

in

a @;&p between the worth

of L'Oes the

i t is

static. The

that tll.ere is

~tters

the

need to

are

or

i t is

is

to

:tn that

urban

at the cost 1lf

all the

thus thii!.!

It that an.y

reconstruction

~trb anisat:ion as in

its

in

of

the area

constant and

w:tth

to

inter._

to

to

its

its

of

and th.e

If these

on

5-• proper

vast tract

other

when

the

Part 1

is t.1)e chief

A. Town~> on the river Derwent~

decade of the

uncertainties

the

the

and in both

than a hundred have failed to

s dets.iled survey of Hobart s

record

the structure of the

first

which was also a Census year.,

of the Van Land years

KNOCK-LOFTY

Govr~r:.nm;u;t Housr; 2 Custom House 3 CtJmtr/ssr;riat Stor~

4 Gee!

0 FEET

0

0

;:::

1

1841 consisted

and a few irregular

1.2). The whole contained almost 2400 separate

buildings. Their • •• ti _{.. r::tou oo, s own ::tn} h " _Jl.':tgure u• • _{.1 •} ~ _..;>~ d _{eserves coi'!l:l!lent.} l

It is evident that after the initial twin

attractions of the rtver harbour and the had not been superseded

other factors: lay around the

the Derwent

the adjacent nearest the harbour was occupied

series of public

The of inertia of course be strongly

or shift in the centre of gravity unless

the established area apparent

one such had been noted with any consistency

a:r<)W:d its mouth was poorly

in winter (2). This was to

be expected since the Hobart was joined the lesser Domain

Street) at

then turned

the of the Domain stream into b&"f to the tight the

(Rwter Street) causeway as in Figure 7 elO. Clearly$ the

was always a possibility at

the confl.uence point~ with the block between lower ColH.ns and

the for 2

There is little doubt that~ in the 1820s at least, the discharge

1 There are inaccuracies of block size and

peripheral areas of L3, from the

of 14 sections from re-dr~w-n reductions of

copies of the 74 sheets 'Wh1 .. ch Sprent 's survey. Sprent did not leave a record of the area seaward of the dotted

shu,."U, nor did he show the building,s; these

have been from other sources .

2 The of the Hobart P~vulet for was demonstrated as

••

FEET 1000

Fig. 1.3 Sprent's survey of Hobart Town 1841--. (Composite of Sprent's plan, Lands

&

the use for

the

~s survey the s inner blocks

in of

whose

at

It was not of

the needs

Stores

in front

construction of

to with the

area north of

o:r: Artlmr a Circus

Below

of

stood en the of

Streets. The

the centre of

at

of

at

circus Secheron House

sub-s Church

northwest: comer,

distance from

situation where at this

sites

access to the centre In situation of such

s what constitutes a 'view' is open to

and et: this to e~ne whether

at

or

had taken an or

the

between the twe main areas the

Domain the

1)

The of

since its reservation as Cra;,ro land

those who

were not

and

as far as the 400-foot contour above

Other eminences were

across the town centre

years

the

the same elevation

the

a

the first

sites

by

t:..'le houses extended

end to 330 feet

looked

from the

of

feat half a mile

hi 1'1 of

formed an exe·ellent. station slte~ but another

it carr~ i-r-.tto for

in art

the south the

So~ of

of the

less than

th$ ascent of in some

feet below the

Street between Streets.

before the streets were w~de

upon a very some of the

in

I'ne

of the

and size

the

constv.u::ted

so in

Most CO.i1'1ll12:t'cial

the

sequence of domestic

in

notes

a noe e front

was a

of 3 'l'he m:rre

iL!. the house

Thi.s basic

situations. On one side

settlement

but a link was the

those

relict

in the

deals

South

4 The house

i t to make

In the

conscious decoration

out a

P~--neuse

under mair1 roof slim ron

o:t Hobart! s

In

ected to

lines

builder 4

The <Yr""""IT'"""" versions of the

7 The

the

of

the

the

""'~"'""'"""", a

the

FRAMING

REAR PERSPECTIVES

FRONT ELEVATiONS

COLONIAL

CONTEMPORARY

or

FEET

FRONT

D

SIDE

to

over in the process~

thintt

its

was one of the

narrower

to

that their nu1ss

this

the

Hobart

PP•

the

the walls. Because of

at ends

the e.ure taken ~ras to

resist this thrust

to tie the

so

not

the

is

at the

The

this measured

two

the

It. not

8

to

a few of

the

in

rooms

War II0 Cw:r

"'""_""'... means

the

1.12 can be

)

s orders

40 X can be found that

were

houses with

of

kitchen at the rear~

of tile

the use

and a store in its

a

3

space.

the

:tn

PERSPECTiVE

KITCHEN

FEET

LIV!NGROOM

GROUND FLOOR FIRST FLOOR

were

families of six or seven

structures in

rents up

times those The house in

1.7

the of the

of about 10 room. two

1 on the

roof

but rear section.

the house

trlni!ldse the out~mrd thrust on the walls this was more

in skillion, The rear

in roof li:ue as sometimes

to the t"wc of

element the

that in the

seem to

associated in colonial Robart with

than with any

noted in that:

are even

...

,

rm~Js but in the

in

corner of

units were rated at

23

-These houses *ere Demolished 1965 for

Streets'¥'

A second

, not

is considered in a few eases

On this

or :more units have been identified,

the urban area but with concentration in the

east Street. of the

in L

have

that in thei. r else-where

structures no

1

as little

conversion co business use o't

1.16).

business

made no upon t:he

vertical scale

F~s .. 1 .. 15 Co','f~t~Jerc:.ial p~arui~es$ I.iverpce.!. S::rs.et. ~.27CL Not·n !\i;2::t.r.

y-:~i·.n:-.-r.-t!T!C i-1indoloo:!; of Hu::!"J~,. r s :;ho:·~·. :.:pper =~sf .. J.::ro.t.ial stt~:.ce.y ~:.;it';,. nt::~n~

fac;.;.de ~Tas:na·r.i.an 1~.JSCUt"l coJ >.!ctiou i.

·.·

-~

..

-

·

·--

·

---Ftg. 1. :.6 ;·~\~o-stc:~:ey shop-an.:-\e2i·.:1&n:·.~~ !"D\<7, ~iv.::::-~co::. S't:t:T:et.~ l~!·f.J~

:::ig. l .-17 Row of stone ~·~:·>:~cuses .. Sa.l.amanc.c:. i'J .. ace, 1963. Cant:n~l

tie·~s ~~f tirr.be:.: :i~·~>n;ays for goods s:.:.::css. B~':iJ.~ l ate 1830s with c.~~~rrict

leb,:'.l-r..

Fig .. :L iS

1'Jt'ldi.r..g bay·:·~

t,..:~rehouses 2~~.;·;: Ci1·cala.r Quay,

:!-~ in Hvbart ~<?a.:-~h~:·;.oses abov-e,

27

-and ~;till is

of

in.

tier

centre of the

s East

of the

of Hobart colonial the

row a

in stone since the Their

to be one

This was not carried out to the

after 1 Nearer the commercial

core~ at the of l~ew same architectis

more its

with their

Stores a year

other

, at tenti.on

house quite

on a wealth of

about

.. 28

-... ;. ..

···:-:..:. :·. ·. :.·. "!·

;;, .. _:.

f. ig. 1.19 O:::tJA"c::tce S tnr.~~, Nc.\1; !·7!-:a:·:~ > l.890. ·::~:.•.il t 183i.-38 ~::l .J:..:r; !A!i.! Arc1:.€r 1 _{a <ta.s1.g\~. Cent·t:::l. ::::G. term!~.a 1}

pe>li:!.n;:\s d~si~c.'2d to ~ :.:-.:ir! and. enz::.;:·a.•. thsse t'X"O btd.lci::..~,g~. •<!e?:e nm:: c:"!';,.stt"',..s,r..:teci.. ('rasr·t;,·,i~:r; Huge(.!x;;

t;olJ. ec ti.c-~·,::

1

Fig.. .!.~ ?arlia.r·l~~lt Hou2~ he:.i:v7een ·.::~·.c.r~;.y Str:c.:t ;.r~d 3o::~.r;.:;:;;:.r:ca PlF\~.:c. 1963. Bu1..1t: tc Le::. ~~~~!ter's !!;.:;;:;ig\\. ~$ i.'h:=: (!us!:oc !~(~'-~SG-:: 1833-!Rb}., ~-t::~·:ly

s~,;:.<C.ed o;vinC:(H .. \"::.

;;.~~ nol;et.-ro·.:·t~y.

st r.-crc.g ar~h21S an(: ·:."".10 ti c~tc:i 1r.asvnt:; ~:.f :.he :~r.:~:·;.:;·.:· .s t:crc~·

- 2~

-Fig. l. 21. Sube;.l~!,;~rns r Qua·:·t~l'S:, A!l~l.esea Be:r:.t·a·:=::.s ~ 1962. Eui:i't ·;:.:~

Lee Ar!'.;·herr s l.S28 design. (Roy Srrd.t·., photograph}

~~~··-·

·~

.

...

..

. ~ig~ 1,22 Barroc.·i-.5 ::::~-!"lteen, designed i":l Archer!s ;:~:~~inee:rls Gffice

l-1834, r..;i~~~ ~.xte:-nal x'e.sctrtbls!i.Ct:: to e l c.Y·gc Georgian ~Gt:tas.e, 'Used i:r.

30

14

this kind

of I t may

:tn

sites~ are stau.d above

to

Hobart the

1

noticeable in

The made its on more

to the

St.

Street St. s in Bathurst

continue to notshle to the appearance

were of

and rude

the

that new

be of stone or orick not a

of more than

of

were of brick or stone .. the census of of the

of

use. Scott this

of in

area in

outnumbered stone at all the

The somewhat

- 31

-~ ... ~ ....

·~

...

.

.

.

.

·.·•

fi.g. 1.23 Ba.t~eyy ;?c5.r:t l>,i.th the r.-Bcl !:lill ar .. d St. G~u:q>ie'$ Gh··.: ... -~h,

f'l:'Oi:l t.:h~U Nest t .~:~:?~S:§. .:S45~ 'Ihe Vi~W e::ttends to 1(f.ingnroo !:>:tuff S.C't'o::zs

the :).e.~~we11t .. es:t;.. .. ::r:y .. _The ~e7.t~·,s:l w£ the ~!1.1 i':::. 1885 left. St. t.~eorgc•s

·~o~er lf! so.:..t! dorr.;.;;;at'l.or.. o::. th:Ls tc'i:mt;c.:::!pe \Jn\.:5..1 tf:c~ e:recr.to;.·, of a

1:dgh-;~·i.se ':lon:e-unit b~.ock t'.t'j :?.e<.=.~1ar<.! i~ 1!i67.. (F!'O!l'i a i•Jat:;.r·coJ.:;u.r by

E'll~n Bt·::-t:~ss, in tb•.r: r.~~>llection of Dr.. C. Craig).

Fig.. :_. 2!!. Not't.l: :i;>b~rt \:t.'l~."nscape n:::rt~~ of \.Ja:o:':-::1 ;:,k Stre:::·.~ t.-t\~ci ·.rr:h~ .... t~:

Ch~~rch (J.af~), w.::.a-;~(~(~.rd tro:.;1 th~ ~)oF." .. 'lin.. !.'12-te ~.r:::~~1::.cr.:n; proba~ly le.te

::io:tete.ertth c2ntury ~

32

~25 Streets, 1963!>

Criminal Cou.:rt since 1860 ~

33

the

Size

the

nuch.

the of

use.

walls

area of demand even

or

:-'"

.

....

...

;::r:~t~:i~~ :':C'I t.h::- "·:.l;:~~f=or.t.i: (~~~tr~..: ·;~r:;. .. ;m. ~::·.<.:b ~,

P..1.~ . •.. ::; S~j .. ::~·f~;: .:,c.r·~ ~.r:-')·.~t..:•i',.:; :.;i::;:' :;64.2 ..

• : ··;:vo:n, <··t 0"'' T .... , ... ~Uir<" ~·.-~ ·,-:\2. ~:-::::-*:~·:~;· ~l:.or~ ~ ::·:~:~J~

... _=~.:.H

~;.•

,.

J..l.·~

·

·-

'

.

·.

~

.

·

!

.

~

·-~~i.'l:~

J

·:

~

·

.·:

~-=:::=:8:! s.t :i.g-?~ .• ~

,,

...

.

.

.

-

.

·

:-··~·:.

)'"1.!:.:: ;·:~ h~

-over more upon To and be

to an

upon his

upon the reu:eo

._ ... ..,.""- ,_ ... ~~~ (s) • Th:is amounts t:o a

the viewer in .L.WJtm:a.~..~.<~~>~•o; COJ!li:lfOiltBLti.on

at pa·vetoo:t:tt

to areas

land

or is he

view is

""~'"'"-"''.. and the areas; the nearer

at street

c101~D:Ulatltt or at

11D0re than an assessment

in the manner

that for the Hobart of

of the ... ... scene must be and are drawn upon to the reader s0100

in (20).

Of all the landmarks and

Hobart, the of

The \.v.&.vl.llv

space

1.

utions to

town its

more

of

water was

on its

streets

the zone

the

to the shore and there was

of the

is

two

the stood the twin

the red

the water and u.:a.&.!i.U'-:1' the west

the

~~~~;c Place warehouses

n:c.maw.c.e stores

uc•-.;..,w.~ New

the district.

near sea

the

.. ' -.'

,··· ···:_:.:· ..

\ ·. . ···:-.. ~~

.

~~f~:

<~

:

:

·

;.:· .

, '• ~

.

·~

·=~

-

~

~

~

:

..

~.·

~

....

...

r~

·

)

.

.

....

Fi6· 1 ... 28

we.nl of· the

cil"_t~ 18/;0.

Battery Point • .... :!.t.h mill~ b~hind tba G·::-dn.s:nc<2 St. ~~·::-es se~­

clf?:\tS~.oping New r,nt.st"f. St. George' B c::.urch not built~- t1;t!S

(Sks;.~h :!.::. ct.;llr.:ction ct i.ir.-. C. Craig)

'

Fig • .1.29 ·z:.cbart Tcr,:n zr~d its bt:sy hs.rb:>>Jr f:rom Kt!oc.klofty, 1840. '"~·"'· t' ·~ c~, .... fe..,..~, "t .... 1 • ., e'""t>· ... ····~··.::. o~t: 7··~~·::-,...u B-u (Je<'t !",1! ... "' .... ~T"''

!~,._,._e n ... r-·:1·~·. -'~ ".J c;;. ~...~1.,.. ·~l"' .... _, ... ._.---"'" .i. l\.~'.:':.-4... o.₇ . • ..._ ... .... r.; • • • ... ~ .. ,

Behind the line of public ringing the port the

core betw,.reen , Harrington end

a section of the total

from. the buildings, 1r,ainly

residence combinations, rather then from. and the

The centre~ in fact most of t.'"le town could be looked down upon from

the hilly of 1. 29). Not many

street views of the but Elizabeth Street~ the main

business

public buildings were are sh~~ in

1. ~ 1.31). Above below the section Street

illustrated in Figure 1.31 were two contrasting townscapes which cannot

be pictured here. Westward$. a number of very good :residences

what may be assumed to have seemed an almost genteel

street apart) s while to the east, in lower ,..,-<>'"-""'''"""'"'

a number of low

several hotels and

mouth of the

residences

constituted a distinctive

and had to he

Perhaps the s use as a

the sensitive artists to

with

the wharves and the

the rivulet i.fhich must have

feature of the

commanded little

of

refuse was too much for

stream or

:records of

Away the

and the

sc.utheaat to their sites. The prisoners' barracks in

Campbell Street at the northern corner of the

barrier to broken residential The

largely residential tract from west of the Barracks to west of

Trinity hill not be the

it

disseminated in the foothills o:f

became very

but in the Sandy Bay

F~ ... g. 1.30

3~:.d Ccll~ns

- 38 ..

Th~·. s~6.t..ra:td end cf .~li:c>.?.betb St-reet ~.850,.

s~·'tects. (T2~;';1ar:i.s~ Mo.secm colle::::ticJ::.)

~ .• 31 HQ.~quar-i~ Stree~ .. r~-ort:;l sid(~, w~stt.rat'd from the .C:uar~ Hvu.ae

of

rlver and the

Gore Street

tQ the

to the

of

Further the Robart

at.

not

Point the

IL Widowson

Launceston H.B.

Vol. l

A.

J.E.

F.

P.

London

~ State Archives

the

structure. is not

in

the extent to which the scope of the

;extant of the

of

or other is the

of

the

the

the

the the

etc This was

form ia its successive

over the next: hundred years in the

and later nineteenth is the absence

the accurate

survey

is

of a there may be no

A

"-!

(~~·

~

!<i

uJ.Jv

'---

T-'-1

0

7

CD

~~.,

N

_p~

L

it:

_J

v

to a run In

t:umover

to of fu:rther

to be noted values and the

value used here are

values of

internal

the

is that

have land values which reflect

or

t:omer was in

ans~ next to

gross average au:nual. vaiues to be

was at ti.:mes a

to any

then the

relative

as a measure of footnote

In i t seem that

is

values ss a result of

in tdth

the

The i~ bears

to

tli.e

in its

that is

In~ othar :ts not

a vacant first:

this

of all future returns as

as:!>um.e future

are related rent wl:tich is

the value land

of return on the

th.e

4 R.U.

of

its limited

ever 110

there

comer to 88 the CO"ffli!le'l:C:lal

or 5

Streets

oo either of

of the t~a' total

3

83

Souree: AssesstBent L:tsts

blocks to the

PERCENTAGE OF

TOTAl VALUATION

! 0- H

O·.S-0·9

0·1-0·.-9

- t~7 ·

-I

I

;.:

·~

3~

l___

__

________

__

~_·

__ · ____________

_________

__

__

______________

______

,

___

'

_

'

_

'

_

'

__

~

~':'ig .. 2.3 D!.flt?.'f~.>.~ticrn cf ::ot<:.l 't•'!'ban ~:l"o;-;-:rty ·.r.:..1.~Iftt.io:~ 1:~·47 :l ~·'.!

on north was

to flood~

access to the reclamation

access

the

the lw it

between the

to the

!he oae facet

of occupance

th.an 1

conditions than those

to occupy a

basis

oo the units of

aud

on total is less hence

AVERAGE VALUATIONS

<2.5 2.5-SO

S0-100

>100 0

30

-block It is subw~tted that

property measure is in fact a better to the nature (status)

cut th<:>t inconsistencies

rates more

consisted

of

to

street intersection of circulation end with a view

to It

v;as tn be t~e unit of

trsffic~

in th~ interco~nicstion

arou.nd i!htersecticns.

since

th.an the

consist

of tb.e

exte.nd e~d Collins Streets~

the

cf. which

gave

areas of

Street north

If in.

Fi an

sufficient to out the

t.oo

Table

13.

of resi.dential,

a

and the

than

the

~ 91~

one of them

This is more true

group of

A

the

Bathurst Streets

had more than

the Theatre

in the

VV4~~~·~4G4 Centre

of nine

shared the

on

Street the

areas of

the

their

but

continued

core.

to Brisbane

5

Patrick.

the six

the east there was

the hill

but western

to Street

eastern side the

were around west and under

had a southwestern

the

~v•~~~uu~u~ esatward as the hill OC~U01.S4

the

the

of

Street area

the

rated but more houses nearer the centre

Streetc The block

on Garden Crescent

in the group west: of the barracks n t h EIJ5 l.

rn

"-?"''""'"""'~ tbe average this

arouna the upper

it~

These

of the

in

rated

50

4

the bulk

area and Bleb of the "'"''""'~''"'"'

There is no w:t thin this

the

may have

in

at the same

at

averages,_ but i t

more appear blocks of average structures

characteristic of the

blocks on

Street

one above

0

This is

addition of

average

or

as more

above

Street

Their

be!O".t the

bounded on the west

the other

~ in the and

the structure

extreme eese but

values

unit

a

in terms.

areas. On the

value

the

the

valuations are modest

such as

assessed at

houses

It is

in

side also

can raise the

can raise the

evident

to 920

that site

as well

Crescent

the urban periphery above Hamilton Street (Block 1) reached a

surprisingly high ¥535. Below Crescent the handful of houses built between $ s survey and the 1847 assessment

{Blocks 4 were only of the ii12 and order. in

time and are reflected the small range from ¥516.6 to .2

for Blocks ~ 32 and 33 as in averages be~~een

8 for

What relation rates bore the actual market rents has

but rents surely deserve

as capital valuations for

rating assessments tend to lie below market

probably did earlier for rates short rents demanded

and paid for comparable space.

In

that cottages of 4-6 rooms

houses 8 (8)

cottage with only four

rooms~ and those of very contracted , and a kitchen at the

will let for 60 to per while houses

adapted for stores~ obtain

by economic depression and a

probable excess of supply over demand in the housing field~ whereas the

earlier of and Cur:r related to rapid

coupled w~th no reserves

have been extreme demands by the wages of

carpenters and masons were

which fell to a minimum of four shillings and by

It seems unlikely that these tradesmen could have afforded

half their in rental of cottages. some of

the artisEns built and owned their dwellings and others lived in the

7 These were 5 percent of the assessed annual value (valuation) of

t..~e property shol.>n on Assessment Lists.

8 E. Curr; p. 9

56

-coin.cided

to be confic.ent that have

been a the

rates need not sirtce

Wards

in the

Pound upon the annual value of the

of rates

some indication the rates

Thus

1 9

of ~ while the standard structure as in

to 20 Substantial

were

Road;

that in

were

in Elizabeth Street between Patrick

reside~ce ~ ~15. In

Assessment Lists P• 1

bonded r!!:Ul and

we !l!U.st

and the shop and house of Pichard Street:

2.6)

the units of a

order than detached houses end

as as sti"-lCture

doubt-the two

Street 1.

at

Church Street~ now

at ill each, for

the street near A number rows and

houses, the outer

North Hobart

rates.. There V."'ere in addition

None these extant7

and it nust be assumed that their l.ow rates were a-ssoei.ated

In contrast

were

at ii25.

structures

seen, remain ..

an

examined the

to to

therefore

at the saJI!le

the Custom Hense and ~15 the

such a

58

Fi :Richard

t350 ax1nual ~lalue Hobart

This

be

in Hobart are

extent of ~ alias the

concentration among ... ,.. ... ,.,. ... u₅ owners, has been the

processes

the case

the

wss not

To

among its

or between

Both answers were

rather than on a 41kterent1~

that lit: tle

cee'..tpance

the area

the

urban

~ but in

the manner which

i t

emerge.. It was decided

to test such a

One

in the Assessll'lent Lists were

~~rnrg~e~~~u had to be the

coincidence In a number of cases a.

or

attached to

This

thumb was

At fit.·s·t it was

But

that

in

same owner» In

of

to be too

as there was no

but. nth

first name from those

to be

names in

one

a net in the

be

J. James

and so a

were

be taken as

evidence that an o""-ner was

across the street than in an area several blocks distant. The

This still left a quite substantial number of

such as to 'L and

John Johnson -·~ when there is a fair that at least some

these blunJr.s coincide with another of the elan had the

assessors set down the record more

could not be assumed to be eith~:'!r of the joint OT.mers

is that

.appear to be rather less concentrated than it

is possible

spelling errors~ rather than or inconsista'lt

Thus Thos. Alcock is taken to be a different mmer

:ts John Allen fTom John Allru:L

in 1847. '!'he total

number of U,iners as defined above was

over 3 properties per owner With a total annual value

~ooo. the average valuation per owner was

pereent - - of the

of all Hobart: was held the

the prime owner by , with

only six others holding in excess and a further

assessed at

more than The of numerically holdings in column 4

shows that the leading six owners were the same {though not in the

same order) as the first six in the table, after which owners

11 percent of the properties 25

percent of their valuation was vested in the first t-v~enty

~~ers there remained over 2400 in the hands of 900 others.

the urban population

stake in the real estate of their area of oecupsnce. With a

about minors

and Number

Rank

Government q '

l

2

·David Lord 6

5 Judah Judah 3

6 John .. hUii.SS 30 :James

1 H. & 19 H. & J~E.

G. G$ Butler 9

9

c.

John 1

l l

.

John Swan 21. John. Lewis

John Jes.

w:Uson & Tonkin J

John Fisher John Fisher

16 tJ.

J~ Dunn Richard Hurst

Cllas

H.

John

J Brown

~....,~._e.,u,~.<:&.l. adult nV"·nnJ&»?'

tllesewere with the

roe

the economic means.

o:f

This a poor state

but not

one in

estimate that

oi

'fhe

on the es t.imate

of

Street and

In

rate 22

suspicion that

for

2

At the

house

Jaw.es and the

in

ooinci-breadth

which the

of the

seriee

thE".n \'lestern

hottses

'l"homas Kelly John Lewis. Since these data were

rather tl1.an is

block~

from 59 to 21 and the number of

19 to tb

urba11

the

(

• Curr:

the the

most of its st:rc1ctural

time and resources to

~cords a kind

not erlst at

to their

der-ived and

of

we n'!lst turn to the valuation of t.he

1

It

the noted in

in 2

base to convert linear into areal ::Ustributio';:ls. Tne units

the range of tbe one

d:f.etated and on the other influenced

the need to make for purposes of rational

there no

even to the

there were of

as

into about a dozen the of

used to a.re :in Table 3.A

is

better ca.ts after

or

se:r<.rices from the

66

of of the consumer.

has been made to accommodate the view of

is net at

to the

Hause is regerd~d of

~ theatre

contrlbutioo

Thus Government

a

to

service as do

distinctive in its

Because there were so

them a

hand the taverns

Government and

and

of

and a case

much

activities are

catholic in

other

not to

On the

the most uru:ertain

•u"" ...

at

the worst

But since

distinct

this

functional

extent

the next to is administration

be

to

r~nances, etc.? In so

as time

the entire dist:ribution of

area of nineteen

at the intersection

to

sections as

the

inner blocks as contained the

concerns

it is not

Elizabeth

to sections is

on one page

of

i t

the

Streets

unit

in their

in

t,

0

e Residence 0 Office

0 Shop t2j Pubf1c bvdc!mg

!!I Market 6 Churc'<

Ill Hote! Hall

!:; Warehouse :-1 Stable

most of

Streets~ of the

this and

the cow~rci~i area. Its

or C.hree

A second to note is units

from the street interior

block is very true Cat.

Fiddle access and extended the block

unit this

kind and as

the units In

outer areas at this time there

~ oriented

to the

cf 1 are

:tn !able 3 the inner area s

85 a."ld

in

tabled hse a

B:-dt

to be

is

of central area

one the main aims

both

totms

is the

mre. than

and

value in

19

and

is to

The writer

It ::f.s

of

a

avowed aim

the

with

that in advance of it:s Euro,nean tl'IOdela ~ but neither

it appear to have been

of

half "'f!f?.!Y the

and their ~thods

been a

by twentieth

in arrears One observer in

even

face of Britain, but

in its

of

grooves*

kind

is not the issue here,

2 J. Dixon:

3 Dorothy Davis: p. 2.52

we can the eha:rac ter

purposes

matter is that with of commercial

in

districts ~ and as, far as :O:obart $ s

the urbanisation was

like uses

at the centre to

or at

to corner residential

around is too m~1eh to

but of the

in a fe::u block.

south ·-side

On the north side

the

fewer on the ~est side~

The

a

some of tl!e !.."mer blocks. the s:!.:uth. of t.he six most valuable

contained less than 55 percent

4

were thus iri a dotninailt valuation

to units in a of

blocks each of which held one of the larger s~~res of

urban property\& Was situation

to 1 that outside the six most valuable blocks coll!lmercial

units rarely approached the number of residential units but more often

represented a of block valuation.

in the areas near the port,

subsidiary to

that out of

Table

C.omm$rcial of Block Valuations

(by null".ber of

22 13 6

Source: Assessment Lists~

of 110 valuated bloci;:s with cf 20 percent of value

even granted tl1e for one t:av~:rn to the value of

several

borne in

were notable their size, appearance or

appointments. The for this is

Observations as Dixon~s

Robart's better with London s, but it is

clear that until the second

beat. In his

co~nted on

4 It should be noted that

and a

of

of which

was lis ted as

fig.1re has

the

is in accord w~th

valuatio.::1s made the business centre, but in some

-were an inordinate love of

Tne to

old by

stuccoed fronts and 5 There are

of Hobart's

out the

indi vidttal

by their in the rnain ltloc1<S

is not

functional urdts

elusive,

Item

No of

units

Summary

Resid-ences

2473

Table 3.D

Functional

6,013

.o

,545

48.3

*

Source: Assessment Lists~

for less than no

a fearful premises "tdth

illustrations

years later bears

appearance of

small assuggested

3. and if this

and other

B-s

con-r~ant one unit

4. 7 100

.o

of a prolific

of small businesses and Jefferys leaves us in no doubt that in Britain

before 1850 "almost "i.Tft:hout for

themselves, controlling one business or o~ming

family tradition of son succeeding father was dominant~ and the '

in' system for

.5 Charles "Gin-Shops"~ Chapter 22 ~

central

i t seerl.l!iiTi • were

time

the

not

:U:emisecl in.

in the

the

the it

listed

total

there is

for.

st~ill oi

1

The va.luations

valuation Hobart of

three t:imes

four t:im-es resident:ta.l va.lustton

even :ls rela.t.ive and

match

every houses ..

the

16 houses

Lieut _,.. Bretorz. fount~ that

of every

Hobart s one fer

total ur-batt

t(nm could ::tn

At

179 ' no-uses

their

any street~ and fiftee.'l to

]

some·-corners Sl!1.d Collins or

as as ten

and In there were some areas

of notable

&-ad t:Oulbtlrrt. Str-eet.s with

taverns to Hobart s alcohol 99

100 in the centre carried twelve

an.d of

values functions oth<:1r

th*2 base o£ Old t:he

~ and the value of six

would t:o hear out~

tha

to

th.e

cm1nections

and

internal s

It be

in the to~:n

Place

used

the Barracks

It is sey the

of the the

skill

tob

it

that

and

forties

that

appearance

sc listed

were the

fou:<:•.dries

12

not

one steam ~Q·li=~-~. Deca••se the valuation

be

units

urban arsa ..

and is

a.

ch.e town~

Point

78

-with the

not

the Cascades in twenties

so their increase at a time

the

that~ however

was not to be danied.$

Market - lawer

at Nw Wharf,

This lsst was of

the

record~

rates

to o~it rateable

number were so s~all as to

Street

to tba most

some

the

to

The

than water" while the

access

in Hobart

a soap

Street

and

.,~ . .,....;;;,pu"'"""'-' but

There was

dubious

that as

cso

as late as

were

districts. wrdle is

North

· In any event the Hobart

for for 17

In a rather

consu:mer-non-the

two appear i11

the Poiat

valuations of ~100 and Each these covered a house

so the were not The

shows that ten

and in th·e to

contribution to the

contribution to

and the in the young

Adi!.inistrative and Social Units

Of

been of that

~1e settlement the

loom

-00-court

stores a:nd

of construction or

on

which was

average annual value was seven

that for

in the

The

in just west

now

and lowly houses that

Peter

'

Bob art

tracts been set aside

Not

wb,ere but the orientation

of

the

Churches nature and are .less

new or better uses than most

have been illustrated in L In

or less as were in t.h,e

the

Ja Wood:

13

units,.

appearance

81

.

.

F':!.g:. 3 ~ 2 Co~ur~.tu1 Hobart 1

::: geo:, '~vr:u.er of ~-!:.r.r~·ay and Ha::-:qo.-:ir!.e

Streets.. 3uilt .'!..8l4t-J.8~ abc.rdoned 1857 (1'.aa·ua~:cl~a;, Museup c::.'!J.1€~tivr~).

Fig. 3.3 ~-!areho~;~es and soap fc.~tory ~~t: Old ~.f;;.arf, de.veloiJecl. .f:ro·:i.l.

22

25

GGUUU.ll.,.u;ll); W8,S

interest in o~~u~~·~

of Governor Arthur

were

them in the

of Educat:ton and

in Hob art To-.rn. in

their own

to the churches

town's two

under the

of

in V.D,.L. in

the

in

assod.ated with

Bom.en

were not for ra.t:as •

Street and

Martin ... ... Bathurst Street ~~uuvA that

Street owned John

the seven, School Committee in

in the

the

Zones

The

PERCENTAGE FUNCTION

>25 >50 >75

Residert'al

I

l : : : : I

~ tion

valt.:ations, 184

I

0 FEET tOOO

and in a further more than half the tota~ _in

the inner area of

around the

block

of this

of unit

occupy more than

Tnree is

m.ent at a

of

of urban

concentric

in size

the manner

the

and in the

its

of

In

In

appears

than

to an

or processes invol".ted. To tlilke

I

Low value

residential

Transition

High value

residential

resident

...

... --value residential

to a v ~•u·<:~-11...1\.uu

as the area is

tum to

eet the

with

record of stn:vey we must

3

(4) ,J,

J.

over the appearance

Lieut

1

to

, the ~~~·~- was a British

1 have been """''"''n~t:o""

its

the. late

were structure

core of the

as

This was were soon to

t

~

RY

FEET

Denis~ to Ad~iral B~aufort~

100 tens i t

sad Launeeston increased the 1840s. The more

reason for

to the

In

was 51 in year in which

outward

6

placeG

would be several

md the rate

of L~e port in the

as

of world were

The

the each

r~ of the

There are no

Since

5

6 Ibid.,

from in to

nearly the

means

of meant that there

and with which

the

indi•.d.dual. forms with

rather more

its net tonnage, its

nature of the

not only • settlers and administrative funds and instructions

bu.~t for a convict labot1!" an

dcnrj_nance that connection~ For the decades of settle~~nt

t:.rle

with

la~t called at ::~ S $ the

Victoria had

and Port Albert the

Th~ nse

seen more

Ta.bla 4B

Source:

Previous Port of Call of

J<.ustralia {percent)

5

l9e8

otity of Hobart's direct -maritime

London to the tv1o 1.3

3.0

of the Latrobe

of the

at Robart

_e\me ricas Other

"'l' _{..1 3 3.1 8.9}

'

1,.8 3~3 8.3

4.3 7.6 5.4 3

, fl

-

"'-•"' U.v ko.._

accounted for the vast

The addition

ports above left no

the tot.;t.l sailing links '\>l-ith a

Y~utitius and the South Sea the Hobart arrivals

represented about 60 percent of Tasmania a somewhat

higher proportion of In this regard it was

between t..~e position in the ' thirties -.;~hen 80 and. even 90 of

shipping came to Robart~ s share dropped

below 40 percent~

7 G.G. \<leigend first d:i.s term to areas

eonneeticn across maritime space , 1952~ pp.

of the carriers:

far

in the

absence O!

not

some

As in

the case of the decline

in Table

at

.z.

2.7

3.8

0.2

Source:

constant.

It is and of are oore

useful than the and size of in

the The '!EOSt desirable data are

on for times and even

s

may not

the

el::u::.~sen years are ative of a decade or more of trade sad traffic

'

area of

as there were few in traffic volume. The