Biology I. Chapter 8/9

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Biology I

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Interest Grabber

NOTEBOOK #1

  Suppose you earned extra money by having a part-time job. At first, you might be tempted to spend all of the money, but then you decide to open a bank account.

1. What are the benefits of having a bank account?

2. What do you have to do if you need some of this money? 3. What might your body do when it has more energy than it needs to

carry out its activities?

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Section 1 Answers

Interest Grabber Answers

  1. What are the benefits of having a bank account?

  To save money and earn interest.

  2. What do you have to do if you need some of this money?

  Go to the bank and take out the money you need.

  3. What might your body do when it has more energy than it needs to

carry out its activities?

  Students will likely say that the body stores the energy.

  4. What does your body do when it needs energy?

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ATP

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Comparison of ADP and

ATP to a battery

ADP ATP

Energy

Energy _{Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)}

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Interest Grabber

NOTEBOOK #2

Trapping Energy

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Have you ever used a solar-powered

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Interest Grabber Cont.

NOTEBOOK #2

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1. A solar-powered calculator uses solar cells that are found in rows along the top of the

calculator. Into what kind of energy is the light

energy converted so that the calculator works?

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2. Recall that plants use light energy from the sun to make food. Into what kind of energy is the

light energy converted by plants?

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3. Most plants, no matter what size or shape they are, have some parts that are green. Which

parts of a plant are usually green?

 

4. What does the green color have to do with

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Section 2 Answers

  1. A solar-powered calculator uses solar cells that are found in rows along the top of the calculator. Into what kind of energy is the light energy converted so that the calculator works?

  They convert light energy into electrical energy.

  2. Recall that plants use light energy from the sun to make food. Into what kind of energy is the light energy converted by plants?

  Plants convert light energy into chemical energy.

  3. Most plants, no matter what size or shape they are, have some parts that are green. Which parts of a plant are usually green?

  Leaves are green, as are some stems.

  4. What does the green color have to do with the plant s ability to convert light energy into the energy found in the food it makes?

  The green color is the pigment chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy

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Photosynthesis: Reactants

and Products

Chloroplast

CO₂ + H₂O Sugars + O₂

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Chlorophyll Light

Absorption

Absorption of Light by

Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b

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NOTEBOOK #3

1. 

What three things make up an ATP molecule?

2. 

What is the difference between ADP and ATP?

3. 

What are the products of photosynthesis?

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Interest Grabber

A Look Into the Future

NOTEBOOK #4

  It is 100 years in the future and you are a research

scientist. An enormous volcanic eruption has recently sent huge quantities of dust and ash into

the atmosphere.

  Working with a partner, make a list of how this event will affect each of the following:

  1. photosynthesis

  2. plant life

  3. animal life

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Section 3 Answers

  Working with a partner, make a list of how this event will affect each of the following:

  1. photosynthesis The rate of photosynthesis will decrease due to reduced sunlight.

  2. plant life Plants will grow more slowly or die off due to decreased rate of photosynthesis.

  3. animal life Animal populations will decrease after a while due to fewer plants for herbivores to eat. Fewer

herbivores will eventually result in fewer carnivores. Also, less oxygen will be available.

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Concept Map

Photosynthesis

includes

of

take place in takes place in uses

to produce _{to produce}

use

Light- dependent

reactions Calvin cycle

Thylakoid

membranes Stroma ATP NADPH Energy from

sunlight

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Light-Dependent Reaction

-

produces oxygen gas and converts ADP and NADP into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine

dinucleotide phosphate) Hydrogen Ion Movement Photosystem II Inner Thylakoid Space Thylakoid Membrane Stroma ATP synthase Electron

Transport Chain Photosystem I ATP Formation

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Calvin Cycle

-uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars

ChloropIast CO₂Enters the Cycle

Energy Input

5-Carbon Molecules Regenerated

Sugars and other compounds

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NOTEBOOK #5

1. 

What two reactions are included in photosynthesis?

2. 

What is the stroma?

3. 

What is a thylakoid?

4. 

What do you call stacks of thylakoids?

5. 

What are the light-dependent reactions?

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Interest Grabber

NOTEBOOK #6

  Feel the Burn

  Do you like to run, bike, or swim? These all are good ways to exercise. When you exercise, your body uses oxygen to get energy from glucose,

a six-carbon sugar.

1. How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow

run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run?

2. What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes

in how you feel?

3. Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could you

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Section 1 Answers

1. How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run?

Students may answer that they feel no fatigue at the start of a run; however, after 1 minute and more so after 10 minutes, they are breathing hard, their heart rate has increased significantly, and their muscles may hurt.

2. What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes in how you feel?

Students may say that the increase in heart rate and breathing rate are a response that gets extra oxygen to the cells. The pain may be attributed to the cells becoming fatigued.

3. Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could you keep up this pace for a much longer distance? Explain your answer.

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Chemical Pathways

Glucose- C₆H₁₂O₆ Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport Fermentation

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Cellular Respiration –

the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Glucose

Glycolysis

Cytoplasm

Pyruvic acid

Electrons carried in NADH

Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH₂ _Electron Transport Chain Mitochondrion Mitochondrion

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Glycolysis

-the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound

Glucose

To the electron transport

chain

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Lactic Acid Fermentation

-converts glucose into lactic acid

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NOTEBOOK #7

1. 

What is cellular respiration?

2. 

What are the products of cellular respiration?

3. 

What organelle does cellular respiration take place in?

4. 

What is glycolysis?

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Interest Grabber

NOTEBOOK #8

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Rolling and Folding

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Some of the steps in cellular respiration

take place in the membrane inside the cell

structure called the mitochondrion, which

has a folded inner membrane. What

purpose do these folds serve?

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Interest Grabber Cont.

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1. Obtain two sheets of paper and a metric ruler.

What is the surface area of the paper?

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2. Roll one sheet of paper into a tube lengthwise.

What is the surface area of the rolled paper?

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3. Fold the second sheet of paper into a fan. Then, roll the first sheet of paper around the folded paper so it is inside the rolled paper.

What has happened to the surface area of the inside of the rolled paper?

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4. What would be the value of increasing the

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Section 2 Answers

  1. Obtain two sheets of paper and a metric ruler. What is the surface

area of the paper?

  The area will vary depending on the size of paper used. A sheet of notebook paper has an area of approximately 600 cm3_.

  2. Roll one sheet of paper into a tube lengthwise. What is the surface

area of the rolled paper?

  The surface area is the same as the original sheet of paper.

  3. Fold the second sheet of paper into a fan. Then, roll the first

sheet of paper around the folded paper so it is inside the rolled paper. What has happened to the surface area of the inside of the rolled paper?

  The surface area has increased (surface area of rolled paper + surface area of folded paper).

  4. What would be the value of increasing the surface area of the

membrane inside a mitochondrion?

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Cellular Respiration

process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Glucose (C₆H₁₂0₆)

+ Oxygen

(0₂)

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The Krebs Cycle

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Electron Transport Chain

uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP into ATP

Section 9-2

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NOTEBOOK #9

1. 

What is the Krebs Cycle?

2. 

What is the electron transport chain?