International Law Studies—Volume 38
International Law Situations
With Solutions and Notes
U.S. Naval War College (Editor)
The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily of the U.S.
INDEX
Aerial. See Air.
Air bombardment. See Bombing.
Aircraft : Page
attack on Chinese plane __________________________________ 20-24 andblockade _________________________________________ 13,27-31 and contraband ___________________________________ 25-26,3;{-35 crewof_________________________________________________ 12 and deviation _____________________________________ 14, 17, 18-20 and pacific blockade _____________________________________ 69-72 public and private______________________________________ 32 andradio ______________________________________ 11,~5-~o,33-35
in Spanish Civil strife ________ ---··--- 104-105 and unneutral service __________________________ 11,12,13,35-38 and visit and search--- 12,15-20,31-33,39 Air law, general---~--- 2,38-41 analogy to maritime law--- 26, 40 and blockade ________________________________________ 13,37-31 Commission of Jurists' report, 1923 ________________ 11-14, 16-17 and contraband ___________________________________ 25-26,33-3-5
Hague conventions---··--- 9, 10 Harvard I>raft code __________________________________ 14-15,25
Havana convention, 1928--- 10-11,32 and mail--- 31-33 Naval War College discussions of_______________________ 3 1919 convention_________________________________________ 10 and pacific blockade---··--- 69--72 penalties--- 26 sanctions for--- 4-9 in Spanish Civil strife _________________________________ 104-105 and unnentral service _____________________________ 12, 13, 35-38 utility of_______________________________________________ 8-9 and visit and search ___________________________ 15-20,31-33,39
Air mail--- 31-33 Airplanes. See Aircraft.
Approach, right of. See Pacific blockade.
in Spanish Observation scheme ________________________ 109, 124 Armed vessels, American ships and Spanish strife ___________ 112-113 Attack:
on Chinese plane________________________________________ 20-24 oo foreign ships in civil strife _______ .:. __________ 113-121, 123-126 what constitutes an attack______________________________ 125
174
INDEXPage Barcelona, blockade of ______________________________________ 96, 97 bombing of _______________________________ ..: .. --- 6 Barred zone in the air ___________________________________ 27-28,39 Belligerency (see also Insurgency) :
in Spanish Civil strife--- 91-92 Blockade (see also Pacific blockade) :
air--- 13,27-31 in insurgenCY--- 92-93,94,98 in Spanish Civil strife _________________________________ 108-109 Bombing:
defended and undefended to~ns __________________________ 9,10 effect upon civil population ______________________________ 5, 6, 7 Flague rules on bombardment____________________________ 9 of Nanking _____________________________________________ 64-65
in undeclared wars--- 63 Briggs,II--- 95 Brussels (9-Power) Conference ______________________________ 46-54 Capitulations. See Extraterritoriality.
Carthage, the--- 24-25 Casablanca avvard ___________________________________________ 82-83
Chinese-Japanese conflict. See Sino-Japanese conflict.
Chinese plane, attack upon---~--- 20-24 Civil population, effect of bombing upon ______________________ 5, 6, 7 Civil strife. See Spanish Civil strife.
Civil ~ar. See Spanish Civil strife. Closure. See Blockade.
Commission of Jurists' report, 1923--- 11-14, 16-17,25,27,30-31,32,35,38,70 Continuousvoyage--- 33-35 Contraband--- 25-26,33-35 during insurgenCY--- 92-93 Crete, occupation of_________________________________________ 83 Cvprus, occuvation of_______________________________________ 83 Damages, responsibility for, in non~ar situations ____________ 61-63 Declaration of London _________________________ 14, 25-26, 35-36, 124
Defended to~n--- 9 Destruction of merchant vesseL_____________________________ 124 Deviation of aircraft _______________________________ 14,17,18-20,71
Eagleton,Clyde--- 62 Effective blockade :
in the air--- 28,71 on the surface---~--- 96 Extraterritoriality--- 77 in occupied territory _________________________________ 74,82-84 Franco, General. See Spanish Civil strife.
INDEX
175
Page
Great Britain, policy in regard to attacks in Spanish strife __ 120-121 Hague conventions, in regard to the air______________________ 9 Convention IV--- 81
Convention IX--- 10
Convention XI--- 31
Harvard Draft code, in regard to the air--- 14-15, 25 in regard to piracY--- 98-99
Havana convention on aviation, 1928--- 10, 32
on rights and duties in civil strife ______________________ 94, 98
Hindmarsh, A. E--- 57
Hostilities. See Laws of war, military necessity, reprisals, Sino-Japanese conflict.
Instructions for U. S. Annies in the Field___________________ 81
Insurgency:
attacks on foreign ships during _______________________ 113-121
and blockade--- 94-98
maritime rules during ___________________________ 92-93, 121-126
and piracy in Spanish Civil strife ______________________ 98-107
position of third states during ___________________________ 93-94
in Spanish Civil strife __________________________________ 91-92
International law:
of the air. See Air law.
of reprisals--- 56-57,73
on submarines--- 106-107
of war, sanctions for_____________________________________ 4-9
Japanese: ·
attack on Chinese plane _________________________________ 20-24
conflict with China. See Sino-Japanese conflict.
l{ane,the--- 115-116
Kellogg-Briand Pact________________________________________ 86
Law of the air. See Air law. Laws of war:
applied in nonwar situations ________________ 61-62, 63-69, 85-87
sanctionsfor--- 4-9
League of Nations Covenant, Art. 16--- 57
London rules on submarines ___________________________ 106-107,124
"Loyalists." See Spanish Civil strife and insurgency.
~fadagascar, occupation of___________________________________ 83 l\fail. See Air mail.
:Military advantage__________________________________________ 4 l\Hlitary necessity and military objective ______ 7, 61-62, 65, 67, 79, 80
l\foore, John Bassett________________________________________ 29
l\Iorocco, occupation of______________________________________ 82
Nantucket Chief, the--- 113-114
176
INDEXNaval War College situations : Page
1902---~--- 93,90
1928--- 36
1932 ---... --- 57
1935--- 28
1936--- 3
Neutrality. See Quasi-neutrals. ''New Order" in the Far East _______________________________ 76-77 Nine-Power Brussels conference _____________________________ 46-54 treaty--- 47-48 Nonintervention (see also Spanish Civil strife) in Spanish Civil strife ____________________ 107-110, 122,123-126 Nonmilitary occupation. See Pacific occupation. ~yon accord _______________________________________ 99-107,125,126 Observation scheme in Spanish strife _______________ 108--109, 121-122 Occupation. See Pacific occupation. Oriental Navigation Co. clainl_______________________________ 95 Pacific blockade __________________________________________ 58,61,87 in Sino-Japanese conflict--- 58-60 and aircraft _____________________________________________ 69-72 Pacific occupation (see also Reprisals) : .American attitude toward Japanese occupation ___________ 74-79 Crete--- 83
CyprtiS ---• ~ and extraterritoriality--- 74, 82-84 ~Iadagascar---~--- 83
property during_________________________________________ 66-69 rights of Americans during ______________________________ 80-81 rules of ________________________________________________ 81-82 Samoa--- 83
Tunis--- 83
Pact of Paris--- 86
Padelford, N. J ___________________________________ 105-106,119-120 Panay, the--- 63
Parent government and parent state. See Insurgency. Penalties: for breach of air blockade--- 28-29,39 for violation of air law_________________________________ 26 Period of liability for unneutral service ______________________ 37-38 Perrin
v.
U. 8--- 62Piracy in Spanish Civil strife ______________________________ 98-107 President Hoover, the_______________________________________ 63 Prize court--- 24 Property in zone of fighting _________________________________ 66-69 Quasi-neutrals:
during insurgency ____________________________________ 93-94,95 during reprisals _________________________________________ 73, 87
INDEX
177
Page
Radio summons of aircraft ___________________________________ 18-19 Reasonable, meaning of __________________________________ 60,72,73
Reprisals (see also Pacific blockade and pacific occupation)_ 56-57, 73 conduct of hostilities in _________________________________ 63-69 and extraterritoriality _______________________________ 74, 82-84 general rules in regard to _____________________ 60-63,73,85-87
military necessity in--- 61-62, 65, 67, 79 "neutrality" in ______________________________________ 73,85-87 rights of foreigners_____________________________________ 80 rules as to pacific occupation____________________________ 81-82 Resistance to visit and search _____________________________ 122-126 Responsibility for damages in nonwar situations ______________ 61-63 Retaliation, as a sanction___________________________________ 5, 8 Revolutionists. See Insurgency.
Robin, Raymond--- 82-83 Rule of 1756--- 34 Samoa, occupation of_______________________________________ 83 Sanctions for air laws--- 4-9 Self-defense---·--- 84 Seli-helP---~--- 56-57,85 Shanghai_____________________________________________________ 54 Sino-Japanese conflict :
American attitude toward Japanese occupation ___________ 69-74 Brussels report on ______________________________________ 46-54 conduct of hostilities during _____________________________ 63-69 laws of war applied to __________________________________ 61-62 legal nature of_________________________________________ 46 pacific blockade in ______________________________________ 58-60 policy of United States toward __________________________ 54-55 responsibility for damages in ____________________________ 61-63
treatment of foreigners
in---
80 treaty rights reserved in ________________________________ 78-79 Spaight, J. l\1., on air blockade______________________________ 28 Spain. See Spanish Civil strife.Spanish Civil strife:
attacks on foreign ships during ________________________ 113-121 blockade during _________________________________________ 95-98
British policy on attacks--- 120-121
~onintervention ______________________________________ 107-110
~yon and Geneva accords--- 99-107 ObserYa tion scheme--- 108-100 ObserYation scheme and visit and search _______________ 121-123 piracy during _________________________________________ 98-107 submarine atL~cks during _____________________________ 123-126
United States relation to ______________________________ 110-113
178
INDEXPage Submarines, London rules for ______________________________ 106-107
in Spanish Civil strife _____________________ 99-107, 122, 123-125
Summons of aircraft for visit ____________________________ 18-20, 39
Tariff autonomy--- 77
Territorial waters:
attack in British--- 116-117
rights of insurgents in ______________________________ 92-93, 124
Third states. See Quasi-neutrals.
1'hrcc Friends, the--- 94
Treaties:
A1nerican, in the Far East _______________________________ 78-79
effect of occupation upon _____________________________ 74, 82-84
Tunis, occupation of________________________________________ 83 Undeclared wars. See Reprisals.
United States:
attacks on American ships--- 113-116
and conduct of hostilities _______________________________ 63-69
and Japanese occupation--- 74-79
and pacific blockade--- 58-60
and Sino-Japanese conflict--- 54-55
and Spanish Civil strife---:--- 97, 110-113
United States Navy Regulations _________________________ 72-73, 122
United States v. Diekelman_________________________________ 71
Unneutral service, aircraft engaged in ___________ 11, 12, 13, 32, 35--38
Use of force. See Reprisals.
in self-defense___________________________________________ 84 Visit and search:
ofaircraft ________________________________________ 12,15-20,39
of air maiL--- 31--33
and insurgency---··--- 92-93
in Spanish Observation scheme ________________ 108-109, 121-123
War, criteria of--- 45
'Var zone (see also Blockade)--- 95,96
W
