Less 8 answers plus

Laboratory 13

Nautical Charts 2 and Piloting

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2. 11.25_​o

3. Point Azimuth Quadrant Bearing Point Azimuth Quadrant Bearing NE 45_​o​_{T N45​}o​_{E NNE 22.5​}o​_{T N22.5​}o​_E

N by E 11.25_​o​_{T N11.25​}o​_{E S 180​}o​_{T Due South}

NE by N 33.75_​o​_{T N33.75​}o​_{E NE by E 56.25​}o​_{T N56.25​}o​_E

4. N60_​o​_{E and S60​}o​_{W are directionally opposite of each other and a line drawn through}

them forms a straight line.

5. Compass points are too inaccurate. Quadrant bearings are easily confused because of the directional names. Azimuths are simply numbers, always measured to the east of north.

6_​. Compass Reading Declination/for year Annual Correction Corrected Reading

a. N67_​o​_{E 23​}o​_{W/2001 + 6’ 43​}o​_24​o​_T

Variation 23_​o​_{W in 2001 and has increased 6’ per year since}

2007-2001 = 6 years +6’/_​yr_​ x 6_​yrs_​ = + 36’ 23_​o​_{W + 36’ = 23​}o​_36’W

N67_​o​_{E = 67​}o​_T

Variation to the west and so location is to the east of the Agonic Line and variation is subtracted. 67_​o​_{T - 23​}o​_{36’ = 43​}o​_24’T

b. 199_​o​_{T 15​}o​_{45’E/1999 - 8’ S by SW (compass point)}

Variation 15_​o​_{45’E in 1999 and has decreased 8’ per year since}

2007-1999 = 8 years -8’/_​yr_​ x 8_​yrs_​ = -64’ = 1_​o​_4’

15_​o​_{45’E - 1​}o​_{4’ = 14​}o​_41’E

Variation to the east and so location is to the west of the Agonic Line and variation is added. 199_​o​_{T + 14​}o_{41’ = 213}​ _​o​_{41’T = 213.68​}o​_T

213.68_​o​ _{x 1 point/11.25​}o​ _{= 18.99 points = S by SW}

c. W by N 19​o​09’W/1999 + 12’ N39.60​o​W (quadrant

compass bearing)

Variation 19_​o​_{09W in 1999 and has increased 12’ per year since}

2007-1999 = 8 years

+12’/_​yr_​ x 8_​yrs_​ = + 96’ = 1_​o​_36’

19_​o​_{09’W + 1​}o​_{36’ = 20​}o​_25’W

W by N = 25 _​points_​ x 11.25_​o_/​_{​point​ = 281.25​}o​_T

Variation to the west and so location is to the east of the Agonic Line and variation is subtracted. 281.25_​o​_{T - 20​}o​_{25’ = 260.40​}o​_’T

d. N19_​o​_{W 20​}o​_{50’E/2004 - 5’ Midway between NW and NW by N}

Variation 20_​o​_{50’E in 2004 and has decreased 5’ per year since}

2007-2004 = 3 years -5’/_​yr_​ x 3_​yrs_​ = -15’ 20_​o​_{50’E - 15’ = 20​}o​_35’E

N19_​o​_{W = 360​}o _{– N19}​ _​o​_{W = 341​}o​_T

Variation to the east and so location is to the west of the Agonic Line and variation is added. 341_​o​_{T + 20​}o_{35’ = 320}​ _​o​_{25’T = 320.42​}o​_T

320.42_​o​ _{x 1 point/11.25​}o​ _{= 28.5 points = Midway between NW and NW by N}

e. NW by N 10_​o​_{30’W/2000 + 4’ 315​}o​_17’T

Variation 10_​o​_{30’W in 2000 and has increased 4’ per year since}

2007-2000 = 7 years +4’/_​yr_​ x 7_​yrs_​ = + 28’ 10_​o​_{30’W + 28’ = 10​}o​_58’W

NW by N = 29 _​points_​ x 11.25_​o​_{/​point = 326.25​ ​}o​_T​​_{= 326​}o​_15’T

Variation to the west and so location is to the east of the Agonic Line and variation is subtracted. 326_​o​_{15’T - 10​}o​_{58’W’ = 315​}o​_17’T

f. 175_​o​_{T 11​}o​_{13’E/1999 - 6’ N174​}o​_35W

Variation 11_​o​_{13’E in 1999 and has decreased 6’ per year since}

2007-1999 = 8 years -6’/_​yr_​ x 8_​yrs_​ = -48’ 11_​o​_{13’E - 48’ = 10​}o​_25’E

Variation to the east and so location is to the west of the Agonic Line and variation is added. 175_​o​_{T + 10​}o​_{25’ = 185​}o​_25’T

360_​o​ _{- 185​}o​_{25’T = N174​}o​_35W

7. a. 46_​o​_E

b. -15’

c. In 2007 it is 45_​o​_30’E

d. The magnetic pole is slowly moving and changing its position relative to the rotational pole.

f. N31_​o​_{17’30” W131​}o​₅₇

8. True bearing from Point Maud to Yellow Light: Bearing : 23_​o​_{E = 23​}o​ _{east of north uncorrected}

Variation (2007): 45_​o​_30’E

If variation is to the East, the location is west of the agonic line and declination is added.

23_​o​_{E + 45​}o​_{30’ = 68​}o​_30’T

9. True bearing from Cameron City Light to Ledge Rock: 2007 – 2005 = 2 years

-15’/_​yr_​ x 2_​yrs_​ = -30’E 46_​o​_{E - 30’ = 45​}o​_30’E

200_​o​_{42’E + 45​}o​_{30’ = 246​}o​_12’T

200_​o​_42’T

True bearing in 2010: 245_​o​_27’T

2010 – 2005 = 5 years -15’/_​yr_​ x 5_​yrs_​ = -75’ 46_​o​_{E - 1​}o​_{15’ = E}

200_​o​_{42’E + 44​}o​_{45’ = 245​}o​_27’T

Magnetic bearing in 2010: 199_​o​_57’T

Bearing of 200_​o​_{42’E was taken in 2007. Each year the reading should decrease by}

15’.

2010 – 2007 = 3 years -15’/_​yr_​ x 3_​yrs_​ = -45’ 200_​o​_{42’E – 45’ = 199​}o​_57’T

10. True bearing from Point Jefferson to The Profile: 301_​o​_01’T

265_​o​_{31’E = 265​}o​_{31’ east of north}

2007 – 2005 = 2 years -15’/_​yr_​ x 2_​yrs_​ = -30’E 46_​o​_{E - 30’ = 45​}o​_30’E

265_​o​_{31’E + 45​}o​_{30’ = 301​}o​_01’T

11. True bearing from Pink Light to Red light on Southland Peninsula: 111_​o​_09’T

65_​o​_{39’E = 65​}o​_{39’ east of north}

2007 – 2005 = 2 years -15’/_​yr_​ x 2_​yrs_​ = -30’E 46_​o​_{E - 30’ = 45​}o​_30’E

12. Degrees true are referenced to the rotational poles. Because these poles do not move across the Earth’s surface with time, bearings taken to the rotational poles do not change. In contrast, Earth’s magnetic axes gradually migrates across Earth’s surface. Angles between the magnetic poles and any point on Earth gradually changes as the magnetic poles move.

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1. Heading Object Location True Bearings

0_​o​_{T Buoy, 1 point on starboard bow 11.25​}o​_T

30_​o​_{T Buoy, 1 point on port bow 18.75​}o​_T

0_​o​_{T Buoy, 1 point on port quarter 191.25​}o​_T

30_​o​_{T Buoy, 1 point on starboard quarter 198.75​}o​_T

40_​o​_{TLight, 1 point forward of starboard beam 118.25​}o​_T

70_​o​_{T Whistle buoy, 3 points of starboard quarter 216.25​}o​_T

62_​o​_{T Reef, broad on port beam 287​}o​_T

225_​o​_{T Flashing light, broad on port bow 180​}o​_T

15_​o​_{T Rocks, 2 points abaft of port beam 262.5​}o​_T

180_​o​_{T Groaner buoy, dead ahead 180​}o​_T

342_​o​_{T Wreck buoy, 2 points forward of port beam 274.5​}o​_T

235_​o​_{T Breakers, 1 point on port bow 313.75​}o​_T

2. Heading True Bearings Relative Bearings

0_​o​_{T 90​}o​_{T Broad on starboard beam}

30_​o​_{T 120​}o​_{T Broad on starboard beam}

0_​o​_{T 225​}o​_{T Broad on port quarter}

30_​o​_{T 255​}o​_{T Broad on port quarter}

54_​o​_{T 349​}o​_{T ~ 2 point forward of port beam}

300_​o​_{T 95​}o​_{T 2.5 points on starboard quarter}

180_​o​_{T 0​}o​_{T Dead astern}

90_​o​_{T 232.5​}o​_{T 3.4 points on starboard quarter}

156_​o​_{T 291​}o​_{T Broad on starboard quarter}

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1. Leg Magnetic Bearing Bearing _​o​_{T Distance NM}

1 335_​ o​_{E 20 4.5}

2 285_​ o​_{E 332 1.75}

3 1_​ o​_{E 48 2.75}

4 255_​ o​_{E 300 3.75}

5 15_​ o​_{E 60 5.25}

6 245_​ o​_{E 292 2.0}

7 33_​ o​_{E 78 3.5}

8 192_​ o​_{E 240 5.75}

9 124_​ o​_{E 170 5.1}

10 150_​ o​_{E 196 6.0}

2. Your final destination is: Bay between Northland and Southland. See chart. 3. Leg MagneticBearings o​_{T Distance NM}

1 187 233 5.65 2 125 171 4.25 3 145 191 4.0 4 205 251 1.0 Your final destination is: Point Richmond. See chart.

4. Leg True Compass Points o​_{T Distance NM}

1 N by E 15 3.85

2 N by E 09 4.35

3 SE by E 120 2.00

4 SSE 156 1.25

5 W by S 260 0.75

EXERCISE 4. U

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Course 1

Leg Bearing _​o​_{T Distance NM}

1 164 6.0

2 230 3.6

3 174 1.75

4 80 4.0

Course 2

Leg Bearing _​o_{​T Distance NM}

A 79 3.65

B 0 1.75

C 65 2.25

D 46 4.0

E 335 3.3

F 305 2.6

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5. D

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1. a. Pink Light 14_​ o​_T

b. Yellow Light 68_​ o​_T

c. KTYU Antenna 132_​ o​_T