Japanese Note_Mind Map With Base 2 Ending

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BASE 2 + #

Y Y u u --> --> ii I I ru ru --> --> XX Y=Yodan Y=Yodan I =Ichidan I =Ichidan Ir=Irreguler Ir=Irreguler N=nouns N=nouns V=verbs V=verbs nagara nagara (while)

(while) _sugiru_sugiru (too much)

(too much) masumasu present present masenmasen mashita

mashita past past masen deshitamasen deshita

+ve -ve +ve -ve PAGES PAGES MAIN CONTENTS MAIN CONTENTS Mind Map Base 2 Mind Map Base 2

(will ….) (will ….) Polite form Polite form sugi sugiruru sugi sugimasumasu

@ @ sugi sugimashitamashita

@ @ sugi sugimasenmasen

deshita deshita ni iku ni iku (going to) (going to) ni kuru ni kuru (coming to) (coming to) tai tai (want to) (want to) takunai takunai (don't want to (don't want toV V ) ) takereba takereba (if

(if N N want towant toV V ) )

 tete

 ni itteni itte

=

= please going to please going to 

ni kiteni kite =

= please coming to please coming to =

= please come over please come over mashou mashou (let's)

(let's) nasainasai (command) (command) nikui nikui (hard to...) (hard to...) yasui yasui (easy to…) (easy to…) IRREGULAR IRREGULAR BASE BASE KKUURRUU SSUURRUU 1 1 kkoo sshhii 2 2 kkii sshhii 3

3((ddiicctt..ffoorrmm)) kkuurruu ssuurruu 4

4 kkuurree ssuurree 5

5 kkooyyoouu sshhiiyyoouu ttee--ffoorrmm kkiittee sshhiittee

Iru

Iru yy aruaru II DesuDesu

m

meeaanniinngg EExxiisst t ((lliivviinng g tthhiinngg)) EExxiisstt((nnoonn--aanniimmaatteed d tthhiinngg)) IIss,,aamm,,aarree P

Poolliitte e ffoorrmm iimmaassuu aarriimmaassuu DDeessuu P

Poolliitte e --vve e IImmaasseenn AArriimmaasseenn DDeewwa a aarriimmaasseenn//jja a aarriimmaasseenn P

Pllaaiinn++vvee IIrruu AArruu ddaa P

Pllaaiinn--vvee iinnaaii NNaaii DDeewwaannaaii//jjaannaaii P

Poolliitte e ppaasst t ++vvee iimmaasshhiittaa aarriimmaasshhiittaa ddeesshhiittaa SPECIAL

SPECIAL

D

Diiccttiioonnaarry y ffoorrm m ((bbaasse e 33)) BBaasse e 22 Y Kau

Y Kau (will buy)(will buy) kaikai Y Aruku

Y Aruku (will walk)(will walk) arukiaruki I Miru

I Miru (will see)(will see) mimi I Taberu

I Taberu (will eat)(will eat) tabetabe Exp: kai + nagara = kainagara

Exp: kai + nagara = kainagara (while buying)(while buying) aruki + tai = arukitai

aruki + tai = arukitai (want to walk)(want to walk) mi + ni kite = mi ni kite

mi + ni kite = mi ni kite (coming over to see)(coming over to see)

Mind Map Base 2 Ending Mind Map Base 2 Ending

10 Disember 2009

1:03

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All plain Japanese verbs end in All plain Japanese verbs end in uu..

• •

Consonant-stem verbs

Consonant-stem verbs (u-verbs) @(u-verbs) @yodan verbsyodan verbs

 

Vowel-stem verbs

Vowel-stem verbs (ru-verbs) @(ru-verbs) @ ichidan verbsichidan verbs

  Irregular verbs Irregular verbs  

More precisely, verbs are classified into 3 groups: More precisely, verbs are classified into 3 groups:

• •

Also kwon by Group 1. Also kwon by Group 1.

 

It have consonant preceding final

It have consonant preceding final 'u'.'u'.Meaning, beforeMeaning, before 'u' 'u' it has consonant, for example;it has consonant, for example;

 

Kau

Kau (to buy)(to buy) →→ending withending with 'u' 'u'

Aruku

Aruku (to walk)(to walk) →→ending withending with 'ku' 'ku'

Isogu

Isogu (to hurry)(to hurry) →→ ending withending with 'gu' 'gu'

Hanasu (to talk)

Hanasu (to talk) →→ending withending with 'su' 'su'

Matsu

Matsu (to wait)(to wait)→→ending withending with 'tsu' 'tsu'

Shinu

Shinu (to die)(to die)→→ending withending with 'nu' 'nu'

Asobu

Asobu (to play)(to play)→→ending withending with 'bu' 'bu'

Yomu

Yomu (to read)(to read)→→ending withending with 'mu' 'mu'

Kaeru

Kaeru (to return)(to return)→→ending withending with 'ru' 'ru'

Consonant-stem verbs

Consonant-stem verbs (u-verbs)@(u-verbs)@ yodan verbsyodan verbs

• •

Mama wa mise de banana o

Mama wa mise de banana o kau kau.. (Mom buys/will buy bananas at the store.)(Mom buys/will buy bananas at the store.)

 

Jim wa manga o

Jim wa manga o yomu yomu.. (Jim will read a comic book.)(Jim will read a comic book.)

 

Ojii-san wa sugu

Ojii-san wa sugu kaeru kaeru.. (Grandpa will return soon.)(Grandpa will return soon.)

 

Now let's try some in sentences: Now let's try some in sentences:

taberu

taberu(to eat)(to eat)

 

kimeru

kimeru (to decide)(to decide)

 

miru

miru(to look, watch)(to look, watch)

 

kariru

kariru (to borrow)(to borrow)

 

Ichidan

Ichidan verbs all end in eitherverbs all end in either erueru oror iruiru. Some frequently used ones are:. Some frequently used ones are:

 

Vowel-stem verbs

Vowel-stem verbs (ru-verbs) @(ru-verbs) @ ichidan verbsichidan verbs

• •

Watashi wa ringo o

Watashi wa ringo o taberu taberu.. (I'll eat an apple.)(I'll eat an apple.)

 

Naomi wa terebi o

Naomi wa terebi o miru miru.. (Naomi will watch TV.)(Naomi will watch TV.)

 

Here are a couple of example sentences: Here are a couple of example sentences:

This is very simple Japanese, and also very juvenile or "familiar." Only kids or people speaking with family or This is very simple Japanese, and also very juvenile or "familiar." Only kids or people speaking with family or friends would use this plain form. Before actually trying out the language you need to learn the Base 2 forms and friends would use this plain form. Before actually trying out the language you need to learn the Base 2 forms and the polite endings that go with them. We will start learning about those in Lesson 2.

the polite endings that go with them. We will start learning about those in Lesson 2. Word Check

Word Check

Verbs: Verbs: kau

kau: to buy: to buy

aruku

aruku: to walk: to walk

isogu

isogu: to hurry: to hurry

hanasu

hanasu: to talk: to talk

matsu

matsu: to wait: to wait

shinu shinu: to die: to die

asobu

asobu: to play: to play

yomu

yomu: to read: to read

kaeru

kaeru: to return: to return

taberu taberu: to eat: to eat

kimeru

kimeru: to decide: to decide

miru

miru: to look, watch: to look, watch

kariru

kariru: to borrow: to borrow

Others: Others: mise

mise: a store: a store manga

manga: comic book : comic book ojii-san

ojii-san: grandfather: grandfather sugu

sugu: soon: soon watashi watashi: I: I ringo ringo: apple: apple terebi terebi: TV: TV Reference: Reference: http://www.timwerx.net/home/index.htm http://www.timwerx.net/home/index.htm

The Plain Form

BACK TO BACK TO MAIN CONTENTS

MAIN CONTENTS

Mind Map Base 2

Lesson 1

10 Disember 2009 10 Disember 2009 0:57 0:57

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Yodan

Yodan Verbs with Base 2 +

Verbs with Base 2 + masu

masu

P

Pllaaiin n VVeerrbb BBaasse e 2 2 FFoorrmm PPoolliitte e VVeerrb b FFoorrmm

kau

kau(to buy)(to buy) kkaaii kkaaiimmaassuu aruku

aruku(to walk)(to walk) aarruukkii aarruukkiimmaassuu isogu

isogu(to hurry)(to hurry) iissooggii iissooggiimmaassuu kasu

kasu(to lend)(to lend) kkaasshhii kkaasshhiimmaassuu matsu

matsu(to wait)(to wait) mmaacchhii mmaacchhiimmaassuu shinu

shinu(to die)(to die) sshhiinnii sshhiinniimmaassuu asobu

asobu(to play)(to play) aassoobbii aassoobbiimmaassuu yomu

yomu(to read)(to read) yyoommii yyoommiimmaassuu kaeru

kaeru(to return)(to return) kkaaeerrii kkaaeerriimmaassuu

Mama wa mise de banana o

Mama wa mise de banana o kaimasu kaimasu..(Mom buys/will buy bananas at the store.)(Mom buys/will buy bananas at the store.)

 

Jim wa manga o

Jim wa manga o yomimasu yomimasu..(Jim will read a comic book.)(Jim will read a comic book.)

 

Ojii-san wa sugu

Ojii-san wa sugu kaerimasu kaerimasu..(Grandpa will return soon.)(Grandpa will return soon.)

  Exp: Exp: Reference: Reference: http://www.timwerx.net/home/index.htm http://www.timwerx.net/home/index.htm BACK TO BACK TO MAIN CONTENTS MAIN CONTENTS

Mind Map Base 2

Lesson 2

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Ichidan

Verbs with Base 2 +

masu

P

Pllaaiin n VVeerrbb BBaasse e 2 2 FFoorrmm PPoolliitte e VVeerrb b FFoorrmm taberu

taberu(to eat)(to eat) ttaabbee ttaabbeemmaassuu oboeru

oboeru (to remember)(to remember) oobbooee oobbooeemmaassuu kimeru

kimeru(to decide)(to decide) kkiimmee kkiimmeemmaassuu deru

deru(to leave, come out)(to leave, come out) ddee ddeemmaassuu kariru

kariru(to borrow)(to borrow) kkaarrii kkaarriimmaassuu miru

miru(to look, watch)(to look, watch) mmii mmiimmaassuu

Watashi wa ashita

Watashi wa ashita kimemasu kimemasu.. (I'll decide tomorrow.)(I'll decide tomorrow.)

 

Jerry wa sugu heya kara

Jerry wa sugu heya kara demasu demasu.. (Jerry will come out of the room soon.)(Jerry will come out of the room soon.)

 

Ayako wa mainichi terebi o

Ayako wa mainichi terebi o mimasu mimasu.. (Ayako watches the TV every day.)(Ayako watches the TV every day.)

  Examples: Examples: Word Check Word Check ashita

ashita: tomorrow: tomorrow sugu

sugu: soon: soon heya

heya: a room: a room kara

kara: from: from mainichi

mainichi: every day: every day terebi terebi: TV: TV Reference: Reference: http://www.timwerx.net/home/index.htm http://www.timwerx.net/home/index.htm See also

See also Lesson 2Lesson 2 MAIN CONTENTSMAIN CONTENTS

Mind Map Base 2

Lesson 3

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Base 2 +

Base 2 + masen

masen

Watashi wa kasa o

Watashi wa kasa o kaimasen kaimasen.. (I'm not going to buy an umbrella.)(I'm not going to buy an umbrella.)

 

Kare wa

Kare wa machimasen machimasen.. (He won't wait.)(He won't wait.)

 

Kimiko wa Osaka ni

Kimiko wa Osaka ni ikimasenikimasen.. (Kimiko isn't going to Osaka.)(Kimiko isn't going to Osaka.)

 

Yodan

Yodanexamples:examples:

Watashi wa ima

Watashi wa ima tabemasen tabemasen.. (I'm not going to eat now.)(I'm not going to eat now.)

 

Kanojo wa kasa o

Kanojo wa kasa o karimasen karimasen.. (She isn't going to borrow an umbrella.)(She isn't going to borrow an umbrella.)

 

Ichidan

Ichidan examples:examples:

Word Check Word Check kasa

kasa: umbrella: umbrella kau

kau: to buy: to buy kare

kare: he, him: he, him matsu

matsu: to wait: to wait iku

iku: to go: to go ima ima: now: now taberu

taberu: to eat: to eat kanojo

kanojo: she, her: she, her kariru

(Verbs are shown in their plain form.) (Verbs are shown in their plain form.)

MAIN CONTENTS

Mind Map Base 2

Lesson 4

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Base 2 +

Base 2 + mashita

mashita

Mashita

Mashita is used to change verbs to their past is used to change verbs to their past polite form.polite form.

John wa Sendai ni

John wa Sendai ni ikimashitaikimashita..(John went to Sendai.)(John went to Sendai.)

 

Kodomotachi wa kouen de

Kodomotachi wa kouen de asobimashita asobimashita..(The children played at the park.)(The children played at the park.)

 

Yoshi wa ringo o

Yoshi wa ringo o tabemashita tabemashita..(Yoshi ate an apple.)(Yoshi ate an apple.)

 

Shizu wa manga o

Shizu wa manga o kaimashita kaimashita..(Shizu bought a comic book.)(Shizu bought a comic book.)

 

Bob wa sono eiga o

Bob wa sono eiga o mimashita mimashita..(Bob saw that movie.)(Bob saw that movie.)

  Examples: Examples: Word Check Word Check iku iku: to go: to go kodomotachi

kodomotachi: children: children

kouen

kouen: a park : a park

asobu

asobu: to play: to play

ringo ringo: apple: apple

taberu taberu: to eat: to eat

manga

manga: a comic book : a comic book

kau

kau: to buy: to buy

sono sono: that: that

eiga

eiga: movie: movie

miru

miru: to see: to see

(Verbs are shown in their plain form.) (Verbs are shown in their plain form.) Reference: Reference: http://www.timwerx.net/home/index.htm http://www.timwerx.net/home/index.htm MAIN CONTENTS MAIN CONTENTS

Mind Map Base 2

Lesson 5

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Base 2 +

Base 2 + masen deshita

masen deshita

To make that past tense we just

To make that past tense we just addadd deshita deshita.. John wa Sendai ni

John wa Sendai ni ikimasen deshitaikimasen deshita.. (John(John didn't godidn't goto Sendai.)to Sendai.)

 

Kodomotachi wa kouen de

Kodomotachi wa kouen de asobimasen deshita asobimasen deshita .. (The children(The children didn't playdidn't playat the park.)at the park.)

 

Yoshi wa ringo o

Yoshi wa ringo o tabemasen deshita tabemasen deshita .. (Yoshi(Yoshi didn't eatdidn't eatan apple.)an apple.)

 

Nnote that

Nnote that deshita deshita is the past tense form is the past tense form of of desu desu..

Reference: Reference: http://www.timwerx.net/home/index.htm http://www.timwerx.net/home/index.htm BACK TO BACK TO MAIN CONTENTS MAIN CONTENTS

Mind Map Base 2

Lesson 6

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desu, iru

desu, iru and

and aru

aru

Desu

-is added to the end of statements to make

-is added to the end of statements to make them polite, including ones that end in plain verb forms or their conjugations.them polite, including ones that end in plain verb forms or their conjugations. Do notDo not

add it to verbs that are already in

add it to verbs that are already in a polite forma polite form, like something from the, like something from themasumasugroup.group.

Kare wa Tanaka-san

Kare wa Tanaka-san desu desu..(He is Mr. Tanaka.)(He is Mr. Tanaka.)

 

Carol wa nijuu go sai

Carol wa nijuu go sai desu desu..(Carol is 25 years old.)(Carol is 25 years old.)

 

Bob wa byouki

Bob wa byouki desu desu..(Bob's sick.)(Bob's sick.)

 

Ashita wa ame

Ashita wa ame desu desu..(Tomorrow it will rain. [The weather forecast for tomorrow is rain.])(Tomorrow it will rain. [The weather forecast for tomorrow is rain.])

 

Sono gakkou wa furui

Sono gakkou wa furui desu desu..(That school is old.)(That school is old.)

 

After nouns and adjectives,

After nouns and adjectives, desu desu acts like English "acts like English "bebeverbs" (am, are, is, verbs" (am, are, is, etc.) and states that something (a noun)etc.) and states that something (a noun) isissomethingsomething (a noun or

(a noun or adjectiveadjective):):

Mite! Hikouki

Mite! Hikouki da da!!(Look! An airplaine!)(Look! An airplaine!)

 

Iya

Iya da da..(No. [I don't want to...])(No. [I don't want to...])

 

The plain form of

The plain form of desu desu isis da da, which is used by kids and adults in , which is used by kids and adults in familiar settings:familiar settings:

I should point out here that the above sentences do not need

I should point out here that the above sentences do not need desu desu oror da da to be complete or grammatically correct. In fact, you willto be complete or grammatically correct. In fact, you will often hear them with neither.

often hear them with neither. Desu Desu oror da da are added to "finalize" the statement in some cases, are added to "finalize" the statement in some cases, withwith desu desu being the one to choosebeing the one to choose when the setting calls for

when the setting calls for polite speech.polite speech.

Iru

Iru andand aru aru

Tom wa

Tom wairuiru??(Is Tom here / there?)(Is Tom here / there?)

 

Hai, Tom wa

Hai, Tom wa iruiru yo. yo.(Yes, Tom's here.)(Yes, Tom's here.)

 

Kabe ni kumo ga

Kabe ni kumo ga iruiru..(There's a spider on (There's a spider on the wall.)the wall.)

 

Jisho wa tsukue no ue ni

Jisho wa tsukue no ue ni aru aru..(The dictionary is on the desk.)(The dictionary is on the desk.)

 

Kouen ni ookina ki ga

Kouen ni ookina ki ga aru aru..(There's a big tree in the park.)(There's a big tree in the park.)

 

Iru

Iru andand aru aru mean "to be (in a certain place)" or "to exist." Generally speaking,mean "to be (in a certain place)" or "to exist." Generally speaking, iruiru is used for people and animals, andis used for people and animals, and aru aru forfor everything else:

everything else:

Tom wa

Tom waimasuimasuka?ka?(Is Tom there?)(Is Tom there?)

 

Kouen ni ookina ki ga

Kouen ni ookina ki ga arimasu arimasu..(There's a big tree in the (There's a big tree in the park.)park.)

 

You can make these polite by converting them to their Base 2 form and

You can make these polite by converting them to their Base 2 form and addingadding masu masu.. Iru Iru is anis anichidanichidanverb, andverb, and aru aru is ais a yodan yodan,, so be sure

so be sure to convert them accordingly:to convert them accordingly:

Sumimasen, ima Tom wa

Sumimasen, ima Tom wa inaiinai..(Sorry, Tom's not here now.)(Sorry, Tom's not here now.)

 

Jisho ga

Jisho ga nai nai..(I don't have a dictionary.)(I don't have a dictionary.)

 

The plain negative forms of these are

The plain negative forms of these are inaiinai andand nai nai ::

Sumimasen ga, ima Tom wa

Sumimasen ga, ima Tom wa imasenimasen..(Sorry, but Tom's not here now.)(Sorry, but Tom's not here now.)

 

Jisho ga

Jisho ga arimasen arimasen..(I don't have (I don't have a dictionary.)a dictionary.)

 

And the polite negative forms would use

And the polite negative forms would use masen masen, which was introduced in, which was introduced in Lesson 4Lesson 4::

Kinou Tom wa

Kinou Tom waittaitta..(Yesterday Tom was here.)(Yesterday Tom was here.)

 

Koko ni ookina ki ga

Koko ni ookina ki ga atta atta..(There was a big tree here.)(There was a big tree here.)

 

The plain past of these are

The plain past of these are ittaitta andand atta atta, which should only be used in very familiar settings:, which should only be used in very familiar settings:

Kinou Tom wa

Kinou Tom waimashitaimashita..(Yesterday Tom was here.)(Yesterday Tom was here.)

 

Koko ni ookina ki ga

Koko ni ookina ki ga arimashita arimashita..(There was a big tree here.)(There was a big tree here.)

 

The polite past forms are

The polite past forms are imashitaimashita andand arimashita arimashita ::

Kinou Tom wa

Kinou Tom wainakattainakatta..(Yesterday Tom was not here.)(Yesterday Tom was not here.)

 

For plain past negative use

For plain past negative use inakattainakatta andand nakatta nakatta ::

MAIN CONTENTS

Mind Map Base 2

Lesson 7

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Koko ni ki ga

Koko ni ki ga nakatta nakatta..(There was not a tree here.)(There was not a tree here.)

 

Kinou Tom wa

Kinou Tom waimasen deshitaimasen deshita..(Yesterday Tom was not here.)(Yesterday Tom was not here.)

 

Koko ni ki ga

Koko ni ki ga arimasen deshita arimasen deshita..(There was not a tree here.)(There was not a tree here.)

 

And for polite past negative use

And for polite past negative use masen deshita masen deshita ::

Kanojo wa juuhassai

Kanojo wa juuhassai dewa nai dewa nai..(She's not 18.)(She's not 18.)

 

Now let's get back to

Now let's get back to desu desu. Its plain negative form is. Its plain negative form is dewa nai dewa nai oror ja nai ja nai ::

Iie, kare wa haisha

Iie, kare wa haisha dewa arimasen dewa arimasen..(No, he's not a dentist.)(No, he's not a dentist.)

 

And the polite negative is

And the polite negative is dewa arimasen dewa arimasen ::

With

With desu desu, there is one way it is often used which will throw the student who is still trying to "think out in English" everything, there is one way it is often used which will throw the student who is still trying to "think out in English" everything heard in Japanese. This is when it is used after the object. A good example would be:

heard in Japanese. This is when it is used after the object. A good example would be: A:

A:O-tousan wa?O-tousan wa?(Where's Dad?)(Where's Dad?) B:

B:ShigotoShigoto desu desu..(He's at work.)(He's at work.) B could even answer

B could even answer o-tousan wa shigoto desuo-tousan wa shigoto desu, which, to the mind of the , which, to the mind of the student of Japanese, could mean "Dad is a job," but itstudent of Japanese, could mean "Dad is a job," but it doesn't. This is the "wild card" nature of

doesn't. This is the "wild card" nature of desu desu.. For summary of

For summary of desu, iru and arudesu, iru and aru , see Mind Map Base 2 ending, see Mind Map Base 2 ending

Word Check Word Check ame

ame: rain: rain

gakkou

gakkou: school: school

furui furui: old: old

hikouki

hikouki: airplane: airplane

iya

iya: disagreeable; unpleasant;: disagreeable; unpleasant; No! No! kabe

kabe: wall: wall

kumo kumo: spider: spider

tsukue tsukue: desk : desk

ue

ue: the top (of something): the top (of something)

ookina ookina: big: big

ki ki: tree: tree

ima ima: now: now

jisho

jisho: dictionary: dictionary

haisha

haisha: dentist: dentist

Notes Notes

1. Most native speakers do not

1. Most native speakers do not voice thevoice the uuon the end of on the end of masumasuoror

desu

desu. If you want to sound like most natives, pronounce them. If you want to sound like most natives, pronounce them ""mossmoss" and "" and "dessdess." You will, however, occasionally hear a few." You will, however, occasionally hear a few speakers voice the final

speakers voice the final susu, making them sound something like, making them sound something like

mah-su

mah-suandanddeh-sudeh-su, with just a very short, with just a very short susu. You can imitate the. You can imitate the version you like.

version you like. 2.

2. Iya da! Iya da!is used as a simple reply to reject something, and isis used as a simple reply to reject something, and is especially used by children.

especially used by children.

Reference: Reference:

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Base 2 +

tai

Watashi wa kasa o

Watashi wa kasa o kaitai kaitai.. (I want to buy an (I want to buy an umbrella.)umbrella.)

 

Kodomotachi wa

Kodomotachi wa asobitai asobitai.. (The children want to p(The children want to p lay.)lay.)

 

Bob wa tempura o

Bob wa tempura o tabetai tabetai.. (Bob wants to eat tempura.)(Bob wants to eat tempura.)

 

Miki wa sono eiga o

Miki wa sono eiga o mitai mitai.. (Miki wants to see that movie.)(Miki wants to see that movie.)

 

A very useful Base 2 ending is

A very useful Base 2 ending is tai tai, which is used to sh, which is used to sh ow that youow that you want to dowant to dosomething:something:

tai

tai shows that youshows that you want to dowant to do something, and is not used something, and is not used when you want something.when you want something.

• •

For example, you wouldn't say

For example, you wouldn't say watashi wa inu o taiwatashi wa inu o taifor "I want a dog." You woufor "I want a dog." You wou ld use the adjectiveld use the adjective hoshiihoshiiand say,and say, ""Watakushi wa inu ga hoshii.Watakushi wa inu ga hoshii.""

 

tai

tai is only used with verbs, and is never used alone with an object.is only used with verbs, and is never used alone with an object.

• •

TAKUNAI TAKUNAI Now, what if you

Now, what if you don't don't want to do something? In that case, we usewant to do something? In that case, we use takunai takunai. Again, add. Again, add desu desu to make it polite. Let's maketo make it polite. Let's make the examples above negative. We'll make the first two plain:

the examples above negative. We'll make the first two plain: Watakushi wa kasa o

Watakushi wa kasa o kaitakunai kaitakunai.. (I don't want to buy an (I don't want to buy an umbrella.)umbrella.)

 

Kodomotachi wa

Kodomotachi wa asobitakunai asobitakunai.. (The children don't want (The children don't want to play.)to play.)

 

Bob wa tempura o

Bob wa tempura o tabetakunai desu tabetakunai desu.. (Bob doesn't want to eat tempura.)(Bob doesn't want to eat tempura.)

 

Miki wa sono eiga o

Miki wa sono eiga o mitakunai desu mitakunai desu .. (Miki doesn't want to see that movie.)(Miki doesn't want to see that movie.)

 

And the next two polite: And the next two polite:

TAKEREBA TAKEREBA Terebi o

Terebi o mitakereba mitakereba , yuushoku o hayaku tabenasai. , yuushoku o hayaku tabenasai. (If you want to watch TV, h(If you want to watch TV, h urry and eat your dinner.)urry and eat your dinner.)

 

Shichiji no densha ni

Shichiji no densha ni noritakereba noritakereba , ashita hayaku okimashou. , ashita hayaku okimashou.(If you want to make the (If you want to make the 7:00 train, let's get up early7:00 train, let's get up early tomorrow.) tomorrow.)   Word Check Word Check kasa

kasa: umbrella: umbrella kodomotachi

kodomotachi: children: children11 eiga

eiga: movie: movie yuushoku

yuushoku: dinner: dinner hayaku

hayaku: early; fast, quickly: early; fast, quickly shichiji

shichiji: 7:00 (: 7:00 (shichishichi[seven] +[seven] + ji ji["o'clock"])["o'clock"]) densha

densha: train: train noru

noru: to ride: to ride ashita

ashita: tomorrow: tomorrow okiru

okiru: to get up: to get up

Notes Notes 1.

1. KodomoKodomo means "child." Althoughmeans "child." Although tachitachi cancan be added to make the p

be added to make the p lural "children," pleaselural "children," please remember that

remember that tachitachiworks with only a fewworks with only a few select nouns, mainly those describing people select nouns, mainly those describing people or animals. There are no plural forms for other or animals. There are no plural forms for other objects, which makes Japanese uncomplicated objects, which makes Japanese uncomplicated in that respect.

in that respect. Another handy derivative is

Another handy derivative is takereba takereba, which is the conditional form of , which is the conditional form of tai tai. Use it for "if (you) want to":. Use it for "if (you) want to":

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Mind Map Base 2

Lesson 8

(11)

Base 2 +

Base 2 + mashou

mashou

Ikimashou

Ikimashou.. (Let's go.)(Let's go.)

 

Tabemashou

Tabemashou.. (Let's eat.)(Let's eat.)

 

Yasumimashou

Yasumimashou.. (Let's take a break.)(Let's take a break.)

 

Sometim

Sometimes it es it is writtenis written masho masho with a line above thewith a line above the o o, but either way this one is easy to , but either way this one is easy to rememberemember. It simply means "let's (dor. It simply means "let's (do something

something)." )." For example:For example:

Watashi ga

Watashi ga hakobimashou hakobimashou.. (I'll carry this / these [for you].)(I'll carry this / these [for you].)11

 

(to a pet)

(to a pet) Esa o Esa o agemashou agemashou.. (Let's get you some food.)(Let's get you some food.)

 

Anata no jitensha o

Anata no jitensha o naoshimashou naoshimashou.. (I'll fix your bicycle. / I'll help you fix your bicycle.)(I'll fix your bicycle. / I'll help you fix your bicycle.)

  Word Check Word Check iku iku: to go: to go yasumu

yasumu: to rest; to take a break; t: to rest; to take a break; t o take or have ao take or have a day off

day off hakobu

hakobu: to carry: to carry esa

esa: pet food: pet food ageru

ageru: to give: to give anata

anata: you: you22 jitensha

jitensha: bicycle: bicycle naosu

naosu: to repair: to repair

(Verbs are shown in their plain (Verbs are shown in their plain form.)form.)

Notes Notes

1. In Japanese, the object (as well

1. In Japanese, the object (as well as the subect) can be omittedas the subect) can be omitted when it is known or obvious. In this example, even

when it is known or obvious. In this example, even hakobimashou

hakobimashoualone would be both natural aalone would be both natural a nd grammaticallynd grammatically sufficient.

sufficient. 2. Please see

2. Please see About You and Name Suffixes About You and Name Suffixes.. As in English, this is also used to mean "I'll do (something) for you / Let me do (something) for you," as in: As in English, this is also used to mean "I'll do (something) for you / Let me do (something) for you," as in:

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Mind Map Base 2

Lesson 9

(12)

Base 2 +

nasai

Here is a real simple one, but you

Here is a real simple one, but you will want to be careful how you use it. For will want to be careful how you use it. For simple commands, addsimple commands, add nasai nasai to verbs in theto verbs in the Base 2 form:

Base 2 form: Tabenasai! Tabenasai! (Eat!)(Eat!)

 

Minasai!

Minasai! (Look!)(Look!)

 

Yominasai!

Yominasai! (Read it!)(Read it!)

 

Iinasai!

Iinasai! (Tell me!)(Tell me!)

 

Suwarinasai!

Suwarinasai! (Sit down!)(Sit down!)

 

Koko ni

Koko ni kinasai! kinasai! (Come here!)(Come here!)

 

Word Check Word Check taberu taberu: to eat: to eat miru

miru: to look : to look yomu

yomu: to read: to read iu

iu: to say: to say suwaru suwaru: to sit: to sit kuru

kuru: to come: to come

(Verbs are shown in their plain form.) (Verbs are shown in their plain form.) Reference: Reference: http://www.timwerx.net/home/index.htm http://www.timwerx.net/home/index.htm MAIN CONTENTS MAIN CONTENTS

Mind Map Base 2

Lesson 10

(13)

Irregular Verbs

Irregular Verbs kuru

kuru and

and suru

suru

KURU KURU

Bob wa kimasu.

Bob wa kimasu.(Bob will come.)(Bob will come.)

 

Sue wa kimasen.

Sue wa kimasen.(Sue won't come/won't be coming.)(Sue won't come/won't be coming.)

 

John wa kimashita.

John wa kimashita. (John came.)(John came.)

 

Ken wa kimasen deshita.

Ken wa kimasen deshita.(Ken didn't come.)(Ken didn't come.)

 

Yumi wa kitai desu.

Yumi wa kitai desu.(Yumi wants to come.)(Yumi wants to come.)

 

The Base 2 form of

The Base 2 form of kuru kuru is justis justkiki. Let's use it to review some of the endings already learned:. Let's use it to review some of the endings already learned:

SURU SURU

Watashi wa shimasu.

Watashi wa shimasu.(I'll do it.)(I'll do it.)

 

Kare wa shimasen.

Kare wa shimasen. (He won't do it.)(He won't do it.)

 

Bill wa ashita benkyou shitai desu.

Bill wa ashita benkyou shitai desu. (Bill wants to study tomorrow.)(Bill wants to study tomorrow.)

 

Anata wa yakusoku shimashita.

Anata wa yakusoku shimashita.(You promised.)(You promised.)

 

Hiromi wa shimpai shimasen deshita.

Hiromi wa shimpai shimasen deshita.(Hiromi didn't worry.)(Hiromi didn't worry.)

 

Suru

Suru is not only a handy "stand alone" verb, but is also used to make countless nouns into verbs:is not only a handy "stand alone" verb, but is also used to make countless nouns into verbs: benkyou surubenkyou suru(study),(study),

shimpai suru

shimpai suru(worry),(worry), chuumon suruchuumon suru(place an order),(place an order), yakusoku suru yakusoku suru(promise). The Base 2 form of (promise). The Base 2 form of suru suru isisshishi. Look . Look at these examples: at these examples: Reference: Reference: http://www.timwerx.net/home/index.htm http://www.timwerx.net/home/index.htm BACK TO BACK TO MAIN CONTENTS MAIN CONTENTS

Mind Map Base 2

Lesson 11

(14)

Forming Questions with

Forming Questions with ka

ka

Making questions in Japanese is easy. Unlike English, where you have that

Making questions in Japanese is easy. Unlike English, where you have that silliness of subjects and verbs tradingsilliness of subjects and verbs trading places, in Japanese all you do is

places, in Japanese all you do is stick stick ka ka on the end of a word, phrase, or sentence to turn it into a question.on the end of a word, phrase, or sentence to turn it into a question. For example, do you remember

For example, do you remember "Ojii-san wa sugu kaerimasu""Ojii-san wa sugu kaerimasu"fromfrom Lesson 2Lesson 2? (Grandpa will return soon.) Well, just? (Grandpa will return soon.) Well, just slap

slap ka ka on the end and you've turned it into a question:on the end and you've turned it into a question: "Ojii-san wa sugu kaerimasu ka.""Ojii-san wa sugu kaerimasu ka." (Will Grandpa return soon?)(Will Grandpa return soon?) Simple, right?

Simple, right?

Yoshi wa ringo o tabemashita

Yoshi wa ringo o tabemashita ka ka..(Did Yoshi eat an apple?)(Did Yoshi eat an apple?)

 

Miki wa sono eiga o mitai desu

Miki wa sono eiga o mitai desu ka ka..(Does Miki want to see th(Does Miki want to see th at movie?)at movie?)

 

Yasumimashou

Yasumimashou ka ka..(Shall we take a break?)(Shall we take a break?)

 

Let's make questions out of some of our o

Let's make questions out of some of our o ther previous examples:ther previous examples:

By the way, true Japanese doesn't use a

By the way, true Japanese doesn't use a question mark. You will see lots of question mark. You will see lots of question marks used, usually inquestion marks used, usually in advertisements or trendy one-liners, but real Japanese literature does not use it.

advertisements or trendy one-liners, but real Japanese literature does not use it. In a sense,In a sense, ka kaisisthe question mark.the question mark. Reference:

Reference:

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Mind Map Base 2

Lesson 12

(15)

Base 2 +

Base 2 + ni iku / ni kuru

ni iku / ni kuru

Watashi wa kasa o

Watashi wa kasa o kai ni iku kai ni iku.. (I'm going to go buy an umbrella.)(I'm going to go buy an umbrella.)

 

Miki wa watashi no atarashii PC o

Miki wa watashi no atarashii PC o mi ni kuru mi ni kuru.. (Miki is coming over to see my new PC.)(Miki is coming over to see my new PC.)

 

Simply convert the reason for coming or going into Base 2,

Simply convert the reason for coming or going into Base 2, then add the relevant one:then add the relevant one:

Watashi wa kasa o

Watashi wa kasa o kai ni ikimasu kai ni ikimasu.. (I'm going to go buy an umbrella.)(I'm going to go buy an umbrella.)

 

Miki wa watashi no atarashii PC o

Miki wa watashi no atarashii PC o mi ni kimashita mi ni kimashita.. (Miki came over to see my new PC.)(Miki came over to see my new PC.)

 

Add endings to change the tense or make it Add endings to change the tense or make it polite:polite:

Chuuka ryouri o

Chuuka ryouri o tabe ni ikimashou tabe ni ikimashou.. (Let's go out and eat Chinese food.)(Let's go out and eat Chinese food.)

 

Watashi wa kouen ni

Watashi wa kouen ni asobi ni ikitai asobi ni ikitai.. (I want to go play in the park.)(I want to go play in the park.)

 

Rob wa jitensha o

Rob wa jitensha o kari ni kimasen deshita kari ni kimasen deshita .. (Rob didn't come to borrow the bicycle.)(Rob didn't come to borrow the bicycle.)

 

Asobi ni kite ne.

Asobi ni kite ne. (Come over for a visit, okay?)(Come over for a visit, okay?) 11

 

Word Check Word Check kasa

kasa: umbrella: umbrella atarashii atarashii: new: new miru

miru: to see, look, watch: to see, look, watch chuuka ryouri

chuuka ryouri: Chinese food: Chinese food kouen

kouen: park : park asobu

asobu: to play: to play jitensha

jitensha: bicycle: bicycle kariru

(Verbs are shown in their

(Verbs are shown in their plain form.)plain form.)

Notes Notes 1.

1. Asobi ni kuru Asobi ni kuru is a set phrase usedis a set phrase used to invite someone "to come for a to invite someone "to come for a pleasure visit." You may hear it pleasure visit." You may hear it often, but don't take it literally. Most often, but don't take it literally. Most of the time it is just a polite nothing, of the time it is just a polite nothing, made obvious by having no date or made obvious by having no date or time attached to it.

time attached to it. And here are some more good ones:

And here are some more good ones:

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Mind Map Base 2

Lesson 13

(16)

Base 2 +

nikui / yasui

Kono budou wa

Kono budou wa tabenikui tabenikui.. (These grapes are hard to eat.)(These grapes are hard to eat.)

 

Kono kanji wa

Kono kanji wa yominikui yominikui.. (These(These kanjikanji are hard to read.)are hard to read.)

 

Sono tatemono wa

Sono tatemono wa minikui minikui.. (That building is hard to see.)(That building is hard to see.)11

 

Use

Use nikui nikui for "hard to do":for "hard to do":

Kono PC wa

Kono PC wa tsukaiyasui tsukaiyasui.. (This PC is easy to use.)(This PC is easy to use.)

 

Kanojo no namae wa

Kanojo no namae wa oboeyasui oboeyasui.. (Her name is easy to remember.)(Her name is easy to remember.)

 

Kono kanji wa

Kono kanji wa kakiyasui kakiyasui.. (This(This kanjikanji is easy to write.)is easy to write.)

 

Word Check Word Check kono

kono: this, these: this, these budou

budou: grapes: grapes taberu

taberu: to eat: to eat kanji

kanji: Chinese characters: Chinese characters33

yomu

yomu: to read: to read sono

sono: that, those: that, those

tatemono

tatemono: a building: a building miru

miru: to see, look, watch: to see, look, watch

tsukau

tsukau: to use: to use kanojo

kanojo: she, her: she, her44

namae namae: name: name oboeru

oboeru: to remember: to remember kaku

kaku: to write: to write

(Verbs are shown in their

(Verbs are shown in their plain form.)plain form.)

Notes Notes

1. Besides the converted verb

1. Besides the converted verb minikuiminikui, which, which means "hard to see," there is also an adjective means "hard to see," there is also an adjective minikui

minikui meaning "ugly." Accordingly, themeaning "ugly." Accordingly, the sentence

sentence sono tatemono wa minikuisono tatemono wa minikui could alsocould also mean "that building is ugly." Be especially careful mean "that building is ugly." Be especially careful to make the intended meaning clear when using it to make the intended meaning clear when using it to refer to people or their property.

to refer to people or their property. 2.

2. YasuiYasui also exists as an adjective meaningalso exists as an adjective meaning "inexpensive."

"inexpensive." 3. For more about

3. For more about kanjikanji, see the, see the KanjiKanjisection of section of A A Bit of the Language

Bit of the Language.. 4.

4. Kanojo noKanojo nois the possessive pronoun "her."is the possessive pronoun "her." And use

And use yasui yasui for "easy to do":for "easy to do":22

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Mind Map Base 2

Lesson 14

(17)

Base 2 +

Base 2 + sugiru

sugiru

Sugiru

Sugiru is a verb which means "to pass by; to is a verb which means "to pass by; to go too far." @ "overdo" something. As with any other verb, go too far." @ "overdo" something. As with any other verb, changing itchanging it to its Base 2 form with

to its Base 2 form with masumasu,, sugimasusugimasu, makes it polite., makes it polite.

Kare wa itsumo

Kare wa itsumo nomisugiru nomisugiru.. (He always drinks too much.)(He always drinks too much.)

 

Kimiko wa

Kimiko wa tabesugimashita tabesugimashita.. (Kimiko ate too much.)(Kimiko ate too much.)

 

Kodomotachi wa terebi o

Kodomotachi wa terebi o misugiru misugiru.. (The kids watch too much TV.)(The kids watch too much TV.)

 

Examples: Examples:

Sugiru

Sugiru is sometimes shortened in familiar conversation tois sometimes shortened in familiar conversation to sugi sugi. For example, you could say. For example, you could say kodomotachi wa terebi okodomotachi wa terebi o misugi

misugi.. Word Check Word Check itsumo

itsumo: always: always nomu

nomu: to drink : to drink

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Mind Map Base 2

Lesson 15

(18)

Base 2 +

nagara

Add it to verbs in Base 2

Add it to verbs in Base 2 to mean "while (doing something)...." Note how the action connected withto mean "while (doing something)...." Note how the action connected with nagara nagara comes before it:comes before it: Bob wa

Bob wa hatarakinagara hatarakinagara ongaku o kiku.ongaku o kiku.(Bob listens to music while he works.)(Bob listens to music while he works.)

 

Kimiko wa

Kimiko wa benkyou shinagara benkyou shinagara terebi o mimasen.terebi o mimasen.(Kimiko doesn't watch TV (Kimiko doesn't watch TV while studying.)while studying.)

 

Hanashinagara

Hanashinagara sanpo shimashou.sanpo shimashou.(Let's take a walk while we talk.)(Let's take a walk while we talk.)

 

Word Check Word Check hataraku

hataraku: to work : to work ongaku

ongaku: music: music kiku

kiku: to listen, hear: to listen, hear11 benkyou suru

benkyou suru: to study: to study hanasu

hanasu: to talk, speak : to talk, speak sanpo suru

sanpo suru: to take a walk : to take a walk 22

Notes Notes

1. There is also a

1. There is also a kikukikuwhich means "to ask" that is used often.which means "to ask" that is used often. 2. Use

2. Use arukuarukufor "to walk," as a means of for "to walk," as a means of getting somewhere. When walking is the object,getting somewhere. When walking is the object, use

use sanpo surusanpo suru (to go for a walk).(to go for a walk).

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Mind Map Base 2