Dowsing

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Dowsing

A dowser, from an 18th century French book about A dowser, from an 18th century French book about

superstitions. superstitions.

Dowsing

Dowsing is a type of divination employed in attempts tois a type of divination employed in attempts to locate ground water, buried metals or ores, gemstones, oil, locate ground water, buried metals or ores, gemstones, oil, gravesites,

gravesites,[1][1]and many other objects and materials, as welland many other objects and materials, as well as so-called currents of earth radiation, without the use of as so-called currents of earth radiation, without the use of scientific apparatus. Dowsing is also known as

scientific apparatus. Dowsing is also known as diviningdivining (especially in reference to interpretation of results), (especially in reference to interpretation of results),[2][2] doodlebugging

doodlebugging (in the US), or (when searching(in the US), or (when searching specifically for water)

specifically for water) water findingwater findingoror water witchingwater witching.. A Y- or L-shaped twig or rod, called a

A Y- or L-shaped twig or rod, called a dowsing roddowsing rod,, divining rod

divining rod (Latin:(Latin: virgula divinavirgula divina oror baculusbaculus divinatorius

divinatorius) ) oror witching rodwitching rod is sometimes used duringis sometimes used during dowsing, although some dowsers use other equipment or dowsing, although some dowsers use other equipment or no equipment at all.

no equipment at all.

Dowsing appears to have arisen in the context of Dowsing appears to have arisen in the context of Renaissance magic in Germany, and it remains popular Renaissance magic in Germany, and it remains popular among believers in Forteana or radiesthesia

among believers in Forteana or radiesthesia[3][3] althoughalthough there is no accepted scientific rationale behind the concept there is no accepted scientific rationale behind the concept and no scientific evidence that it is effective.

and no scientific evidence that it is effective.

History

Dowsing as practiced today may have originated in Dowsing as practiced today may have originated in Germany during the 15th century, when it was used to find Germany during the 15th century, when it was used to find metals. As early as 1518 Martin Luther listed dowsing for metals. As early as 1518 Martin Luther listed dowsing for metals as an act that broke the first commandment (i.e., as metals as an act that broke the first commandment (i.e., as occultism). The 1550 edition of Sebastian Münster's

occultism). The 1550 edition of Sebastian Münster's CosmographiaCosmographiacontains a woodcut of a dowser with forked rodcontains a woodcut of a dowser with forked rod in hand walking over a cutaway image of a mining operation. The rod is labelled "Virgula Divina

in hand walking over a cutaway image of a mining operation. The rod is labelled "Virgula Divina – – Glück rüt"Glück rüt"

(Latin: divine rod; German: fortune rod or stick), but there is no text accompanying the woodcut. By 1556 Georgius (Latin: divine rod; German: fortune rod or stick), but there is no text accompanying the woodcut. By 1556 Georgius Agricola's treatment of mining and smelting of ore,

Agricola's treatment of mining and smelting of ore, De Re Metallica De Re Metallica, included a detailed description of dowsing for, included a detailed description of dowsing for metal ore.

metal ore.[4][4]

In 1662 dowsing was declared to be "superstitious, or rather satanic" by a Jesuit, Gaspar Schott, though he later In 1662 dowsing was declared to be "superstitious, or rather satanic" by a Jesuit, Gaspar Schott, though he later noted that he wasn't sure that the devil was always responsible for the movement of the rod.

noted that he wasn't sure that the devil was always responsible for the movement of the rod.[5][5] An epigram by Samuel Sheppard, from

An epigram by Samuel Sheppard, from Epigrams theological, philosophical, and romantick Epigrams theological, philosophical, and romantick (1651) runs thus:(1651) runs thus: Virgula divina

Virgula divina..

"Some Sorcerers do boast they have a Rod, "Some Sorcerers do boast they have a Rod, Gather'd with Vowes and Sacrifice,

Gather'd with Vowes and Sacrifice, And (borne about) will strangely nod And (borne about) will strangely nod To hidden Treasure where it lies; To hidden Treasure where it lies; Mankind is (sure) that Rod divine, Mankind is (sure) that Rod divine,

For to the Wealthiest (ever) they incline." For to the Wealthiest (ever) they incline." The use of divining rods was a popular

The use of divining rods was a popular branch of folk magic in early branch of folk magic in early 19th century New England. The early leaders in19th century New England. The early leaders in Mormonism, a religion that erupted out of that environment, were not exempt. Oliver Cowdery, the Book of Mormonism, a religion that erupted out of that environment, were not exempt. Oliver Cowdery, the Book of

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Mormon scribe and "Second Elder" of the Church, used a divining rod for revelatory purposes.

Mormon scribe and "Second Elder" of the Church, used a divining rod for revelatory purposes.[6][6]In a revelationIn a revelation given to Joseph Smith through his seer stone, God affirmed Cowdery's use of "working with the rod", and said that it given to Joseph Smith through his seer stone, God affirmed Cowdery's use of "working with the rod", and said that it was a divine gift through which Cowdery could learn the "mysteries of God".

was a divine gift through which Cowdery could learn the "mysteries of God".[6][6]This gift later became known in theThis gift later became known in the revelation as "the gift of Aaron", referencing Moses' brother Aaron's use of a rod in the Old Testament.

revelation as "the gift of Aaron", referencing Moses' brother Aaron's use of a rod in the Old Testament.[6][6]

In the late 1960s during the Vietnam War, some United States Marines used dowsing to attempt to locate weapons In the late 1960s during the Vietnam War, some United States Marines used dowsing to attempt to locate weapons and tunnels.

and tunnels.[7][7]An extensive book on the history of dowsing was published by Christopher Bird in 1979 under theAn extensive book on the history of dowsing was published by Christopher Bird in 1979 under the title of

title of The Divining Hand The Divining Hand . James Randi. James Randi’’s 1982 book s 1982 book Flim-Flam! Flim-Flam! devotes 19 pages to comprehensive double-blinddevotes 19 pages to comprehensive double-blind

tests done in Italy which yielded results no better than chance. tests done in Italy which yielded results no better than chance.

Dowsing rods

A forked tree branch A forked tree branch

Traditionally, the most common dowsing rod is a forked (Y-shaped) Traditionally, the most common dowsing rod is a forked (Y-shaped) branch from a tree or bush. Some dowsers prefer branches from branch from a tree or bush. Some dowsers prefer branches from particular trees, and some prefer the branches to be freshly cut. Hazel particular trees, and some prefer the branches to be freshly cut. Hazel twigs in Europe and witch-hazel in the United States are traditionally twigs in Europe and witch-hazel in the United States are traditionally commonly chosen, as are branches from willow or peach trees. The commonly chosen, as are branches from willow or peach trees. The two ends on the forked side are held one in each hand with the third two ends on the forked side are held one in each hand with the third (the stem of the "Y") pointing straight ahead. Often the branches are (the stem of the "Y") pointing straight ahead. Often the branches are grasped palms down. The dowser then walks slowly over the places grasped palms down. The dowser then walks slowly over the places where he suspects the target (for example, minerals or water) may be, where he suspects the target (for example, minerals or water) may be, and the dowsing rod supposedly dips, inclines or twitches when a and the dowsing rod supposedly dips, inclines or twitches when a discovery is made. This method is sometimes known as "Willow discovery is made. This method is sometimes known as "Willow Witching."

Witching."

Two L-shaped metal wire rods Two L-shaped metal wire rods

Many dowsers today use a pair of simple

Many dowsers today use a pair of simple L-shaped metal rods. One rodL-shaped metal rods. One rod is held in each hand, with the short arm of the L held upright, and the is held in each hand, with the short arm of the L held upright, and the long arm pointing forward. When something is found, the rods cross long arm pointing forward. When something is found, the rods cross over one another making an "X" over the found object. If the object is over one another making an "X" over the found object. If the object is long and straight, such as a water pipe, the rods will point in opposite long and straight, such as a water pipe, the rods will point in opposite directions, showing its orientation. Some dowsers claim best success directions, showing its orientation. Some dowsers claim best success with rods made of particular metals, commonly brass, although others with rods made of particular metals, commonly brass, although others think that the material is irrelevant if it is the human body itself that think that the material is irrelevant if it is the human body itself that does the detecting.

does the detecting.[8][8]The rods are sometimes fashioned from wire coatThe rods are sometimes fashioned from wire coat hangers, and glass or plastic rods have also been accepted. Straight hangers, and glass or plastic rods have also been accepted. Straight rods are also sometimes used for the same purposes, and were not rods are also sometimes used for the same purposes, and were not uncommon in early 19th century New England.

uncommon in early 19th century New England.

In all cases, the device is in a state of unstable equilibrium from which slight movements may be amplified. In all cases, the device is in a state of unstable equilibrium from which slight movements may be amplified.[9][9]

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Revelatory rods

A man demonstrating dowsing technique using a A man demonstrating dowsing technique using a

Y-shaped branch Y-shaped branch

Besides dowsing, divining rods were also used as revelatory devices. Besides dowsing, divining rods were also used as revelatory devices. Sometimes a rod would be held up in the air, and the rodman would Sometimes a rod would be held up in the air, and the rodman would ask a question. If the rod moved, the answer was "yes". If it did not ask a question. If the rod moved, the answer was "yes". If it did not move, the answer was "no". The source for this was believed to be move, the answer was "no". The source for this was believed to be either magical spirits or God; sometimes these types of rods were either magical spirits or God; sometimes these types of rods were referred to as a "Mosaic rod" or "rod of Aaron", referencing the Old referred to as a "Mosaic rod" or "rod of Aaron", referencing the Old Testament prophet Moses and his brother Aaron, who both used rods Testament prophet Moses and his brother Aaron, who both used rods (presumably straight ones).

(presumably straight ones).

Other equipment used for dowsing

A pendulum of crystal, metal or other materials suspended on a chain A pendulum of crystal, metal or other materials suspended on a chain is sometimes used in divination and dowsing. In one approach the user is sometimes used in divination and dowsing. In one approach the user first determines which direction (left-right, up-down) will indicate first determines which direction (left-right, up-down) will indicate "yes" and which "no" before proceeding to ask the pendulum specific "yes" and which "no" before proceeding to ask the pendulum specific questions, or else another person may pose questions to the person questions, or else another person may pose questions to the person holding the pendulum. The pendulum may also be used over a pad or holding the pendulum. The pendulum may also be used over a pad or cloth with "yes" and "no" written on it and perhaps other words written cloth with "yes" and "no" written on it and perhaps other words written in a circle. The person holding the pendulum aims to hold

in a circle. The person holding the pendulum aims to hold it as steadily as possible over the center and its movementsit as steadily as possible over the center and its movements are held to indicate answers to the questions. In the practice of radiesthesia, a pendulum is used for medical are held to indicate answers to the questions. In the practice of radiesthesia, a pendulum is used for medical diagnosis.

diagnosis.

Suggested explanations

Early attempts at a scientific explanation of dowsing were based on the notion that the divining rod was physically Early attempts at a scientific explanation of dowsing were based on the notion that the divining rod was physically affected by emanations from substances of interest. The following explanation is from William Pryce's 1778 affected by emanations from substances of interest. The following explanation is from William Pryce's 1778 Mineralogia Cornubiensis

Mineralogia Cornubiensis:: The corp

The corpuscles ... that risuscles ... that risee from the Minerafrom the Minerals, entering the rod, dls, entering the rod, determine it tetermine it to bow down, in order to render ito bow down, in order to render it parallel to the vertical lines which the effluvia describe in their rise. In effect the Mineral particles seem to be parallel to the vertical lines which the effluvia describe in their rise. In effect the Mineral particles seem to be emitted from the earth; now the Virgula [rod], being of a light porous wood, gives an easy passage to these emitted from the earth; now the Virgula [rod], being of a light porous wood, gives an easy passage to these particles, which are also very fine and subtle; the effluvia then driven forwards by those that follow them, and particles, which are also very fine and subtle; the effluvia then driven forwards by those that follow them, and pressed at the same time by the atmosphere incumbent on them, are forced to enter the little interstices pressed at the same time by the atmosphere incumbent on them, are forced to enter the little interstices between the fibres of the wood, and by that effort they oblige it to incline, or dip down perpendicularly, to between the fibres of the wood, and by that effort they oblige it to incline, or dip down perpendicularly, to become parallel with the little columns which those vapours form in their rise.

become parallel with the little columns which those vapours form in their rise. Such explanations have no modern

Such explanations have no modern scientific basis.scientific basis. A 1986 article in

A 1986 article in Nature Nature included dowsing in a list of "effects which until recently were claimed to be paranormalincluded dowsing in a list of "effects which until recently were claimed to be paranormal but which can now be explained from within orthodox science."

but which can now be explained from within orthodox science."[10][10] Specifically, dowsing could be explained inSpecifically, dowsing could be explained in terms of sensory cues, expectancy effects and

terms of sensory cues, expectancy effects and probability.probability.[10][10]

Skeptics and some supporters believe that dowsing apparatus has no power of its own but merely amplifies slight Skeptics and some supporters believe that dowsing apparatus has no power of its own but merely amplifies slight movements of the hands caused by a phenomenon known as the ideomotor effect: people's subconscious minds may movements of the hands caused by a phenomenon known as the ideomotor effect: people's subconscious minds may influence their bodies without their

influence their bodies without their consciously deciding to take action. This would make the consciously deciding to take action. This would make the dowsing rods a conduitdowsing rods a conduit for the diviner's subconscious knowledge or

for the diviner's subconscious knowledge or perception.perception.

There is disputed evidence that dowsers have subliminal sensitivity to the environment (through electroception, There is disputed evidence that dowsers have subliminal sensitivity to the environment (through electroception, magnetoception, telluric currents or otherwise) or other paranormal faculties. Soviet geologists have made claims for magnetoception, telluric currents or otherwise) or other paranormal faculties. Soviet geologists have made claims for the abilities of dowsers,

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authors suggest that these abilities may be explained by postulating human sensitivity to small magnetic field authors suggest that these abilities may be explained by postulating human sensitivity to small magnetic field gradient changes.

gradient changes.[12][12] [13][13] [14][14]

Evidence

A 1948 study tested 58 dowsers' ability to detect water. None of them was more reliable than chance.

A 1948 study tested 58 dowsers' ability to detect water. None of them was more reliable than chance.[15][15] A 1979A 1979 review examined many controlled studies of dowsing for water, and found that none of them showed better than review examined many controlled studies of dowsing for water, and found that none of them showed better than chance results.

chance results.[16][16]

In a study in Munich 1987-1988 by Hans-Dieter Betz and other scientists, 500 dowsers were initially tested for their In a study in Munich 1987-1988 by Hans-Dieter Betz and other scientists, 500 dowsers were initially tested for their "skill" and the experimenters selected the best 43 among them for further tests. Water was pumped through a pipe on "skill" and the experimenters selected the best 43 among them for further tests. Water was pumped through a pipe on the ground floor of a two-storey barn. Before each test the pipe was moved in a direction perpendicular to the water the ground floor of a two-storey barn. Before each test the pipe was moved in a direction perpendicular to the water flow. On the upper floor each dowser was asked to determine the position of the pipe. Over two years the dowsers flow. On the upper floor each dowser was asked to determine the position of the pipe. Over two years the dowsers performed 843 such tests. Of the 43 pre-selected and extensively tested candidates at least 37 showed no dowsing performed 843 such tests. Of the 43 pre-selected and extensively tested candidates at least 37 showed no dowsing ability. The results from the remaining 6 were said to be better than chance, resulting in the experimenters' ability. The results from the remaining 6 were said to be better than chance, resulting in the experimenters' conclusion that some dowsers "in particular tasks, showed an extraordinarily high r

conclusion that some dowsers "in particular tasks, showed an extraordinarily high r ate of success, which can scarcelyate of success, which can scarcely if at all be explained as due to chance ... a real core of dowser-phenomena can be regarded as empirically if at all be explained as due to chance ... a real core of dowser-phenomena can be regarded as empirically proven."

proven."[17][17]

Five years after the Munich study was published, Jim T. Enright, a professor of physiology and a leading skeptic Five years after the Munich study was published, Jim T. Enright, a professor of physiology and a leading skeptic who emphasised correct data analysis procedure, contended that the study's results are merely consistent with who emphasised correct data analysis procedure, contended that the study's results are merely consistent with statistical fluctuations and not significant. He believed the experiments provided "the most convincing disproof statistical fluctuations and not significant. He believed the experiments provided "the most convincing disproof imaginable that dowsers can do what they claim,"

imaginable that dowsers can do what they claim,"[18][18]stating that the data analysis was "special, unconventional andstating that the data analysis was "special, unconventional and customized." Replacing it with "more ordinary analyses,"

customized." Replacing it with "more ordinary analyses,"[19][19] he noted that thehe noted that the best best dowser was on average 4dowser was on average 4 millimeters out of 10 meters closer to a mid-line guess, an advantage of 0.0004%. The study's authors responded, millimeters out of 10 meters closer to a mid-line guess, an advantage of 0.0004%. The study's authors responded, saying "on what grounds could Enright come to entirely different conclusions? Apparently his data analysis was too saying "on what grounds could Enright come to entirely different conclusions? Apparently his data analysis was too crude, even illegitimate."

crude, even illegitimate."[20][20]The findings of the Munich study were also confirmed in a paper by Dr. S. Ertel,The findings of the Munich study were also confirmed in a paper by Dr. S. Ertel,[21][21]aa German psychologist who had previously intervened in the statistical controversy surrounding the "Mars effect", but German psychologist who had previously intervened in the statistical controversy surrounding the "Mars effect", but Enright remained unconvinced.

Enright remained unconvinced.[22][22] More recently a study

More recently a study[23][23] was undertaken in Kassel, Germany under the direction of the Gesellschaft zurwas undertaken in Kassel, Germany under the direction of the Gesellschaft zur Wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung von Parawissenschaften (GWUP) [Society for the Scientific Investigation of the Wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung von Parawissenschaften (GWUP) [Society for the Scientific Investigation of the Parasciences]. The three-day test of some 30 dowsers involved plastic pipes through which water flow could be Parasciences]. The three-day test of some 30 dowsers involved plastic pipes through which water flow could be controlled and directed. The pipes were buried 50 centimeters under a level field, the position of each marked on the controlled and directed. The pipes were buried 50 centimeters under a level field, the position of each marked on the surface with a colored strip. The dowsers had to tell whether water was running through each pipe. All the dowsers surface with a colored strip. The dowsers had to tell whether water was running through each pipe. All the dowsers signed a statement agreeing this was a fair test of their abilities and that they expected a 100 percent success rate, signed a statement agreeing this was a fair test of their abilities and that they expected a 100 percent success rate, however the results were no better than chance.

however the results were no better than chance.

Some researchers have investigated possible physical or geophysical explanations for alleged dowsing abilities. One Some researchers have investigated possible physical or geophysical explanations for alleged dowsing abilities. One study concluded that dowsers "respond" to a 60 Hz electromagnetic field, but this response does not occur if the study concluded that dowsers "respond" to a 60 Hz electromagnetic field, but this response does not occur if the kidney area or head are shielded.

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Commercial and "hi-tech" dowsing devices

A number of devices resembling "high tech" dowsing rods have been marketed for modern police and military use: A number of devices resembling "high tech" dowsing rods have been marketed for modern police and military use: none have been shown to be effective.

none have been shown to be effective.[25][25] The more notable of this class of device are ADE 651, Sniffex, and theThe more notable of this class of device are ADE 651, Sniffex, and the GT200.

GT200.[26][26] [27][27]A US government study advised A US government study advised against buying "bogus explosive detection equipment".against buying "bogus explosive detection equipment".[25][25] Devices:

Devices:

•• Sandia NatSandia National Labional Laboratororatories testeies tested the MOLE Programd the MOLE Programmable Systmable System manufaem manufactured by Globactured by Global Technicl Technical Ltd. of al Ltd. of Kent, UK and found it ineffective.

Kent, UK and found it ineffective.[26][26]

•• The ADE 65The ADE 651 is a device p1 is a device produceroduced by ATSC (UKd by ATSC (UK) and widel) and widely used by Iray used by Iraqi police tqi police to detect exo detect explosivplosives.es.[27][27] Many

Many[27][27] [28][28]have denied its effectiveness and contended that the ADE 651 failed to prevent many bombings inhave denied its effectiveness and contended that the ADE 651 failed to prevent many bombings in Iraq. On 22nd January 2010, the director of ATSC, Jim McCormick was arrested on suspicion of fraud by Iraq. On 22nd January 2010, the director of ATSC, Jim McCormick was arrested on suspicion of fraud by misrepresentation.

misrepresentation.[29][29]Earlier, the British Government had announced a ban on the export of the ADE-651Earlier, the British Government had announced a ban on the export of the ADE-651 [30][30] •• SNIFFESNIFFEX was the subjeX was the subject of a report by the United Stact of a report by the United States Navy Exptes Navy Explosive Orlosive Ordnancdnance Dispose Disposal that conclal that concludeduded

"The handheld SNIFFEX explosives detector does not

"The handheld SNIFFEX explosives detector does not work."work."[31][31]

•• Global TeGlobal Technicachnical GT200 is a dowsinl GT200 is a dowsing type explog type explosive detesive detector whicctor which containh contains no scientis no scientific mechafic mechanism.nism.[32][32] [33][33]

List of well-known dowsers

Well-known dowsers include: Well-known dowsers include: •• KaKarl rl SpSpieiesbsberergegerr

•• LuLuddwiwig Stg Straraniniak ak •• A. A. FrFranank k GGlalahnhn •• J. FJ. Frarancncis His Hititchchiningg •• HeHellllmumut t WWololff ff •• UUrri i GGeelllleerr

•• ThThomomas Chas Chararleles Lets Lethbhbriridgdgee[34][34]

External links

•• MysteMystery Rory Robot Sabot Said to id to Solve Solve CrimesCrimes, Find , Find Mines Mines in Chin Chileile[35][35]- Manuel Salinas, a 39-year-old inventor, claims he- Manuel Salinas, a 39-year-old inventor, claims he has built a machine that has extraordinary capabilities for finding buried objects.

has built a machine that has extraordinary capabilities for finding buried objects.

•• DowDowsinsing Arg Archachaeoleologiogical cal FeaFeaturtureses[36][36]An empirical study at An empirical study at Cressing Temple, Witham, Essex.Cressing Temple, Witham, Essex.

•• GeGeororge ge P. P. HaHansnsenen:: Dowsing: A Review of Experimental Research Dowsing: A Review of Experimental Research [37][37]. In:. In: Journal of the Society for Journal of the Society for PsychicalPsychical Research

Research, Band 51, Nr. 792, Oktober 1982, S.343, Band 51, Nr. 792, Oktober 1982, S.343 – – 6767

•• LinLinda Kda K. Ba. Barrerrett utt und End Evon von Z. VZ. Vogtogt::The Urban American Dowser The Urban American Dowser . In:. In:The Journal of American FolkloreThe Journal of American Folklore 325325 (1969), S. 195-213

(1969), S. 195-213

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•• ISD ISD - Int- Internaternational ional SocieSociety oty of Dof Dowsing wsing ReseaResearchrch[39][39] •• InteInternarnatiotional Dinal Digitgital Dowal Dowsersers Forus Forum Boarm Boardd[40][40] •• ASD ASD - Am- Amerierican can SocSocietiety of y of DowDowserserss[41][41] •• BSD BSD - B- Britiritish sh SocSocietiety oy of Dof Dowsewsersrs[42][42] •• CSD CSD - Ca- Canadnadian ian SocSocietiety of y of DowDowserserss[43][43]

•• SIDSIDG - SchoG - School of Inol of Indiadian Dowsn Dowsers aers and Gend Geomaomancyncy[44][44] •• JaJamemes Rs Ranandi di on on DoDowswsiningg[45][45]

•• ThThe Se Skekeptpticics Dis Dictctioionanaryry[46][46]- Includes details of various scientific tests.- Includes details of various scientific tests. •• AusAustratralialian Sken Skeptiptics Dcs Diviivininning Teg Testst[47][47]

•• An AAn Austustralralian ian teltelevievisiosion prn progrogramam[48][48]about the above divining test at Google Video.about the above divining test at Google Video. •• DoDowswsining Ig In Cn Cononnenectcticicutut[49][49]- by Perry DeAngelis- by Perry DeAngelis

•• "B"Beyeyonond Sd Scicienencece" v" vidideoeo[50][50]PBS showPBS showScientific American FrontiersScientific American Frontiers on dowsing featuring Ray Hyman,on dowsing featuring Ray Hyman, November 19, 1997

November 19, 1997

•• ExpExperierimenmental tal proprotoctocol: ol: DowDowsinsingg [51][51]- Scientific test conducted by the Observatoire Zetetique- Scientific test conducted by the Observatoire Zetetique •• The SThe Straightraight Dopt Dope: Doee: Does dows dowsing sing for wafor water reter really ally work?work?[52][52]

(2007) (2007)

References

[1]

[1] Kenney, AnKenney, Andrew. The Herald drew. The Herald (Johnson (Johnson County, NoCounty, North Carolina) rth Carolina) (http://www.(http://www.theherald-nc.theherald-nc.com); "Grave Hunters." http://www.com); "Grave Hunters." http://www. theherald-nc.

theherald-nc.com/front/story/10836.com/front/story/10836.html; 29 July 2009, page 1. Article also reproduced as a html; 29 July 2009, page 1. Article also reproduced as a source document at WeRelate (http://www.source document at WeRelate (http://www. werelate.

werelate.org/wiki/Source:United_States,_North_Carolina,_Johnston.org/wiki/Source:United_States,_North_Carolina,_Johnston._Grave_Hunters)._Grave_Hunters). [2]

[2] Discovering Dowsing and Divining Discovering Dowsing and Divining, p. 5 (http://books., p. 5 (http://books.google.google.co.co.uk/books?id=8vuk/books?id=8vBAX1_UPGsC&pg=PABAX1_UPGsC&pg=PA5), 5), Peter Peter NaylorNaylor [3]

[3] As translated froAs translated from a preface of thm a preface of the Kassel experimee Kassel experiments, "roughly nts, "roughly 10,000 active 10,000 active dowsers in Gedowsers in Germanyrmanyalonealonecan generate acan generate a conservatively-estim

conservatively-estimated annual revenue of ated annual revenue of more than 100 million DM more than 100 million DM (US$50 million)". GWUP-Psi-Tests 2004: Keine Million Dollar (US$50 million)". GWUP-Psi-Tests 2004: Keine Million Dollar fürfür PSI-Fähigkeiten (http://www.

PSI-Fähigkeiten (http://www.gwup.gwup.org/psitest/) (in German) and English version (http://www.org/psitest/) (in German) and English version (http://www.phact.phact.org/e/z/kassel.org/e/z/kassel.htm).htm). [4]

[4] WillWilliam Barreiam Barrett and Theott and Theodore Besdore Bestermaterman.n.The Divining Rod: The Divining Rod: An Experimental and Psychological Investigation.An Experimental and Psychological Investigation.(1926) Kessinger Publishing,(1926) Kessinger Publishing, 2004: p.7

2004: p.7 [5]

[5] MichMichel el EugènEugène Ce Chevrhevreul,eul, De La Baguette Divinatoire du pendule dit explorateur at des table tournants au point de vue de l'histoire, de la De La Baguette Divinatoire du pendule dit explorateur at des table tournants au point de vue de l'histoire, de la critique, and de la

critique, and de la méthode expérimentaleméthode expérimentale, Paris, 1854. ", Paris, 1854. " Le père Gaspard Schott (jés.) Le père Gaspard Schott (jés.) considère l'usage de la baguette comme considère l'usage de la baguette comme superstitieuxsuperstitieux ou plutôt diabolique, mais des renseignements qui lui

ou plutôt diabolique, mais des renseignements qui lui furent donnés plus tard par des furent donnés plus tard par des hommes qu'il considérait comme religieux et hommes qu'il considérait comme religieux et probe, luiprobe, lui firent dire dans une notation à ce passage, qu'il ne voudrait pas assurer que le demon fait toujours

firent dire dans une notation à ce passage, qu'il ne voudrait pas assurer que le demon fait toujourstournertournerla baguette.la baguette." (" ( Physica Curiosa Physica Curiosa,, 1662, lib. XII, cap. IV,

1662, lib. XII, cap. IV, pag. 1527). See facsimile (http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kzsAAAAAQAAJ) on Google Bookspag. 1527). See facsimile (http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kzsAAAAAQAAJ) on Google Books [6]

[6] BYU Studies BYU StudiesVolume 24: "The Mature Joseph Smith and Treasure Searching," by Richard Lloyd AndersonVolume 24: "The Mature Joseph Smith and Treasure Searching," by Richard Lloyd Anderson [7]

[7] FIX ME (could not access enFIX ME (could not access entire article) Claudia Sandlin (19tire article) Claudia Sandlin (1989-11-30). "Divin89-11-30). "Divining Ways; Dowsers Using Ways; Dowsers Use Ancient Art in Many Kinds e Ancient Art in Many Kinds of of Searches" (http://www.

Searches" (http://www.highbeam.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1225953.com/doc/1P2-1225953.html).html).Washington Post Washington Post . . "[Louis Matacia] worked as a Marine Corps analyst at. . "[Louis Matacia] worked as a Marine Corps analyst at Quantico during The Vietnam War teaching Marines how to dowse..."

Quantico during The Vietnam War teaching Marines how to dowse..." [8

[8]] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.devondowsers.devondowsers.co.co.uk/whatis.htmuk/whatis.htm [9

[9]] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.randi.randi.org/library/dowsing/ org/library/dowsing/ [10]

[10] Marks, David Marks, David F. (March 13F. (March 13, 1986). , 1986). "Investigating "Investigating the paranormthe paranormal".al". Nature Nature(Nature Publishing Group)(Nature Publishing Group)320320: 119: 119 – – 124.124.

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doi:10.1038/320569b0. ISSN 20569b0. ISSN 0028-08360028-0836.. [11

[11]] WilWillialiamsomson, Tn, T.. New Scientist New Scientist 8181, 371 (1979), 371 (1979) [1

[12]2] RoRocacardrd, Y., Y. La Recherche 12 La Recherche12, 792 (1981), 792 (1981) [13]

[13] PrestPresti, D. i, D. & Pe& Pettgrettgrew, J.w, J. Nature Nature 285285, 99 (1980), 99 (1980) [1

[14]4] BaBakeker, r, R.R. Nature Nature 301301, 78 (1983), 78 (1983) [15]

[15] OnglOngley, P. (1948ey, P. (1948). "New Zeala). "New Zealand Divinnd Diviners".ers". New Zealand Journal of Science and New Zealand Journal of Science and TechnologyTechnology 3030: 38: 38 – – 54. via Hines, Terence (2003).54. via Hines, Terence (2003).

Pseudoscience and the Paranormal

Pseudoscience and the Paranormal(Second ed.). Amherst, New (Second ed.). Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. p. 420. IYork: Prometheus Books. p. 420. I SBN 97815739297SBN 9781573929790.90. [16]

[16] VogtVogt, Evon Z, Evon Z.; Ray Hy.; Ray Hyman (1man (1979979).).Water Witching U.S.A.Water Witching U.S.A.(2nd ed.). Chicago: Chicago University Press. (2nd ed.). Chicago: Chicago University Press. ISBN 97802268629ISBN 9780226862972. via Hines,72. via Hines, Terence (2003).

Terence (2003). Pseudoscience and the Pseudoscience and the ParanormalParanormal(Second ed.). Amherst, New (Second ed.). Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. p. 420. ISBN York: Prometheus Books. p. 420. ISBN 978157399781573929790.29790. [17]

[17] Wagner, H., H.-D. Betz, and H. L. KönigWagner, H., H.-D. Betz, and H. L. König, 1990. Schlußberich, 1990. Schlußbericht 01 KB8602, But 01 KB8602, Bundesministerium ndesministerium für Forschung und für Forschung und Technologie. As quoTechnologie. As quotedted by Enright in

by Enright inSkeptical Enquirer Skeptical Enquirer

[18]

[18] Enright, Jim T. Enright, Jim T. (Jan/Feb 1999(Jan/Feb 1999). "The Failure of ). "The Failure of the Munich Expthe Munich Experiments" (http://www.eriments" (http://www.csicop.csicop.org/si/show/ org/si/show/ testing_dowsin

testing_dowsing_the_failure_of_thg_the_failure_of_the_munich_exe_munich_experiments).periments).Skeptical Inquirer Skeptical Inquirer . Paul Kurtz. . . Paul Kurtz. . Retrieved 2006-11-14Retrieved 2006-11-14. "The researchers. "The researchers themselves concluded that the outcome unquestionably demonstrated successful dowsing abilities, but a thoughtful re-examination of the themselves concluded that the outcome unquestionably demonstrated successful dowsing abilities, but a thoughtful re-examination of the datadata indicates that such an interpretation can only be regarded as

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[19]

[19] Enright, J. Enright, J. T. 1995. T. 1995. Water dowsinWater dowsing: The Sg: The Scheunen expcheunen experiments (httperiments (http://www.springerlink.://www.springerlink.com/content/n43h56431w17j5v7/ com/content/n43h56431w17j5v7/ ?p=87fa35b76

?p=87fa35b761de4e7dbf1cd1de4e7dbf1cdcd4d317f48bcd4d317f48b&pi=4).&pi=4). Naturwissenschaften Naturwissenschaften82: 360-369.82: 360-369. [20]

[20] Betz, H.-D., H. L. KönBetz, H.-D., H. L. König, R. Kulzer, R. ig, R. Kulzer, R. Trischler, and J. WTrischler, and J. Wagner. 1996. Doagner. 1996. Dowsing reviewedwsing reviewed — — the effect persists (http://www.the effect persists (http://www.springerlink.springerlink.

com/content/x5p4458g

com/content/x5p4458g31777814/?p=831777814/?p=87fa35b761de7fa35b761de4e7dbf1cdcd4d4e7dbf1cdcd4d317f48b&pi=5).317f48b&pi=5). Naturwissenschaften Naturwissenschaften83: 272-275.83: 272-275. [21]

[21] Ertel, S. (May, 199Ertel, S. (May, 1996). "The dowsin6). "The dowsing data defy Eng data defy Enright's unfavorabright's unfavorable verdict" (http://www.le verdict" (http://www.springerlink.springerlink.com/content/ com/content/ h7577m1087734mlh/).

h7577m1087734mlh/). Naturwissenschaften Naturwissenschaften(Springer Berlin / Heidelberg)(Springer Berlin / Heidelberg)8383(5): 232(5): 232 – – 235. doi:10.1007/BF01143332. ISSN 1432-1904. .235. doi:10.1007/BF01143332. ISSN 1432-1904. .

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[22] Enright, J. Enright, J. T. (June, 1T. (June, 1996). "Dowsers 996). "Dowsers lost in lost in a Barn" (htta Barn" (http://www.springerlink.p://www.springerlink.com/content/km4q44357k557w90/).com/content/km4q44357k557w90/). Naturwissenschaften Naturwissenschaften

(Springer Berlin / Heidelberg)

(Springer Berlin / Heidelberg)8383(6): 275(6): 275 – – 277. doi:10.1007/BF011277. doi:10.1007/BF01149601. ISSN 49601. ISSN 1432-19041432-1904. . . Retrieved . Retrieved 2009-09-262009-09-26..

[23]

[23] GWUP-Psi-Tests GWUP-Psi-Tests 2004: 2004: Keine Million Keine Million Dollar für Dollar für PSI-Fähigkeiten PSI-Fähigkeiten (http://www.gwup.(http://www.gwup.org/psitest/) (in German) and English versionorg/psitest/) (in German) and English version (http://www.

(http://www.phact.phact.org/e/z/kassel.org/e/z/kassel.htm).htm). [24]

[24] Harvalik, Z. V. (1978). "AnatoHarvalik, Z. V. (1978). "Anatomical localization of humical localization of human detection of weak electman detection of weak electromagnetic radiation: exromagnetic radiation: experiments with dowperiments with dowsers.".sers.". Physiol Physiol Chem Phys

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[25] Guide for the Selection oGuide for the Selection of Commercial Explosivf Commercial Explosives Detection Systems foes Detection Systems for Law Enforcement Applicatior Law Enforcement Applications (NIJ Guide 100-99ns (NIJ Guide 100-99), Chapter 7.), Chapter 7. WARNING: DO NOT BUY BOGUS EXPLOSIVES DETECTION EQUIPMENT (http://www.

WARNING: DO NOT BUY BOGUS EXPLOSIVES DETECTION EQUIPMENT (http://www.ncjrs.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/178913-2.gov/pdffiles1/nij/178913-2.pdf)pdf) [26]

[26] Double-Blind Double-Blind Field Evaluation Field Evaluation of the MOLE Progof the MOLE Programmable Detection rammable Detection System, [[Sandia NaSystem, [[Sandia National Laboratories tional Laboratories (http://www.(http://www. justnet. justnet.org/ org/ Lists/JUSTNET

Lists/JUSTNET Resources/Attachments/440/moleevResources/Attachments/440/moleeval_apr02.al_apr02.pdf)]]pdf)]] [27]

[27] Iraq Swears Iraq Swears by Boby Bomb Detectomb Detector U.S. Sr U.S. Sees as ees as Useless (hUseless (http://www.nytimes.ttp://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/04/world/middleeast/04sensors.com/2009/11/04/world/middleeast/04sensors.html?_r=1&html?_r=1& ref=world)

ref=world) [28]

[28] A Direct, SpeA Direct, Specific, Challenge cific, Challenge From James From James Randi and Randi and the JREF the JREF (http://www.randi.(http://www.randi.org/site/index.org/site/index.php/swift-blog/ php/swift-blog/ 231-a-direct-specific-challenge-from-james-randi-and-the-jref.

231-a-direct-specific-challenge-from-james-randi-and-the-jref.html)html) [29]

[29] "'Bo"'Bomb detectmb detector' makeor' maker arrested" (htr arrested" (http://netp://news.ws.bbc.bbc.co.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8476381.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8476381.stm).stm). BBC News BBC News. 2010-01-23. . Retrieved 2010-05-01.. 2010-01-23. . Retrieved 2010-05-01. [30]

[30] "Government "Government statement statement on 'boon 'bomb detectomb detectors' ban" rs' ban" (http://news.(http://news.bbc.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/8475875.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/8475875.stm).stm). BBC News BBC News.. 2010-01-22. . Retrieved

2010-01-22. . Retrieved 2010-05-012010-05-01.. [31]

[31] Test Report: The Test Report: The detection capabdetection capabilities of the SNIFFilities of the SNIFFEX explosive dEX explosive detector, p.8 (http:etector, p.8 (http://s3.//s3.amazonaws.amazonaws.com/propublica/assets/docs/ com/propublica/assets/docs/ NavyReport.

NavyReport.pdf)pdf) [3

[32]2] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.cnn.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/02/16/thailand.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/02/16/thailand.bomb.scanner/index.bomb.scanner/index.html?eref=rss_topstories&html?eref=rss_topstories& utm_source=feedb

utm_source=feedburner&utm_mediumurner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+rss/cnn_topstories+(RSS:+Top=Feed:+rss/cnn_topstories+(RSS:+Top+Stories)+Stories) [3

[33]3] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.e-k9.e-k9.net/gt200main.net/gt200main.phpphp [34]

[34] Tom Tom Lethbridge's Lethbridge's dowsing dowsing measurments measurments (http://www.(http://www.thewhitegoddess.co.thewhitegoddess.co.uk/articles/general_pagan/dowsing.uk/articles/general_pagan/dowsing.asp)asp) [35

[35]] htthttp://p://newnews.s.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/05/060522-robots.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/05/060522-robots.htmlhtml [3

[36]6] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.dowsingarchaeology.org.uk/Pages/Page0.dowsingarchaeology.org.uk/Pages/Page0.htmhtm [3

[37]7] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.tricksterbook.tricksterbook.com/ArticlesOnline/Dowsing.com/ArticlesOnline/Dowsing.htmhtm [3

[38]8] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.landspurg.landspurg.com/html/en/ com/html/en/ [3

[39]9] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.dowsingworks.dowsingworks.com/ com/ [4

[40]0] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.digitaldowsers.digitaldowsers.org/ org/ [4

[41]1] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.dowsers.dowsers.org/ org/ [4

[42]2] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.britishdowsers.britishdowsers.org/ org/ [4

[43]3] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.canadiandowsers.canadiandowsers.org/ org/ [4

[44]4] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.indiandowsers.indiandowsers.org/ org/ [4

[45]5] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.randi.randi.org/library/dowsing/ org/library/dowsing/ [46

[46]] htthttp://p://skeskepdipdic.c.com/dowsing.htmlcom/dowsing.html [4

[47]7] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.skeptics.skeptics.com.com.au/publications/articles/australian-skeptics-divining-test/ au/publications/articles/australian-skeptics-divining-test/ [48

[48]] htthttp://p://vidvideo.eo.google.google.com/videoplay?docidcom/videoplay?docid=7461912=7461912885649996885649996034034 [4

[49]9] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.theness.theness.com/articles.asp?id=57com/articles.asp?id=57 [5

[50]0] hthttptp://://vvvvi.i.onstreammedia.onstreammedia.com/cgi-bin/visearch?user=pbs-saf&template=template.com/cgi-bin/visearch?user=pbs-saf&template=template.html&squery=Beyond+Sciencehtml&squery=Beyond+Science [5

[51]1] hthttptp://://wwwww.w.zetetique.zetetique.fr/divers/Experiment%20-%20dowsing%20-%202007.fr/divers/Experiment%20-%20dowsing%20-%202007.pdf pdf [5

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Article Sources and Contributors

Dowsing

Dowsing SourceSource: : http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.phhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=363926029p?oldid=363926029 ContributorsContributors: 17boat, 999, Afluent Rider, Akeron, Alai, : 17boat, 999, Afluent Rider, Akeron, Alai, Alansohn, Alex Peppe, Alexlds, Alienlifeformz, Altenmann,Alansohn, Alex Peppe, Alexlds, Alienlifeformz, Altenmann, Amatulic, Andre Engels, Antelan, Anthony Appleyard, Anticipation of a New

Amatulic, Andre Engels, Antelan, Anthony Appleyard, Anticipation of a New Lover's Arrival, The, Anuraagvaidya, Appleseed, Art CLover's Arrival, The, Anuraagvaidya, Appleseed, Art C arlson, Arthur Warrington Thomas, Ask123, Aspro, Auntarlson, Arthur Warrington Thomas, Ask123, Aspro, Aunt Entropy, Beetstra, BillC, Billwhittaker, BlackAndy, Bobo192, Bobstay, B

Entropy, Beetstra, BillC, Billwhittaker, BlackAndy, Bobo192, Bobstay, B ongwarrior, Brinerustle, Bryan Derksen, BullRangifer, CDN99, ongwarrior, Brinerustle, Bryan Derksen, BullRangifer, CDN99, Captain Disdain, CatchE22, Cdynas, Charliemeyers,Captain Disdain, CatchE22, Cdynas, Charliemeyers, Chris the speller, ChrisO, CliffC, Coffee, Cédric Boissière, DE, DR04, Daveclarkecb, Davidhorman, Davkal, Dbachmann, Dchall1, Diberri, Diza, Dorien Thomas, Dr Amit K Saiya, Dr.K., Chris the speller, ChrisO, CliffC, Coffee, Cédric Boissière, DE, DR04, Daveclarkecb, Davidhorman, Davkal, Dbachmann, Dchall1, Diberri, Diza, Dorien Thomas, Dr Amit K Saiya, Dr.K., Dude33369, Dukemeiser, Dumbo1, Eggdude50770, Epbr123, Excirial, Exexpert, Famousdog, Favonian, FivePointPalmExplodingHeart, FrancisDrake, Fr

Dude33369, Dukemeiser, Dumbo1, Eggdude50770, Epbr123, Excirial, Exexpert, Famousdog, Favonian, FivePointPalmExplodingHeart, FrancisDrake, Fr eederick, Friday, Friman, Froth,eederick, Friday, Friman, Froth, Furrykef, GSlicer, Gabbe, Gaius

Furrykef, GSlicer, Gabbe, Gaius Cornelius, GarnetRChaney, Gary D, Geni, Cornelius, GarnetRChaney, Gary D, Geni, Geo8rge, Geoff B, Geotech, Geo8rge, Geoff B, Geotech, Gillyweed, Gingermint, Glenn, Globetour, Gores95, Guyonthesubway, HaeB, Haikupoet,Gillyweed, Gingermint, Glenn, Globetour, Gores95, Guyonthesubway, HaeB, Haikupoet, Harry Mudd, Hatmaskin, Havermayer, Heron, Herorev, Hosiah, Hu12, Idahorover, Infophile, Ino5hiro, Irbisgreif, Itai, Ixfd64, J.delanoy, JDCAce, Jason Recliner, Esq., Jcbutler, Jefffire, Jni, Harry Mudd, Hatmaskin, Havermayer, Heron, Herorev, Hosiah, Hu12, Idahorover, Infophile, Ino5hiro, Irbisgreif, Itai, Ixfd64, J.delanoy, JDCAce, Jason Recliner, Esq., Jcbutler, Jefffire, Jni, JoeSmack, John Turner 67, John.Conway, Johnuniq, JoshuaZ, Joyous!, Jusdafax,

JoeSmack, John Turner 67, John.Conway, Johnuniq, JoshuaZ, Joyous!, Jusdafax, Just plain Bill, Juxtatype, Jw21, JzG, Kaiwhakahaere, Kampen, Just plain Bill, Juxtatype, Jw21, JzG, Kaiwhakahaere, Kampen, Karada, Kcfru, KeithHilborn, Kenneth Cooke,Karada, Kcfru, KeithHilborn, Kenneth Cooke, Kingmundi, Kjkolb, Konusmotor, Kpjas, Kuebi, Kumioko, LabFox, Leandrod, LeoO3, Leperous,

Kingmundi, Kjkolb, Konusmotor, Kpjas, Kuebi, Kumioko, LabFox, Leandrod, LeoO3, Leperous, Liftarn, Linas, Lord Kenneth, LorenzoB, Lottiotta, Lowellian, Lozeldafan, Liftarn, Linas, Lord Kenneth, LorenzoB, Lottiotta, Lowellian, Lozeldafan, Luna Santin,Luna Santin, Madball9er, Malcolm Farmer, MarkAnthonyBoyle, MartinHarper, MartinPoulter, Martinphi, Mattingly23, Maustrauser, Maximus Rex, Mddake, Mellibere, Mentifisto, Metao, Michael Hardy, Madball9er, Malcolm Farmer, MarkAnthonyBoyle, MartinHarper, MartinPoulter, Martinphi, Mattingly23, Maustrauser, Maximus Rex, Mddake, Mellibere, Mentifisto, Metao, Michael Hardy, Michael Shields, MickWest, Minderbinder, Mlewis000, Monedula, Moriori, Mortene, Murderbike, Mütze, Neilbeach, Nemodomi, Nev1, Nightscream, Northmeister, NurseryRhyme, Osioni, Michael Shields, MickWest, Minderbinder, Mlewis000, Monedula, Moriori, Mortene, Murderbike, Mütze, Neilbeach, Nemodomi, Nev1, Nightscream, Northmeister, NurseryRhyme, Osioni, Otheus, Pablo X, Perfectblue97, Pesco, PeteShanosky, Phil Harley, PierreAbbat, Pigman, Pjacobi, PlasmaDragon, Plazak, Pramanujan, Pro Game Master87, Pseudomonas, Qutezuce, RPG Otheus, Pablo X, Perfectblue97, Pesco, PeteShanosky, Phil Harley, PierreAbbat, Pigman, Pjacobi, PlasmaDragon, Plazak, Pramanujan, Pro Game Master87, Pseudomonas, Qutezuce, RPG Advocate, Radionica VISAK, Ravanosh, Redheylin, Reywas92, Rich Farmbrough, Riluve, Rjwilmsi, Rodhullandemu, Ronz, RossPatterson, Rrburke, Ruakh, RyanGerbil10, Sam Hocevar, Advocate, Radionica VISAK, Ravanosh, Redheylin, Reywas92, Rich Farmbrough, Riluve, Rjwilmsi, Rodhullandemu, Ronz, RossPatterson, Rrburke, Ruakh, RyanGerbil10, Sam Hocevar, Sapphic, Satori Son, ScienceApologist, Secasc, Self-ref, Septegram, Shantavira, Shpoffo, Sig, Skeptic za, Smithbcs, Spdrder, Spinfisher, StaticGull, StoatBringer, Storkk, Stupid Corn, Sunray, Sapphic, Satori Son, ScienceApologist, Secasc, Self-ref, Septegram, Shantavira, Shpoffo, Sig, Skeptic za, Smithbcs, Spdrder, Spinfisher, StaticGull, StoatBringer, Storkk, Stupid Corn, Sunray, Synchronism, Tabithacat, Tappel, Tarquin, Taweetham, Tevildo, The

Synchronism, Tabithacat, Tappel, Tarquin, Taweetham, Tevildo, The Anome, Thenickdude, Thumperward, Timc, Timwi, Anome, Thenickdude, Thumperward, Timc, Timwi, Toby D, Tom Hartley, Tom harrison, Toby D, Tom Hartley, Tom harrison, TomEarth, Toussaint, Unibond,TomEarth, Toussaint, Unibond, Varnav, Vassyana, Verbal, Vsb, Warut, Wbrameld, WhoMadeGod, Wik, WikHead, WikiLambo, WinterSpw, WoweeeZoweee, Xenon chile, Yath, ZimZalaBim, Zuytdorp Survivor, 417 Varnav, Vassyana, Verbal, Vsb, Warut, Wbrameld, WhoMadeGod, Wik, WikHead, WikiLambo, WinterSpw, WoweeeZoweee, Xenon chile, Yath, ZimZalaBim, Zuytdorp Survivor, 417 anonymous edits

anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

Image:18th century dowser.jpg

Image:18th century dowser.jpg SourceSource: : http://en.wikipedia.org/w/ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:18th_century_dondex.php?title=File:18th_century_dowser.jpgwser.jpg License License: Public Domain: Public Domain ContributorsContributors: Akeron, Skipjack, 3 anonymous edits: Akeron, Skipjack, 3 anonymous edits File:Houten wichelroede.jpg

File:Houten wichelroede.jpg SourceSource: : http://en.wikipedia.org/w/inhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Houten_wichelroede.jpgdex.php?title=File:Houten_wichelroede.jpg License License: GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License ContributorsContributors: Original uploader was: Original uploader was Rinus at nl.wikipedia

Rinus at nl.wikipedia File:Allemanswiro.jpg

File:Allemanswiro.jpg SourceSource: : http://en.wikipedia.org/w/ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Allemanswiro.jpgndex.php?title=File:Allemanswiro.jpg License License: GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License ContributorsContributors: Original uploader was Rinus at: Original uploader was Rinus at nl.wikipedia

nl.wikipedia File:Wrlhout1.jpg

File:Wrlhout1.jpg SourceSource: : http://en.wikipedia.org/w/inhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Wrlhout1.jpgdex.php?title=File:Wrlhout1.jpg License License: GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License ContributorsContributors: Original uploader was Rinus at nl.wikipedia: Original uploader was Rinus at nl.wikipedia

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Dowsing

Dowsing

Dowsing

History

History

Dowsing rods

Dowsing rods

Revelatory rods

Revelatory rods

Other equipment used for dowsing

Other equipment used for dowsing

Suggested explanations

Suggested explanations

Evidence

Evidence

Commercial and "hi-tech" dowsing devices

Commercial and "hi-tech" dowsing devices

List of well-known dowsers

List of well-known dowsers

See also

See also

External links

External links

References

References

Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

License

License