Piping Fabrication

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR

PIPEWORK FABRICATION

SCOPE

SCOPE

 

 

_{This standard specifies the requirements for welded}

_{This standard specifies the requirements for welded}

fabrication, inspection and testing of pressure and process

fabrication, inspection and testing of pressure and process

containing piping and all welded attachments to that piping.

containing piping and all welded attachments to that piping.

MATERIALS

MATERIALS

 

 

_{arbon and arbon Manganese Steels ! "  # Mn $}

_{arbon and arbon Manganese Steels ! "  # Mn $}

 

 

_{Low Allo% Steels}

_{Low Allo% Steels}

 

 

 _Austeniti

 _{Austenitic Stainles}

_{c Stainless Steels !&}

_{s Steels !&}

_{' r # ' (i$}

_{' r # ' (i$}

 

 

_{)erritic Stainless Steels}

_{)erritic Stainless Steels}

 

 

_{u #}

_{u # (i Al}

_{(i Al}

_lo%s

_lo%s

 

SCOPE

SCOPE

 

 

_{This standard specifies the requirements for welded}

_{This standard specifies the requirements for welded}

fabrication, inspection and testing of pressure and process

fabrication, inspection and testing of pressure and process

containing piping and all welded attachments to that piping.

containing piping and all welded attachments to that piping.

MATERIALS

MATERIALS

 

 

_{arbon and arbon Manganese Steels ! "  # Mn $}

_{arbon and arbon Manganese Steels ! "  # Mn $}

 

 

_{Low Allo% Steels}

_{Low Allo% Steels}

 

 

 _Austeniti

 _{Austenitic Stainles}

_{c Stainless Steels !&}

_{s Steels !&}

_{' r # ' (i$}

_{' r # ' (i$}

 

 

_{)erritic Stainless Steels}

_{)erritic Stainless Steels}

 

 

_{u #}

_{u # (i Al}

_{(i Al}

_lo%s

_lo%s

 

*ES A(*

*ES A(*

STA

STA

(*AR*S

(*AR*S

 

 

 _{ASME -&.& !/owe}

 _{ASME -&.& !/owe}

_{r /iping$}

_{r /iping$}

 

 

 _{ASME -&. !/rocess /iping$}

 _{ASME -&. !/rocess /iping$}

 

 

_{I-R Standard !Steam Ser0ice$}

_{I-R Standard !Steam Ser0ice$}

 

 

 _{A/I R/ 1'2 !3elding 4uide}

 _{A/I R/ 1'2 !3elding 4uide}

_{lines for the }

_{lines for the }

_{hemical, il, and}

_{hemical, il, and}

_{4as Industries}

_{4as Industries}

_$

_$

 

 

 _{ASME Section I}

 _{ASME Section I}

_{5 !3elding and -ra6}

_{5 !3elding and -ra6}

_{ing 7ualificati}

_{ing 7ualificati}

_ons$

_ons$

 

 

_{(AE MR 8&8 " (AE R/ 89:2 !Sour Ser0ice$}

_{(AE MR 8&8 " (AE R/ 89:2 !Sour Ser0ice$}

 

 

 _{A/I ;9& !<%dro}

 _{A/I ;9& !<%dro}

_{gen Ser0ice}

_{gen Ser0ice}

_$

_$

 

 

_{ES # 29 !/ipe )abrication Institute Standard$}

_{ES # 29 !/ipe )abrication Institute Standard$}

 

 

 _{ASME -&=.21 !)or}

 _{ASME -&=.21 !)or}

_{/ipe length a}

_{/ipe length a}

_{nd butt weld fit}

_{nd butt weld fit}

_tings$

_tings$

/R>ET S/E

/R>ET S/E

I)IAT

I)IAT

I(?

I(?

 

 

_{/*R/ # '28 # S/ # 888& !/ipe lass Inde+$}

_{/*R/ # '28 # S/ # 888& !/ipe lass Inde+$}

 

 

_{/*R/ # '998 # S/ # 888; !Submission of welding and manufacturing}

_{/*R/ # '998 # S/ # 888; !Submission of welding and manufacturing}

procedures$

procedures$

WELD DESIGN

-@TT 3EL*S?

 

_{Spool pieces shall ha0e e+cess &88 mm plain end length on one}

component of the oint.

RA*IAL MISALI4(ME(T?

 

_{ThicBness up to &1 mm C D &.1 mm is allowed.}

 

_{ThicBness greater than &1 mm C D 2.1 mm is allowed.}

 

_{E+cess internal misalignment shall be corrected b% machining pipe ends !It}

should not reduce the required wall thicBness$

)LA(4ES?

 

_{The distance from the flange face to the pipe end  the pipe wall thicBness}

*IME(SI(AL TLERA(ES?

@TTI(4 A(* 3EL* /RE/ARATI(?

/R<I-ITI(S?

 

_{)or Stainless steels, thermal cutting shall be limited to plasma arc. Arc #}

gouging and o+% # gas methods are specificall% prohibited.

 

_{)or all materials, e+ca0ation of defects and bacB gouging b% o+% gas}

method is prohibited.

Up to and including(mm) Nom pipe size(inches) (+/-) Tolerances(mm) 218 &8 .2 ;88 = 9.' &288 9' 1.= &188 =8 =.9 &'88 :2 :

*RESSI(4 A)TER T<ERMAL @TTI(4?

 

_{<eat affected base metal shall be remo0ed b% grinding or}

machining bacB the cut edge b% at least &.1 mm.

 

 _{All thermall% cut edges of low allo% steels shall be e+amined b%}

the magnetic particle method to demonstrate freedom from

cracBs.

LEA(I(4 /RIR T 3EL*I(4?

 

_{Minimum of 21 mm of adacent material shall be thoroughl%}

cleaned of contaminants which could ad0ersel% affect weld

qualit%.

 

_{)or opperG(icBel and (icBel based allo%s, the oint area shall}

WELDING

3EL*I(4 /RE*@RE S/EI)IATI( !3/S$?

 

 _{All 3/S shall be submitted for re0iew b% IL in accordance with /*R/ #}

''98 # S/ # 888;

3EL*I(4 /RESSES?

 Acceptable 3elding /rocesses

 

_{SMA3 or MMA !Shielded Metal Arc 3elding or Manual Metal Arc$}

 

_{4TA3 or TI4 !4as Tungsten Arc 3elding or Tungsten Inert 4as$}

 

_{SA3 !Submerged Arc 3elding$}

 

_{)A3 !)lu+ ored Arc 3elding$}

/R<I-ITI(S?

 

_{In 4TA3 Arc ignition b% touch start is prohibited. # <) to be used}

 

_{In )A3 self shielded is prohibited.}

 

_{T # 2 " T # 1 t%pe wires shall not be used for 0ertical # up welding.}

 

_{)A3 shall be limited to carbon steel and austenitic stainless steels.}

>I(T *ETAILS?

)@LL /E(ETRATI( 3EL*S?

 

_{SMA3 electrode diameter for the root pass in HH (/S shall not e+ceed 2.1}

mm.!)or carbon and low allo% steels with up to 2 r $

 

_{4TA3 shall be used for root pass in less than HH (/S.}

/R<I-ITI(S?

 

_{-acBing Strips and E- t%pe inserts are prohibited.}

 

_{Jertical down welding is prohibited.}

3EL*I(4 (S@MA-LES?

 

_{3elding consumables with the designation E55T # 4 or ER55S # 4 shall}

not be used.

S<IEL*I(4G /@R4E 4ASES?

 

_{Inert gas shall contain not more than 2 o+%gen for 4TA3 or 4MA3 of}

 Austenitic stainless steel.

 

_{Shielding and purging gases for 4TA3 welding of (i allo%s shall be in high}

purit% !;;.;;$ argon or helium.

I(TER /ASS TEM/ERAT@RES?

 

_{Low allo% and )erritic Stainless steels # &1 }

_⁰

 

_{arbon steels # &1 }

_⁰

 

 _{Austenitic Stainless steel # &:1 }

_⁰

 

_{(icBel and u # (i allo%s # &:1 }

_⁰

 

_{Inter pass temperature should not fall below the specified preheat temperature}

until the completion of not less than 8 of final weld depth.

 

_{/iping shall not be mo0ed until at least 18 of final weld depth is complete.}

/3<T?

 

_{(o welding shall be performed after /3<T}

 

 _{Austenitic stainless steel shall not be /ost 3eld heat treated.}

 3EL*I(4 /RE*@RE 7@ALI)IATI(

ESSE(TIAL A(* S@//LEME(TARK ESSE(TIAL JARIA-LES?

 

 _{An increase in the specified current range.}

 

 _{An increase in the ma+imum electrode diameter.}

 

 _{An increase in the width of wea0e or a change from string to wea0e bead}

technique.

 

 _{An increase in ma+imum interpass temperature abo0e 218 .}

_⁰

POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT(PWHT)

Notes:

  _{E+cept where specificall% required b% the go0erning code, or called for in the piping class for process}

or other reason, /3<T is not generall% required for carbon steel up to an including &; mm thicB .

  _{3here specificall% agreed in writing with IL, /3<T is not required for small bore!&.1 (S and}

below$

  _{socBet welds performed using S)AC1.&& E(ir)eC2 or S)AC1.&9 ER(irC consumables.}

Material Type Thickness

(mm) Min Holding Temperature ( )⁰ Time at Holding Temperatures(Min) !er mm Minimum

arbon Steel @p to &;!a$ 0er &;!a$ 1;1 1;1 2.1 2.1 =8 =8 & r # 8.1 Mo r  &.21 r # 8.1 Mo  All !b$ :89 2.1 &28 2.21 r # Mo All !b$ :89 2.1 &28 1 r # 8.1 Mo r  ; r # & Mo  All !b$ :8 2.1 &28

/7R TESTI(4 RE7@IREME(T?

 

_{Test welds for carbon and low allo% steels shall be subect to a &8 g}

JicBers hardness sur0e% of the weld.

 

_{The ma+imum hardness shall not e+ceed 29' <J&8.}

(( *ESTR@TIJE E5AMI(ATI( !(*E$ A(* TESTI(4

 

_{3here e0er the e+tent indicated is &8 this is defined as &88}

e+amination of & in &8 of those welds indicated.

 

_{(*E shall be performed within 9' hours after completion of each weld.}

 

_{Root runs ma% be subect to &8 M/I or */I at the discretion of the}

responsible engineers.

RT?

 

 _{All shop e+amination up to and including 21 mm total wall thicBness shall}

use 5 ra%s

 

_{)or abo0e 21 mm, 4amma ra%s shall be used.}

 

_{Sensiti0it% shall be 2.}

 

_{3here e0er radiograph% is impractical, ultrasonic e+amination ma% be used}

NON DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION(NDE) AND TESTING

"#$M%N$T%&N '$:

   _{All (*E shall follow the}

requirements of ASME *,* Notes:

a$ This table is for information

onl% .

b$ (on ha6ardous duties onl%

!below 988 $⁰

c$ /ipe in the following ser0ices

Shall be treated as lass I *isregarding the pressure Rating

 ) Sulphuric acid

 ) _{SS pipe in cr%ogenic ser0ice}  ) _{<%drogen ser0ice}

 ) _{hlorine ser0ice}

 ) < S!-oth wet and <igh₂ Temperature ser0ice$

 ) _{%clic and Amine ser0ice}

Materials "amination lass($M" .ating) lass I!c$ lass II lass III lass IJ arbon Steel ;88 # 2188 &18 # =88 C &18 !b$ Low allo% steel &18 # 2188 C C C ement lined .S C C All C  Austenitic S.S ;88 # 2188 &18 # =88 C C upro # (icBel &18 # 2188 C C C Titanium &18 # 2188 C C C *uple+ S.S &18 # 2188 C C C (icBel allo% &18 # 2188 C C C

EXTEND OF NDE

"amination lass "amination methods $pplicale materials utt 0elds ranch 0elds 1illet/ock et 0elds $ttach-ment 0elds I Jisual Radiograph% !note a$ Mag /article *%e /enetrant  All  All S,LAS  Aus S.S *uple+ S.S " (on ferrous &88 &88 &88!h $ &88 &88 C &88!g, h$ &88!g$ &88 !note b$ &88 &88 &88 (R &88 &88 II Jisual Radiograph% !note a$ Mag particle *%e /enetrant  All  All S,Aus S.S S.S " (on ferrous &88 &8 &8 &8 &88 C &8!g$ &8!g$ &88 &8!note b$ &8 &8 &88 (R &8 &8 III!note c$ Jisual Mag particle S S &88 (A &88 (A &88 &88 &88 &88

N$? (ot Applicable N.? (ot Required

(TES?

a$As per &&.9.2 ultrasonic e+amination ma% be utili6ed when radiograph% is inappropriate.

b$Radiograph% ma% be used to 0erif% correct gap for socBet welding. c$E+amination lass III is applicable to carbon steel concrete lined pipe.

d$E+amination lass IJ will not normall% be used on pressure containing pipe worB. e$)ire water Ser0ices? &8 Radiograph%

 Amine Ser0ices? &88 Radiograph%

oncrete lined site oints? Random radiograph% f$Including seal welds of threaded oints

g$)or branch welds, the required */IGM/I shall appl% to the root pass and final pass.

h$)or butt welds in carbon steel and an% low allo% steel piping classes designated for (AE MR 8&8 dut%, the M/I shall be?

a.The * prod method permitted onl% for nonCimpact tested carbon steel piping

that is not subect to /3<T. An% arc striBes resulting from this method shall be dressed out. b.All other materialGser0ice combinations shall use the electormagnetic A %oBe method. c.M/I of welds shall include a minimum of 21 mm of base material either side of the weld centerline.

If the e+tent indicated is &8, this is defined as &88 e+amination of & i n &8 of 

)those welds indicated

)The first fi0e production welds b% each welder should be e+amined shall co0er

/R*@TI( <AR*(ESS TESTI(4?

 

_{/roduction macro # hardness 0alues shall not e+ceed 288 -<( for carbon}

steel welds or 221 -<( for allo% steel welds.

/RESS@RE TESTI(4?

 

_{The chloride content of the h%dro test water for austenitic stainless steels}

shall not e+ceed 8 ppm and the h%dro test temperature shall not e+ceed

18 

⁰

/R*@TI( ALLK <E A(ALKSIS?

 

 _{Austenitic stainless steel weld subect to stress relief or ser0ice o0er 188 ,}

_⁰

shall be subected to a minimum of  ferrite checBs per weld.

 

_{3ith minimum of & ferrite checB per 288 mm length of manual welds.}

 

_{)errite le0els shall be in the range of  to &8.}

 

_{hecBing shall be performed before /3<T b% using NN)erritescope or}

RE/AIRS

 

_{Repairs or not permitted for use on 88 series stainless steels or non #}

ferrous allo%s.

 

_{@nacceptable flaws found during (*E shall be repaired in accordance with}

an appro0ed repair procedure.

RER*S

 

_{The contractor shall maintain accurate and up to date records of piping}

fabrication for each isometric or contractors piping spool drawing.

Material Ma no o2 permitted

repair attempts per 0eld

S D 88O 

S P 88O 2

S 2

Low allo% steel 2

 Austenitic S.S 2

.1  (i steel 2

WELDING CONSUMABLES FOR SPECIFIC MATERIALS

ase material onsumale classi2ication per $M" %% !art 

SMA3 Electrode 4TA3 or 4MA3 wire

arbon steel S)A # 1.& or 1.1 E:8&1G&= or &'!or S)A # 1.& E=8&8G&&G&2 or & up to & mm weld thicBness, with out notch toughness requirement$

S)A C 1.&' ER:8S #  or =

Low allo% steels?!c$ &.21 r # 8.1 Mo 2.21 r # & Mo 1 r # 8.1 Mo ; r # & Mo

S)AC1.1 E'8&= or &'C-2 S)AC1.1 E;8&1G&= or &'C-2 S)AC1.9 E182C&1 or &=

S)AC1.9 E181C&1 or &=

S)AC1.2' ER'8SC-2 S)AC1.2' ER;8SC- S)AC1.; ER182 S)AC1.; ER181  Austenitic S.S? T%pe 89!a$ T%pe 8=!a$

T%pe 2& or 9:!a$

S)AC1.9 E8'C&1 or &=!a$ S)AC1.9 E&=C&1 or &=!a$ S)AC1.9 E9:C&1 or &=!a$

!wires also for SA3$ S)AC1.; ER8'!a$ S)AC1.; ER&=!a$ S)AC1.; ER9:!a$

WELDING CONSUMABLES FOR SPECIFIC MATERIALS continue…..

(icBel allo%s? (82288!(icBel 288$ !b$ (89988!Monel 988$ !b$ (8= = 88!Inconel = 88$ !b$ (8= = 21!Inconel = 21$ !b$ (8''&8!up to ;88 $⁰ !Incolo% '88<$ !b$ (8''&8!0er ;88 $⁰ !Incolo% '88<$ !b$ (8''21!Incolo% '21$ !b$ S)AC1.&& E(iC& S)AC1.&& E(iuC: S)AC1.&& E(ir)eC& or  S)AC1.&& E(irMoC S)AC1.&& E(irMoC2 S)AC1.&& E(irMoC Incolo% &1 !b$

!wires also for SA3$ S)AC1.&9 ER(iC& S)AC1.&9 ER(iuC: S)AC ER(irC S)AC1.&9 ER(irMoC S)AC1.&9 ER(ir C S)AC1.&9 ER(irMoC S)AC1.&9 Er(i)erC& uproC(icBel? : 8 = 88!;8G&8$ :&188!: 8G8$

S)AC1.= Eu(i or ;8G&8 u(i

S)AC1.= Eu(i

S)AC1.: ERu(i or ;8G&8 u(i *uple+ S.S? S)A 2281 )erralium Sand0icB 22.; LR Soudochrom 199 = 2 Metrode 2.;.LR )erralium 221<-Metrode 21.=.2 uR Sand0iB 22.'.L Metrode ER2;( Metrode ER221u

(otes?

a. 3here L or < grades, or other limits on composition are specified for 89,&=,2& or

9: then the appropriate limits shall also appl% to the welding consumables

b. Trade name of the I( group of companies

c. 3here specificall% agreed in writing with IL, small bore!&.1 (S and below$

socBetGfillet

welds, which will not be subect to /3<T, ma% be performed using S)AC1.&& E(ir)eC2 or  or S)AC1.&9 ER(irC consumables.

WELDING CONSUMABLES FOR DISSIMILAR METALS(!

1irst ase material econd ase

material

onsumale per $M" !art 

SMA3 electrode 4TA3 or

4MA3 wire arbon r   low allo% or )erritic S.S )erritic S.S or  Austenitic S.S!e$ r (icBel allo%s!e$

S)AC1.; E8; !a$!b$ r  S)AC1.&& E(ir)eC2 !c$ r  S)AC1.&& E(ir)eC!c$ S)AC1.; ER8; !a$ !b$ r  S)AC1.&9 ER(irC!c$

arbon steel (icBel allo% (89988 S)AC1.&& E(iuC: r  S)AC1.&& E(ir)eC2 r  S)AC1.&& E(ir)eC S)AC1.&& ER(iuC: r  S)AC1.&9 ER(irC

Low allo% steel ther low allo% steel onsumable to be selected per table & for carbon steel.

WELDING CONSUMABLES FOR DISSIMILAR METALS(! Continue…

arbon steel !f$ Low allo% steel onsumable to be selected

as per table & for carbon steel

arbon steel or Austenitic S.S

;8G&8 uproC(icBel S)AC1.&& E(ir)eC2 r  S)AC1.&& E(ir)eC S)AC1.&9 ER(irC (TES?

a$T%pe E&8 or ER&8 consumables are specificall% prohibited.

b$T%pe E8; or ER8; consumables shall not be used on nicBel allo%s, neither shall the% be used for design temperatures e+ceeding &1o_{ where the second base material is ferritic stainless steel.}

c$3hen welds can be e+posed to high temperature, sulphur bearing, reducing process conditions these high nicBel allo%s shall not be used

d$ 3here dissimilar base materials ha0e dissimilar /3<T requirements, the detail design, welding and

/3<T sequence shall be subect to agreement with IL. Specific requirements appl% per !e$ and !f$below.

e$ 3elding austenitic stainless steels or nicBel allo%s to low allo% or carbon steels requiring

/3<T?Q-utter low allo% or carbon steel with nominal mm weld metal before /3<T of low allo% or carbon steel part!s$.omplete weld to austenitic stainless steel or nicBel allo% without further /3<T. f$ 3elding carbon steels to low allo% steels?C Q-utterQ low allo% with nominal mm weld metal before

/3<T of low allo% part!s$. omplete weld to carbon steel without further /3<T unless required for carbon

MINIMUM PRE"EAT AND MA#IMUM INTER PASS TEMPERATURE

!,No Material type Nominal

thickness at 0eld(mm) Minimum preheat temperature(⁰ ) Maimum interpass temperature(⁰ )

& arbon steel T D &

&  T D 21 21  T D 18 T P18 &8 U$ % :1 &88 &18 &1  CVMo,MnCMo,MnCMoC(i, MnCMoCJ T D & &  T D 21 21  T D 18 T P 1 &8 U$ % :1 &88 &18 &1

9 &rCVMo, &W rCV Mo All &18 &1

1A

1-2W rC& Mo, rC&Mo

1rCVMo, ;rC&Mo All 288 &1

=": )erritic and Martensitic S.S All /er code$&% $&%

MINIMUM PRE"EAT AND MA#IMUM INTER PASS TEMPERATURE continue…..

!,No Material type Nominal

thickness at 0eld(mm) Minimum preheat temperature (3) 4⁽ ⁾ Maimum inter pass temperature(3 ) &&A " &&-(iCrCMo,MnCMoC(i, (iCrCMoCJ T D & &  T D 21 T P 21 &21 &18 &:1 &1 9C 1

uCbase allo%s All &8 U$ % &:1

9&C 91

(iCbase allo%s All &8 U$ % &:1

(otes?

&. /reheat temperatures are based on 'ml <2G&88g weld metal h%drogen le0els. Alternati0e preheat

temperatures ma% be calculated in accordance with E( &8&&C2, in which case, the 3/S and /7R shall show all limiting factors such as combined thicBness, E 0alue, weld metal h%drogen content and heat input or runCoutClength, upon which the preheat le0el is based.

2. /reheat requirements are based on con0entional carbon steel with E D 8.91 and S P 8.8&.

Low sulphur steels !S D 8.8&$ ma% be at higher risB of <AX h%drogen cold cracBing than con0entional carbon steels and fabricator shall re0iew the necessit% of increasing the preheat temperature or lowering the specified E 0alue for these steels based on fabricatorHs e+perience.

. (ot required other than to remo0e moisture prior to welding.

9. /reheat temperature for martensitic t%pe steels shall be 288Y minimum but shall not e+ceed the martensite finish !Mf$ temperature to ensure no untransformed austenite is present during /3<T. The ma+imum

"'DROGEN DIFFUSION "EAT TREATMENT  LOW ALLO' STEELS Thickness

(mm)

Holding time in hours

&18Y 288Y 218Y 88Y

@p to &8 See note &

@p to 28 & & &

@p to 8 =  2 &

0er 8 &8 : 1 

(TES?

&.)or thicBnesses below &8mm the cooling from preheating to

ambient temperature shall be under an insulated co0er.

POST BENDING "EAT TREATMENT FOR CARBON STEELS

Material and ser5ice

Heat treatment

alculated elongation of outer fibre !e$ (ote !a$

e  1 1  e  &8 &8  e 28 e P 28 (onC impact

tested!Sour ser0ice not specified$ (o heat treatment required (o heat treatment required SR ( (onCimpact tested !Sour ser0ice not specified$ (o heat treatment required SR SR ( Impact tested!All ser0ices$ (o heat treatment required SR ( ( (otes?

SR Stress relie0e in accordance with Table 1 of this Standard.

)

SPECIFICATION FOR DUPLE# STAINLESS

STEEL

4E(ERAL?

  _{)abrication of these materials shall be carried out in an area separate from}

that used for carbonGlow allo% steels and copper allo%s.

  _{Saws, grinders and other tools used on duple+ stainless steel shall not be used on}

other materials.

  _{-are carbon steel material is not acceptable.}

3EL*I(4?

/RE/ARATI(?

  _{utting shall be b% cold sawing or plasma # arc process.}

   _{All low melting point materials including copper, lead and 6inc compounds shall be}

remo0ed from the fabrication

ESSE(TIAL JARIA-LES?

   _{An% increase in heat input greater than 28 of the ma+imum reached during the}

qualification.

   _{An% change in bacBing gas conditions including gas composition, flow rate,}

damming method or o+%gen le0els in bacBing gas enclosure outside those reached during the qualification test

RRSI( TESTG IM/AT TEST?

   _{An impact test is the preferred option o0er the corrosion test.}

I(S/ETI( A(* TESTI(4?

   _{All welds in duple+ stainless steel shall additionall% be &88 e+amined b% d%e}

penetrant method

 AE/TA(E RITERIA?

The following features are unacceptable

   _{An% cracBs}

RE/AIR?

  _{ne repair per weld is permitted.}

  _{If the repair contains unacceptable defects the complete weld shall be cut # out} /I/E S@//RTS?

  _{Internal gas purging shall be required to pre0ent o+idationGdiscolouration while} welding directl% on to the pressure retaining components of thin wall

 A//E(*I5 - # )A-RIATI( S/EI)IATI( )R

(IEL ALLKS

4E(ERAL?

  _{)orming and bending of nicBel allo%s during fabrication shall be carried out at} or below &;8 .⁰

  _{4rinding wheels or discs shall be iron # free and shall not be organic resin} bonded.

  _{(icBel allo%s shall be heat treated to remo0e the effects of an% cold worBing in} e+cess of 1 fiber strain, prior to welding.

3EL*I(4?

  _{4TA3 shall be used for root runs.}

  _{SA3 shall not be used, e+cept for welding of hea0% sections with prior} appro0al, when heat input shall be restricted at 9  >Gmm ma+imum.   _{-ra6ing is not permitted.}

   _{Autogenous welding is not permitted.}

<EAT (TRL?

  _{/reheat shall not be used}

  _{Temperature of the oint surfaces shall not be less than 28  before}⁰

commencement of welding

  _{The inter pass temperature shall be &18  ma+imum!e+cept (''21 # &28 $}⁰ ⁰

  _{/3<T shall not be used.}

S<IEL*I(4 A(* -AI(4 4AS?

  _{The flow rate shall be minimum &1 liters per minute.} I(S/ETI(?

  _{3elded oints shall be &88 0isuall% e+amined and &88 liquid penetrant} inspected.

APPENDI# C  FABRICATION SPECIFICATION FOR

*C+ ,MO - LOW ALLO' STEEL

*RESSI(4 A)TER T<ERMAL @TTI(4?

 

_{The heat affected base metal shall be remo0ed b% grinding or machining}

bacB the cut edge b% at least &.1 mm

3EL*I(4?

 Acceptable welding processes?

 

_SMA3

 

_4TA3

3EL*I(4 (S@MA-LES?

 

_{Low h%drogen SMA3 consumables shall be dried and stored in o0ens prior}

to issue to ensure that the% are capable of meeting a ma+imum h%drogen

le0el of &8ml < G&88g

₂

 

_{Electrodes shall onl% be issued for use in portable electrode o0ens capable}

of maintaining a temperature of :8  minimum.

⁰

 

_{onsumables for which no identification e+ists shall not be used.}

 

_{4TA3 and SMA3 consumables shall be procured against schedule > class}

S<IEL*I(4G/@R4I(4 4ASES?

 

_{Shielding and purge gases shall compl% with E(9; with respect to mi+ture}

tolerances, purit% and dew point.

 

_{/reheat and interpass temperature?}

 

_{Minimum preheat temperature # 288 }

_⁰

 

_{Ma+imum interpass temperature # 88 }

_⁰

 

_{)or ; r # & Mo # J ?}

 

_{n completion the welds shall be maintained at 288  # 988  for 2 hrs}

_{⁰ ⁰}

after welding.

 

_{>oint shall be allowed to cool below &88  prior to recei0ing /3<T.}

_⁰

 

_{/3<T immediatel% after welding without this intermediate heat treatment}

c%cle is not permitted.

/7R TESTI(4 RE7@IREME(TS?

 

_{Test welds shall be subect to &8g JicBers hardness sur0e% of the weld.}

 

_{The ma+imum hardness shall not e+ceed 2:8 <J&8.}

 

_{)or impact testing the test temperature shall not e+ceed 8  and the}

_⁰

energ%

APPENDI# D  FABRICATION SPECIFICATION FOR

CUPRO  NICEL ALLO'S

3EL*I(4?

/RE/ARATI(?

  _{Material shall be cut b% either cold sawing with sulphur # free lubricant or plasma.}   _{4TA3 is used for root runs and 4MA3 ma% be used for capping runs on oints of}

1 mm or greater thicBness.

  _{SMA3 electrodes shall be .21 mm or smaller diameter core si6e. -ead width}

shall be restricted to four times electrode core diameter ma+imum. )ILLER MATERIALS?

   _{All filler materials for cupro # nicBel shall be nominal :8 copperG8 nicBel}

composition. <EAT (TRL?

  _{/reheat shall not be used.}

  _{Interpass temperature shall be &18  ma+imum.⁰}   _{/3<T shall not be used.}

I(S/ETI(?

  _{3elded oints shall be &88 0isuall% e+amined and &88 liquid penetrant}