Biodiversity, Biogeography, and Conservation of Bats in the Lesser Antilles

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University of Nebraska - Lincoln University of Nebraska - Lincoln

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln

Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska

State Museum Museum, University of Nebraska State

2013

Biodiversity, Biogeography, and Conservation of Bats in the Lesser

Antilles

Scott C. Pedersen

South Dakota State University, [email protected]

Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected]

Gary G. Kwiecinski

University of Scranton

Peter A. Larsen

Duke University, [email protected]

Roxanne J. Larsen

Duke University, [email protected]

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy

Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons

Pedersen, Scott C.; Genoways, Hugh H.; Kwiecinski, Gary G.; Larsen, Peter A.; and Larsen, Roxanne J., "Biodiversity, Biogeography, and Conservation of Bats in the Lesser Antilles" (2013). Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum. 172.

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museummammalogy/172

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln.

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Biodiversity, Biogeography, & Conservation of Bats

in the Lesser Antilles

Scott C. PEDERSEN, Hugh H. GENOWAYS, Gary G. KWIECINSKI, Peter A. LARSEN, and Roxanne J. LARSEN

The chiropteran fauna of the Lesser Antilles consists of 27 species. The diversity of this fauna is low when compared with Neotropical faunas of large continental islands or at sites on the adjacent mainland, however, the Lesser Antillean fauna contains 11 species endemic to these islands making it worthy of large-scale conservation efforts. At the southern end of the Lesser Antilles, the biological limit of the Lesser Antillean bat fauna is marked by Koopman’s Line. To the south of this line, the bat faunas of the Grenadines and Grenada are composed of South American and widespread species of bats. The central Lesser Antillean islands have been grouped as the “Lesser Antillean Faunal Core.” The bat faunas of these islands are characterized by the presence of 9 or more species and several endemic species that occur on only one or two of these islands. The faunas of the northern Lesser Antillean islands are united into the “Northern Antillean Faunal Area” and share the same eight species of bats. The conservation of bats is critical not only to the biodiversity that they represent, but to the maintenance of biodiversity of other fauna and flora. The maintenance of chiropteran fauna can best be served by three actions— preservation of caves, preservation of forest diversity, and restoration of hydrological systems.

Appropriate citation:

Pedersen, S. C., H. H. Genoways, G. G. Kwiecinski, P. A. Larsen, and R. J. Larsen. 2013. Biodiversity, biogeography, and conservation of bats in the Lesser Antilles. Pp. 62-73, 330, in Biodiversité insulaire: la flore, la faune et l’homme dans les Petites Antilles, eds. J.-L. Vernier and M. Burac. France:

Schoelchers, Martinique, Direction de l'Environnement, de l'Aménagement et du Logement de Martinique et Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, 335 pp.

Pedersen, Genoways, Kwiecinski, Larsen, and Larsen in Biodiversité insulaire: la flore, la faune et l’homme dans les Petites Antilles (eds. J.-L. Vernier and M. Burac). France: Schoelchers, Martinique, Direction de l'Environnement, de l'Aménagement et du Logement de Martinique et Université des Antilles et de la Guyane. Copyright 2013, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane. Used by permission.

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Biodiversity, Biogeography, and

Conservation of Bats

in the Lesser Antilles

Scott C. PEDERSEN, Hugh H. GENOWAYS, Gary G. KWIECINSKI, Peter A. LARSEN, and Roxanne J. LARSEN

T

Taxonomic Diversity in the Lesser

Antilles

Table 1 et al Brachyphylla cavernarum Table 1 Table 2).

Table 1: List of the species of bats occurring on the Lesser Antillean islands. Peropteryx trinitatis Pteronotus davyi Pteronotus rubiginosus Noctilio leporinus Brachyphylla cavernarum * Anoura geoffroyi Glossophaga longirostris Monophyllus plethodon ** Micronycteris buriri ** Micronycteris megalotis Ardops nichollsi ** Dermanura bogotensis Artibeus jamaicensis Artibeus lituratus Artibeus planirostris Artibeus schwartzi ** Chiroderma improvisum ** Sturnira lilium Sturnira thomasi ** Eptesicus fuscus Eptesicus guadeloupensis ** Myotis dominicensis ** Myotis martiniquensis ** Myotis nyctor ** Natalus stramineus ** Molossus molossus Tadarida brasiliensis

* Restricted in distribution to the Lesser Antilles, Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico.

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et al Figs. 1 and 2 Artibeus schwartzi et al et al et al et al

AnguillaSt. MartinSt. BarthelemySaba St. EustatiusSt. KittsNevis BarbudaAntigua MontserratGuadeloupeDominicaMartiniqueSt. LuciaSt. V incent BarbadosGrenadinesGrenada Antillean Endemics Ardops nichollsi Artibeus schwartzi* H H H Brachyphylla cavernarum Chiroderma improvisum Eptesicus guadeloupensis Micronycteris buriri Monophyllus plethodon Myotis dominicensis Myotis martiniquensis Myotis nyctor Natalus stramineus Sturnira thomasi Anoura geoffroyi Artibeus jamaicensis* H H H Artibeus lituratus Artibeus planirostris* H H Carollia perspicillata Dermanura bogotensis Eptesicus fuscus Glossophaga longirostris Micronycteris megalotis Molossus molossus Noctilio leporinus Peropteryx trinitatus Pteronotus davyi Pteronotus rubiginosus Sturnira lilium Tadarida brasiliensis Antillean Endemics Table 2 Artibeus jamaicensis, A. planirostris, and A. schwartzi Faunal Area

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Limitations On and the

Complexity of Biodiversity Data

Net Bias nets (Barber et al et al Lang et al et al et al et al et al et al et al Pedersen et al Survey Duration guidelines. Time Frame Figure 1 Figure 2

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et al Chiroderma and Sturnira

et al

Fenton et al

et al

nated by natural disasters.

Artibeus

Monophyllus Ar-dops Brachyphylla) are Artibeus

et al et al

Bat Biodiversity: Species-Area Curves

et al

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et al

by Myotis Artibeus).

Dispersal patterns in the Lesser Antilles

et al et al et al et al et al B. cavernarum, A. jamaicensis Noctilio leporinus

Genetic-Level Diversity and

Phylogeographic Patterns

Antillean bats (Table 2).

Emballonuridae

Peropteryx trinitatis phaea (sensu

et al. P. trinitatis P. trinitatus P. macrotis P. trinitatis et al Mormoopidae et al Pteronotus P. parnellii rubiginosus P. rubiginosus P. parnellii P. rubiginosus P. rubiginosus Pteronotus davyi Pteronotus davyi

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Noctilionidae Noctilio leporinus et al N. leporinus et al Phyllostomidae

genus Artibeus (P. Larsen et al et al

et al et al

et al Artibeus indi

events by A. jamaicensis A.

planirostris and A. lituratus

et al et al

Larsen et al. et al

Artibeus A. schwartzi

A. schwartzi

Artibeus (see P. Larsen et al A. schwartzi and Artibeus

sen et al

Artibeus et al

Brachyphylla cavernarum, Ardops nichollsi, Monophyllus plethodon, Chiroderma improvisum, and

Sturnira thomasi et al

B. cavernarum

B. cavernarum and B. pumila B. cavernarum

Ardops nichollsi et al

Ardops nichollsi

Ardops and Ariteus

Ardops et al et

al

Chiroderma. C. improvisum and C. villosum (distributed

C. salvini,

M. plethodon and S. thomasi are ongoing.

M. buriri Micronycteris and is

M. megalotis

values separate M. buriri

M. megalotis M.

buriri M. megalotis M.

buriri M. megalotis) (P. Larsen et

al

Glossophaga longirostris

Anoura geoffroyi, Dermanura bogotensis, Micronycteris megalotis Sturnira lilium

ongoing.

Vespertilionidae

et al.

Myotis dominicensis and M. martiniquensis Myotis. M. dominicensis and M. martiniquensis

Myotis Myotis M. m. nyctor M. martiniquensis Natalidae Natalus stramineus b N. stramineus to N. tumidirostris

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N. stramineus

Natalus stramineus

Molossidae

Molossus molossus and Tadarida

brasiliensis et al.

M. molossus T. brasiliensis

T. b. antillularum and T. b. constanzae

Tadarida brasiliensis

Bat Conservation Issues in the Lesser

Antilles

Preservation/Protection of Caves et al et al et al et al Preservation/Protection of Forests et al et al et al et al Ceiba pentandra

tree (Hura crepitans Roystonea

regia Neobuxbaumia euphorbioides

agave (Agave angustifolia et al

Psidium guajava) Musa paradisiaca) also

et al et al

et al

Cecropia, Solanum, Piper

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Protection and Restoration of Hydrological Systems et al Acknowledgments

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