SEABEE COMBAT
WARFARE
COMMON CORE
110 CONTINGENCY
OPERATIONS
REFERENCES
a. https://abfcview.navfac.navy.mil b. http://tcms.net
c. NAVEDTRA 14265A, Utilitiesman Basic
d. NAVEDTRA 14259A, Utilitiesman Advanced
e. NAVEDTRA 14233, Naval Construction Force/Seabee 1&C
f. NAVEDTRA 14234A, Seabee Combat Handbook Vol. 1
g. NWP 4-04, Naval Civil Engineer Operations
h. JFOB, Joint Forward Operating Base Force Protection Handbook
i. JP 3-34 (Feb 07), Joint Engineer Operations
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
•
PQS Question 110.1
, Discuss Engineer Support
Plans (ESP).
ESP
The ESP identifies the minimum essential facilities and
engineering capabilities needed to support the commitment of military forces.
These broad documents- in particular, the JSCP, which conveys the Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman’s guidance- contain the basic planning assumptions for developing regional plans. Navy and Marine Corps capabilities and mobilization plans contain detailed policies and force capabilities and allocation for engineer
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
•
PQS Question 110.2
, Discuss the request for Forces
(RFF) process.
Request for Forces
Naval civil engineering force units and individual augments must be requested through the Request for Forces (RFF) process to
augment a component or Joint Task Force (JTF) organization. CEC officers are on combatant and service component engineer staffs. Each Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) has a resident Civil Engineer Corps (CEC) officer on staff as an naval
Request for Forces
These LNOs and engineer staff officers are primary points of contact to initiate a request for naval civil engineering forces
support. Designated commanders forward requests to their service component command. Once validated, the request is forwarded to the combatant commander and then to U.S. Joint Forces
Command for sourcing after final validation. For further
information on the RFF process, refer to JP 1-0, Joint Doctrine for Personnel Support to Joint Operations.
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
•
PQS Question 110.3
, Discuss the difference between
Contingency planning and Crisis Action planning.
Contingency and Crisis Action Planning
a. Contingency Planning- Contingency planning is performed in
a continuous cycle that usually begins with the publication of
a new CPG and is designed to develop joint OPLANs,
CONPLANs (with and without TPFDD), or functional plans
to support the national military strategy.
b. Crisis Action Planning- CAP is based on current events and
conducted in time-sensitive situations and emergencies using
assigned, attached, and allocated forces and resources
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
•
PQS Question 110.4
, Discuss the following as it relates
to General Engineering planning tools and considerations.
General Engineering Planning Tools
a. ESP [par. 4.9.1] b. ABFC [par. 4.9.3] c. Facilities [par. 4.9.4] d. Real Estate [par. 4.9.5] e. Environment [par. 4.9.6 f. HN Support [par. 4.9.7]
ESP and ABFC
a. The ESP identifies the minimum essential facilities and engineering capabilities needed to support the
commitment of military forces.
b. The ABFC system allows for construction adjustments and expansion. It provides construction units with
standard plans, bill of materials, specifications, and labor, equipment, and material estimates, which improve
Facilities and Real Estate
c. Facilities- Facility requirements are consistent with
operational requirements, duration of need, and forces to be supported.
d. Real Estate- Civil engineer planners consider aspects of acquisition and/or leasing real estate in support of engineer
Environment and HN Support
e. Environment- Naval civil engineer planners consider the effect of the planning of operations on the environment in accordance with host nation agreements; environmental laws and regulations; and U.S. federal, state, and local environmental laws and standards. f. Host Nation Support- The types of HN logistic support that
engineer planners request, subject to agreements and restrictions, include petroleum, oils, and lubricants, transportation,
telecommunications civilian labor, rear area protection, facilities, contracting, equipment acquisition, supplies, services, health
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
• PQS Question 110.5, Explain the three types of
engineering Battlespace Functions that are assigned to the Seabees.
3 Types of Engineering Battlespace Functions
a. General Engineering Operations, naval civil engineering forces execute general engineering operational tasks with Navy
organic components or through contracting and acquisition options.
b. Combat Engineering Operations, specific naval civil
engineering forces have a limited secondary role to “fight as infantry.”
c. Geospatial Engineering Operations, Some naval civil
engineering forces have a very limited organic capability in geospatial engineering operations.
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
•
PQS Question 110.6
, Explain the following logistics
support considerations for Seabee units.
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
a. Supply [par.4.11.1]
b. Maintenance [par. 4.11.2] c. Transportation [par.4.11.3]
d. General Engineering [par.4.11.4] e. Health Services [par. 4.11.5]
f. Medical Treatment Facilities [par. 4.11.5.1] g. Medical Evacuations [par. 4.11.5.2]
Logistics Support
a. Supply- Supply is the receipt, storage, issue, and re-supply of materiel for conducting operations.
b. Maintenance- Maintenance consists of actions necessary to
preserve, repair, and ensure continued operations and effectiveness. c. Transportation- Seabee units have organic transportation assets to
Logistics Support
d. General Engineering- maintenance of facilities, and vertical and horizontal construction are examples of the engineering
operations conducted by the Seabees.
e. Health Services- NMCB units have a robust organic medical capability which are billeted with a medical officer, dental officer, and independent duty corpsman plus additional corpsmen.
f. Medical Treatment Facilities- Seabee units have an organic medical treatment facility with limited patient treatment capabilities located in each NMCB.
Logistics Support
g. Medical Evacuations- Health service support to Seabee units attached to a JTF is provided in the same manner in which medical care is provided to other JTF elements.
h. Other Services- Although NMCBs are self-sufficient upon
deployment, the situation dictates whether or not augmentation CSS from the supported JTF is required in the following areas: disbursing (U.S. Navy interface), exchange services, legal
services, mortuary services, postal services, security support, and civil affairs support.
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
•
PQS Question 110.7
, Explain the following
construction standards:
Construction Standards
a. Initial/Expedient [par. 5.2.1]
b. Temporary [par. 5.2.2.1]
Initial/Expedient
a. Initial/Expedient- Naval civil engineering forces apply
the initial/expedient construction standard for facilities
construction in a tactical environment when response
times are at a premium for rapidly deploying
Temporary
b. Temporary- Naval Civil Engineering forces apply the
temporary construction standard for facilities construction
when a location requires that it extend
the efficiency of
operations for use as long as 24
months and when the
naval civil engineering forces are required to provide
sustained operations.
Permanent
c. Permanent- Naval Civil Engineering forces build
permanent-construction-standard facilities for HN,
supporting stability and security operations for U.S.
forces with increased efficiency for long-term sustained
operations.
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
•
PQS Question 110.8
, Discuss the following operational
situations:
Operational Situations
a. Joint [par. 5.5.1]
b. Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) [par. 5.5.2] c. Counteracting Restriction of Movement [par. 5.5.3] d. Jungle [par. 5.5.4]
e. Mountain [par. 5.5.5]
f. Cold Weather [par. 5.5.6] g. Desert [par. 5.5.7]
h. Gap Crossing [par. 5.5.8]
Joint Operations
Naval Civil Engineering forces train to know how other
service and coalition engineers and nongovernmental
organizations operate, and how Naval Civil Engineering
operations fit into the joint environment.
a. Goal of the maritime prepositioning force. The rapid establishment of a combat-ready MAGTF ashore is accomplished by combining the rapid movement of the MAGTF fly-in-echelon (FIE), To assist the MAGTF with the off-load and staging of the prepositioned sets on each MPSRON, a Navy support element (NSE) is required, to which PHIBCBs are an integral part.
b. Seabee MPF equipment. Airlifted by the Air Mobility Command (AMC), MAGTF, Seabees, and NSE personnel assemble with equipment in or adjacent to the secured
objective area in preparation for operations ashore. In addition to the PHIBCB equipment on each MPSRON required for offloading, the NCF has pre-staged equipment and
supplies aboard each MPSRON to outfit an NMCB (a P25 TOA) and an NCR(CE) (a P29 TOA) in support of the MAGTF both TOAs are assigned to Seabee units attached to the MAGTF and are not part of the NSE. Seabee units deploy with the FIE portion of their
When a unit exceeds the ability to maneuver around natural and artificial terrain, engineers advise unit commanders about
counteracting restrictions to movement in a range of operational situations and environments. In their evaluation, engineers consider the unit’s tactical situation, mission assignment, operational
environment, engineering capabilities, and equipment availability. They weigh the impact of the tactical situation on engineer tactics, required equipment, and speed of mission accomplishment in order to formulate recommendations to the unit commander.
Jungle Operations
Engineering operations in the jungle include road
construction, stream crossing, expeditionary airfield
construction, water treatment, mine warfare, and
mapping.
For additional information on jungle
operations refer to Field Manual (FM) 90-5, Jungle
Operations.
Mountain Operations
Engineer training that supports mountain operations includes cable and rope rigging, demolition of rock formations, mountain climbing, mountain road clearing and construction, employment of helicopters, expedient stream crossing, and bridge
construction. Seabees use mountainous terrain engineering and construction capabilities, such as organic pioneering/heavy
timber tool kits, CESE assets, and quarry-blasting capability. For additional information about mountain operations, refer to FM 3-97.6,Mountain Operations.
Cold Weather Operations
Cold weather operations occur in arctic regions and subarctic areas of North America and Eurasia. The Arctic consists of polar seas, polar land, and ice pack areas. The Arctic is a cold, snow-covered desert with an 8-inch average annual rainfall. Vegetation is dwarfed and scrubby in arctic regions. The subarctic is an area of extremes with hot summers and very cold winters. Arctic/subarctic lines of communications consist of roads, trails, and limited water travel. Seabees do not train for this type of
environment; however, UCTs do conduct arctic dive training operations. Seabees would need to be outfitted with cold weather gear. CESE and tool kits would need to be outfitted with special fuel and petroleum, oil and lubricants additives to function successfully in this environment.
Desert Operations
Desert terrain shares physical characteristics such as a lack of water and vegetation, extreme temperatures, bright sunshine and moonlight, dust storms, and dry river channels. Operations in the desert, complicated by the task of providing an adequate supply of water, increased requirements for camouflage assistance and
deception, and special problems in field fortifications, significantly task engineering resources. There is generally a reduced
requirement for road, airfield, and bridge construction- less than in other environmental conditions. Engineer reconnaissance and
Gap-Crossing Operations
Gap crossings are second only to amphibious operations in
complexity and vulnerability. A gap-crossing operation is similar to a bridging operation. Seabees do not have standard bridging assets in their TOA. Hasty, deliberate, and retrograde
gap-crossing operations require advanced planning for training,
coordination, and equipment. C2, planning, unit relationships and responsibilities, and participation by various units are different with each type and size of crossing operation.
For additional information on gap-crossing operations, refer to MCWP 3-17.1/FM 90-13, River Crossing Operations.
Military Operation on Urbanized Terrain
Seabees support construction projects in urban and populatedareas even though they are not an offensive force. The presence of population and man-made construction complicates MOUT. The number of Seabees training in MOUT continues to increase. UCTs conduct limited MOUT training since a majority of their work at seaports is expected to be in urban environments. When tasked to conduct operations in urban environments such as in Afghanistan and Iraq, Seabees receive specific training for
operating in urban environments prior to deployment to the specific area of responsibility.
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
• PQS Question 110.9, Discuss the following Joint Forward Operating Base(JFOB) site selection and layout
considerations:
JFOB Considerations
a. General [p. 5-6]
b. Perimeter Security [p.5-7] c. Critical Assets [p. 5-8] d. Utilities [p. 5-9]
e. Occupied Structures [p. 5-10]
General Considerations
JFOB mission requirements, Tenant unit/organization mission and space requirements, Regulations, Critical Assets, Procedural or Operational Considerations, Occupancy Requirements,
Dispersion and Standoff Requirements, HN security requirements, Financial Considerations, Construction
Considerations, Safety Considerations, Ammunition Storage and Shelters and Bunkers.
Perimeter Security and Critical Assets
a. Layered Defense, JFOB Design, Perimeter Barriers, AccessPoints, Approach/Access Roads, Vantage Points, Standoff Zone and Routes of Travel
b. Asset Location, Visual Surveillance, Defensible Space, Use of Available Space, Access Routes, Vehicle Parking, Exterior Signage, Trash Receptacles, Vegetation, Separation Distance and Structures
Utilities and Occupied Structures
a. Utility Access, Utility Support, Multiple Power Sources, Public Address System, Perimeter Penetration, Water Treatment and Storage, Signage, Storage Tanks and Operational Facilities and Communication Networks. b. Site, Personnel, Open Space, Structural Hardening,
Retrofit/Hardening Techniques, Standoff Distance, Windows, Safety Window Frames, Doors, Asset
Commercial/Service Access
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
•
PQS Question 110.10
, Explain the fundamentals of a
tent camp layout in relation to the following:
Camp Layout
a. Latrines from messing facilities [p. 10-40] b. Latrines from water supplies [p. 10-40] c. Garbage from messing [p. 10-42]
Latrines
a.
Human waste disposal should be as far from food
services as possible, but at least 100 meters.
b. Locate downslope of all wells, springs, streams,
and other water sources, at least 100ft.
Garbage
c. Locate downslope of all wells, springs, streams,
and other water sources, at least 30 meters.
d. Garbage and soakage pits should be at least 30
meters from food service. Locate downwind and
downslope if possible.
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
•
PQS Question 110.11
, Discuss the purpose of leach
fields.
Leach Fields
a. Leaching fields are an integral component of a septic tank individual sewage disposal system. Leaching field may be referred to as tile fields or absorption trenches. Whichever term is used, the function, testing, construction, and
maintenance techniques of this component remain the same. b. The lines in a leaching field are built of 4-inch PVC
perforated pipe. Many types of perforated pipe are commercially available for use in leaching-field construction.
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
PQS Question 110.12, Discuss the following as it pertains to camp maintenance.
Camp Maintenance
a. Trouble desk [p. 6-6]
b. Three types of work [p. 6-9]
c. Operator inspection [p. 6-23]
d. Control inspections [p. 6-22]
Trouble Desk
a. The trouble desk receives all customer trouble calls, enters this information into the trouble desk log and fills out
emergency/service authorization (ESA) forms. The attendant makes sure that ESA forms are properly routed and that
outstanding ESAs are completed within the required deadlines. Normally, all facility history jackets are maintained at the trouble desk.
Three Types of Work
a. Emergency/Service Work- Work requiring immediate
action or any minor work requiring less than 16
man-hours
b. Specific Job Order Work Requests- Work requests are
used for camp maintenance work that exceeds 16 hours
c. Standing Job Orders- SJOs are written for all work that
Inspections
a. Operator inspection- Operator inspections consist of examining, lubricating, and making minor adjustments. Operator inspections of constantly-attended equipment are another form of PM, but they are
performed by the operator assigned to the equipment as part of the day-to-day responsibilities.
b. Control inspections- A control inspection reviews all camp facilities to determine the maintenance required during the deployment to preserve or improve the condition of camp structures and property. It is the foundation of the camp maintenance program and workload
c. The key to a successful preventive maintenance program is a systematic, continuous inspection program. Early identification of needed work allows for proper planning and execution. The following types of inspections form
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
PQS Question 110.13, Discuss the following:
a. Potable Water [ch. 2, p. 2-27] b. Chlorination [ch. 7, p. 7-6]
c. Superchlorination [ch. 2, p. 2-28]
Potable Water/Chlorination/Superclorination
a. Potable water- water that does not contain pollution, contamination, or infective agents and is considered satisfactory for drinking.
b. Chlorination- chlorination is the most common method of
disinfecting potable water. Water from systems where sanitary, physical, operating defects, or other special hazards are known to exist must be chlorinated to specified bacterial levels. Residual of at least 2.0 ppm.
c. Super Chlorination is the application of chlorine in dosages far in excess of the chlorine demand for disinfecting. Super chlorination is accomplished by chlorinating the water in a container or distribution system to at least 100 parts per million (ppm).
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
PQS Question 110.14, Discuss the three parts of the Advance Base Functional Component (ABFC) system and explain their relationships:
Three Parts of ABFC
a. Part 1, Component Site Plans, indexed by component
and ABFC designation
b. Part 2, Facility Drawings, indexed by facility number
and DOD category code
c. Part 3, Assembly Drawings, containing assembly
information and indexed by assembly number
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
PQS Question 110.15
, Describe the ABFC View and
Theatre Construction Management System (TCMS)
Programs and how they facilitate contingency planning:
ABFC VIEW/TCMS
a. (ABFC/TOA)- is a program that displays data at the Component, Facility/Group, Assembly, or NSN level along with the associated drawings and allows search by keys or Key words. All data in
NAVFAC Pub P-437 Vol 2, Facility Planning Guide, and the Civil Engineer Support Table of Allowance database is available through this program and its associated databases
a. TCMS- Provides users with the tools and information necessary for planning, design, management, and reporting tasks Owned by the Army Corps of Engineers. Automates the use of the Army Facilities Components System (AFCS) and Navy ABFC system data
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
PQS Question 110.16
, Discuss the different units and
capabilities of the following Army engineering categories:
Army Engineering Categories
a. Combat Engineer- Core combat engineer units are focused on support to combat maneuver organizations at the tactical level and are designed to participate in close combat as necessary.
b. General Engineer- general engineer units are comprised of bridging, support, and construction capabilities.
c. USACE- USACE support provides for technical and contract engineering support, integrating its organic capabilities with those of other Services, civil engineering, and all other sources of engineering-related reachback support. d. Specialized- The specialized engineer capabilities portion of the force pool
provides for general and geospatial engineering capabilities at the operational and strategic levels and for specific augmentation to the tactical level
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
PQS Question 110.17
, Discuss the different capabilities
of the following Air Force engineering units:
Red Horse
a. Red Horse- RED HORSE units are self-sustaining heavy
construction forces that contain organic, self-sustaining, logistical support, and special construction capabilities. These units execute heavy horizontal and vertical construction projects; site
development; construction and repair of runways, taxiways,
aprons, roads, and revetments; heavy earthwork; construction and repair of facilities and infrastructure; and water purification.
Prime Beef/Specialized
b. Prime Beef- Prime BEEF teams consist of total force military Air Force personnel assigned to home-station civil engineer organizations. During
contingencies, engineers transition to an expeditionary mode capable of rapidly responding worldwide, providing the full range of engineering
support and emergency services to establish, sustain, and recover bases for employing Air Force weapon systems and supporting joint/multinational forces
c. Specialized- Specialized RED HORSE capability is offered by Airborne RED HORSE flights to conduct expedient repairs to airfield surfaces and evaluate supporting infrastructure for potential COMAFFOR follow-on
Contingency Operations Fundamentals
PQS Question 110.18
, Discuss the different capabilities
of the following Marine Corps engineering units:
Marine Corps Engineering Units
a. ESB- The ESB provides general support to the MAGTF by providing combat engineering and limited general engineering, bulk liquid (fuel and water), and utility support.
b. MWSS- The MWSS provides the following AGS functions: internal airfield communications; EAF services; aircraft rescue and firefighting; aircraft and
ground refueling EOD; motor transport; field messing; medical; CBRN defense; security and law enforcement; air base commandant functions to include
ABGD; and organic and support unit personnel training
c. CEB- The CEB mission is to enhance the mobility, countermobility, and survivability of the division through combat and limited general engineering support.
