Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2015
Abstract-Recent developments in the fields of Internet and Information Technology have paved a way for electronic commerce in our society. E-Commerce is emerging as a new way of helping business enterprise to compete in the market and thus contributing to economic success. E-Commerce can enhance economic growth, increase business opportunities, competitiveness, better and profitable access to market. The purpose of this paper is to review the history, concepts, advantages and disadvantages, types, e-commerce process, online e-commerce shopping sites, India’s prospects in E-Commerce, future growth of E-commerce in India and its Reviews.
Index terms – E-Commerce, Internet, Information Technology
I.INTRODUCTION
Electronic Commerce, or E-Commerce, refers to economic activity that occurs through online. Electronic Commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems.
The alternative names of E-Commerce are: e-shop, e-store, Internet shop, webshop, webstore, online store and virtual store.A nations backbone is commerce. And hence E-commerce brings sellers and potential buyers at the distance of one click and it saves time as it is cost effective, as e-commerce is becoming key to success.
Manuscript received November 05, 2015.
C.Gajalakshmi,Ph. D Research Scholar,PG & Research Department of commerce,Voorhees College,Vellore. Dr. D.PAULRAJ (Research Guide),Associate Professor & Head, PG & Research Department of commerce, Voorhees College, Vellore
II.HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF E-COMMERCE
The evolution of e-commerce can be attributed to a combination regulatory reform and technological innovation. Through internet (Which played an important role in the evolution) appeared in the late 1960s.
E-commerce were first developed in the early 1970s with innovations like:
E - COMMERCE
C.Gajalakshmi, Dr. D.Paulraj
Year Event
1984 EDI, or Electronic interchange, was standardized through ASCX12.This guaranteed that companies would be able to complete transactions with one another reliably.
1992 Compuserve offers online retail products to its customers. This gives people the first chance to buy things off their computer.
1994 Netscape arrived. Providing user a simple browser to surf the internet and a safe online transaction technology called secure sockets layer
1995 Two of the biggest names in e-commerce are launched:Amazon.com and e-Bay.com
1998 DSL, or Digital subscriber Line, Provides fast, always on Internet service to subscribers across California. This prompts people to spend more time, and money, online.
1999 Retail spending over the internet reaches $20 billion, according to Business.Com.
Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT)-Funds can be routed electronically from one organization to other.
Electronic Data Interchange(EDI)-Used to electronically transfer routine documents, that expanded electronic transfers from financial transactions to other types of transaction processing.
Interorganizational system(IOS)- A system which allows the flow of information to be automated between organizations in order to reach a desired Supply-Chain management systems, which enables the development of competitive organizations.
III.CONCEPTS AND DEFINITION
E-Commerce or electronic commerce refers to buying and selling of products over the internet, it also pertains to “any form of business transaction in which the parties interact electronically rather than by physical exchanges or direct physical contact”. A complete definition of E-Commerce is : E-Commerce is the use of electronic communication and digital Information processing technology in business transactions to create, transform, and redefine relationships for value creation between or among organizations, and between organizations and individuals.
IV. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
[1]Ayo,Charles k, Adebiyi.A,Fatudimu Ibukun tolutope, & vyinomen o.Ekond(2008) revealed that the (ATM) Automatic Teller Machine is the most widely used medium of e-payment in Nigeria, which is not very suitable for e-commerce implementation. Similarly, the internet penetration is still abysmally low and is one of the major threats to e-commerce implementation.
[2] D.K.Gangeshwer (2013)in his paper deals with the conceptual knowledge oof search engine marketing (SEM) or E-Commerce, literature review, current and future aspects of e-commerce in Indian context. This paper discussed about the top motivator factors of shopping online. The present development would be a valuable addition to researcher and academician; and useful theory for practitioners, advertisers, and entrepreneurs. [3]Fernando Almeida Jose D.Santos & Jose A.Monteiro (2013) in their findings look to the semantic web and web 3.0 technologies as enablers for the creation of value and appearance of new business models. For that, we analyse the role and impact of web 3.0 in business and we identify nine potential business models, based in direct and
undirected revenue sources, which have emerged with the appearance of semantic web technologies. [4]Hamid jebur ,Hamed Gheysari, parastoo Roghanian (2012) Explores the E-Commerce reality and discuss the main issues that have received and is still receiving a lot of controversy, and that have to be considered by different parties to develop and promote such commerce. It also demonstrates the future of E-Commerce inspite of these issues challenges. It is obvious that E-Commerce will continue to grow inspite of barriers and rising threats.
[5]Nisha chanana, Sangeeta Goele gave an Overview of the future of E-Commerce in India and discusses the future growth segments in India’s E-Commerce. Also find out various factors that would essential for future growth of Indian E-Commerce and represent the various opportunities for retailers, wholesalers, producers and for people. In this paper we found that the overall E-Commerce will increase exponentially in coming years in the emerging market in India.
[6]Niranjanamurthy M, Kavyashree N, Mr.S.Jagannath, Dr.Dharmendra chahar (2013) stated that E-Commerce security is a part of the information security framework and is specifically applied to the components that affect e-commerce that include computer security, data security and other wider realms of the information security framework. E-Commerce security has its own particular nuances and is one of the highest visible security components that affect the end user through their daily payment interaction with business. [7]N.Shafiyah, R.Aksaqour, H.Shakar, O.Alsaqour and M.Uddin (2013) in their paper stated that, they present an overview of e-commerce. We compare on the traditional commerce and e-commerce. We also focus on the unique features and types of e-commerce. We mainly discuss the technologies of e-commerce. At the end of this paper, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce. [8] Robin Mansell (2003) presents a critical assessment of the limitations of conventional transaction cost analysis as a conceptual framework for analyzing the development of business –to-business electronic commerce. It applies a modified framework that emphasizes a wider range of institutional structures and practices to examine whether many-to-many electronic market places are responsive requirements of producer firms based in developing countries and their buyers that are integrated within increasingly complex global supply chains.
Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2015
offer innovative products, collaborate with business partners, transform business processes and organize the delivery of information system services.The result is a comprehensive framework of e-commerce as a technologically based means to business transformation and a metadisciplinary research fields.
[10] Yaser Ahangari, Nanehkaran (2013) assessed that the Recent developments in the fields of internet and Information Technology have led to renewed interest extrodinary in electronic commerce in societies. Electronic commerce is supporting of customers, supplying of services and commodities, portion of business information, manages business transactions and maintaining of bond between suppliers, customers and vendors by devices of telecommunication networks. In the new global business companies and institutions providing merchandise and services, synchronously with evolution of the world in the field of electronic commerce are in effect to change the logical and physical structure of their organization in this area. [11] Muhammad Awass ,Tanzila samin (2012) in their research paper we will discuss about advanced SWOT analysis of E-Commerce which will comprise of strength, weakness, opportunities and threats faced by e-commerce in current scenario.
V.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES a.Advantages
There are many advcantages of E-Commerce, and some of them are as follows:
It has the faster buying and selling procedures.
It is easy to find products. Compare prices easily. It reaches more to customers. Lots of choices are there. Stores are open all times. Ease of communication.
No need to handle currency notes. Employee cost is reduced
Ability to buy and sell to other consumers.
b.disadvantages
Inability to Experience the product before purchase.
Need for internet access device. Fraudulent activity may take place. Delay in receiving goods.
Expense and expertise needed for e-commerce.
There are various types of electronic commerce and various methods to characterize these clusters. The major types of E-Commerce are,
1. Business-to- Business (B2B). 2. Business –to- Consumer(B2C).
3. Consumer- to- Business (C2B). 4. Consumer -to –Consumer (C2C). 5. Peer –to- Peer (P2P).
6. M - Commerce.
1. Business-to-Business (B2B):
A possible explanation for this might be that Business-to-Business includes online wholesaling in which business sell materials products and services to other business on the websites. Companies doing business with each other such as manufacturers selling to distributors and wholesalers selling to retailers. Pricing is based on quantity of order and is often negotiable.
2. Business –to- Consumer(B2C):
Bussiness to consumer refers to transactions between a business and its end cosumer. Portals such as Yahoo.com and MSN.Com offers users useful web search tools and many services such as news, email, instant messaging, shopping and others. By charging advertisers for ad placement, collecting referral fees for steering consumers to other sites and charging for premiums service portals, can generate a massive revenue.
3. Consumer- to- Business (C2B):
Consumer-to-Business is the transfer of services, goods or information from persons to business or it is a business or it is a business model where end users create products and services that are used by business and institutions.
4. Consumer -to –Consumer (C2C):
5. Peer –to- Peer (P2P).
Peer-to-peer (P2P) e-commerce enables internet users to share files and computer resources directly without having to go through a central web server. No intermediary is required in peer-to-peer’s purest form.
6. M.Commerce:
The term Mobile Commerce was invented in 1997 to aim “the buying and selling of products ,information & services” Via wireless hand held devices such as cellular phones, laptops, and personal digital assistants.
Mobile commerce (M-Commerce) refers to the use of wireless digital devices to enable transactions on the web. Many types of transactions can be conducted by Mobile consumers, including stock trade, in store price comparisons, banking, travel reservations and more.
VI.E-COMMERCE PROCESS
VII.INDIA’S PROSPECTS IN E-COMMERCE
1. OPPORTUNITY FOR RETAILERS:
A retailer can save his existence by linking his business with the on-line distribution. By doing so, they can make available much additional information about various things to the consumers, meet electronic orders and be in touch with the consumers all the time. Therefore, E-Commerce is a good opportunity.
2. OPPORTUNITY FOR WHOLE
SALERS/DISTRIBUTER:
In the world of E-Commerce the existence of the wholesalers is at the greatest risk because the producer can easily ignore them and sell their goods to the retailers and the consumers. In such a situation those wholesalers can take advantage of E-Commerce who are capable of establishing contractors with reputed producers and linking their business with the on-line.
3. OPPORTUNITY FOR PRODUCERS:
Producers can take advantages of e-commerce by linking themselves with on-line, by giving better information about their products to the other links in the business chain and by having a brand identity. 4. OPPORTUNITY FOR PEOPLE:
As more people are getting linked with E-Commerce, the demand for centre providing internet facility or cyber café is also increasing. Hence, the people who wish to take advantage of it can establish cyber and have their benefits.
VIII.ESSENTIAL FACTORS FOR GROWTH OF E-COMMERCE IN INDIA
Customer convenience Guarantee on replacement Good reach
Multiple payment option Location based services Price is compared easily Quick services
Terms and conditions are clear Customer care centre is available Shipment option
LIST OF TOP ONLINE SHOPPING SITES IN INDIA
AMAZON INDIA FLIPKART
REDIFF SHOPPING
JABONG
YEPME
MYNTRA
Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2015 EBAY
NAAPTOL EZONE ONLINE
INDIA TIMES SHOPPING EMI BAZAAR
BAG IT TODAY D2H SHOP
INDIAN GIFTS PORTAL etc.
IX ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank my Guide Dr.D.Paulraj,Associate Professor and Head, Department of commerce, Voorhees College, vellore, for his continuous support and encouragement for complementing this research paper and also a special thanks to all my professors and colleagues for guiding me a lot for my development.
X CONCLUSION
Commerce plays a very big role in our society. It grows extremely faster and brings many changes in markets, industries, individual business and society. It also generates new jobs in all fields from marketing to management, entrepreneurial studies and information system. A developing country can be rationalized and merchandized if it introduces e-commerce effectively and efficiently. Hence, E-commerce brings extraordinary changes which contribute more to the latest developments.
REFERENCES
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[3]Fernando Almeida, Jose D. Santos & Jose A. Monteiro “E-Commerce Business Models in the Context of web 3.0 Paradigm”International journal of Advanced Information Technology(Dec.2013) Vol.3, No.6.
[4]Hamid Jebur, Hamed Gheysari, Parastoo Roghanian “E-commerce Reality and controversial Issue”
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[5]Nisha chanana, sangeetha Goele “Future of E-Commerce in India” International journal of computing and Business research (Proceedings of I-Society 2012 at GKV, Tal wandi sabo Bathinda punjab)ISSN (Online): 2229-6166.
[6]Niranjanamurthy M, Kavyashree N, Mr.S.Jagannath, Dr.Dharmendra chahar “Analysis of E-Commerce and M-Commerce: Advantages, Limitations and security Issues” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering,Vol.2, Issue 6, June 2013.
[7]N.Shafiyah, R.Aksaqour, H.Shakar, O.Alsaqour and M.Uddin “Review on Electronic Commerce” Middle –East journal of Scientific Research, 18 (9):1357-1365, 2013, ISSN:1990-9233.
[8] Robin Mansell “Electronic Commerce:Conceptual Pitfalls and practical realities.” http://eprints ise.ac.uk (2003) Prometheus, 21 (4) pp.429-447.
[9]Vladimir zwass “Electronic Commerce and
organizational Innovation: Aspects and opportunities” International journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol.7, No.3, pp-7-37, spring 2003.
[10] Yaser Ahangari, Nanehkaran “An
Introduction to Electronic Commerce”,International journal of scientific and Technology Research, Vol.2, Issue 4, April 2013.
