A
A bit sent in every 1.25ms intervals on tbe forward traffic channel to the MS to --> increase or decreases its transmit power
A broadband umbrella-pattern antenna consists of--> a bioconical antenna in which one of the cones is extended to 1800
A channel consists of two frequency channel bandwidths --> one in low band and one in the high band
A forward CDMA channel contains-->64 code channels,
A handoff could be delayed if --> no available cell could take the call A handoff request is initiated when the-- > signal strength drops below the first handoff level
A high-gain broad band umbrella-pattern antenna can be constructed by -->
vertically stacking a number of umbrella-pattern antennas
A hybrid ring combiner used in an omnicell site to reduce the --> number of transmitting antennas
A tilted antenna arrangement is used in cellular sygtems, to --> reduce the interference
A two handoff lev-rtla Igor=i m is that it makes the handoff occur at--> the proper location and eliminates possible interference
An access channels are used for the --> mobile-originating calls
An antenna configuration that reduces interference in two critical direction is consists of --> a parasitic element is about 1.05 times longer than the active element
An array consists of 2N elements and equi-spaced by a separation "d", then the general pattern for both sum and difference is --
> 𝑵𝒏−𝟏𝑰𝒏𝐞𝐱𝐩 𝒋𝟐𝒏−𝟏
𝟐 𝜷𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽𝟎 + 𝑰 − 𝒏[−𝒋𝟐𝒏−𝟏
𝟐 𝜷𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽𝟎 ]
An interface represents the —> point of contact between two adjacent entities
An paging channels are used for the --> land-originating calls
As the cell splitting continues, the general formula for new traffic load is --
> (4)^n x ( the traffic load of start-up cell)
At 850MHz, the separation of eight wavelengths between two receiving antennas creates a power difference of --> ±2 dB
At the cell site the Space diversity antennas are separated by -->
At the cell site, signal strength is monitored from --> reverse voice channel
C
Channel assignment refers to the --> allocation of specific channels to cell sites and mobile units
Channel borrowing can be implemented fro -> air cell-site face to another face at the same cell site
Channel borrowing is usually handled on a--> long term basis Channel sharing is a --> short-term traffic-relief scheme
Code channel 32 in the forward CDMA channel is the --> sync channel Commonly used formula of dropped call rate P in a noise-limited case is--
>𝑷 = ∝ 𝒆 𝟏 − 𝟏 − 𝜹 𝝅
Commonly used formula of dropped call rate P in a noise-limited case is --
> 𝑷 = ∝ 𝒆 𝟏 − 𝟏 − µ 𝝅
Control channels are the channels designated to --> set up calls D
Dolph-Chebyshev synthesis of sum patterns method is used to --> reduce the level of side lobes
E
Each time slot of a voice channel contains --> 260 bits per block F
FACCH is used for --> cell establishment and authentication
Find the time interval between two consecutive measurements of any single channel in a continuous scan of 333 channels is and scanning each channel takes 20ms?—> 6.6s
For a non uniform traffic distribution, the load increase of both INCA and FBCA at 4 percent then the blocking is about--> 50%
For a sum pattern, the current amplitudes are--> all are the same
For difference pattern the current amplitudes are --> one side half of the elements are positive and other side are negative
For Flat terrain an antenna location can be found within a --> quarter of the size of cell
For genes tulle e gain of antenna used is--> 2 to 3 dB
For the congested cells, the MTSO can request cell sites to--> create early handoffs
For the microcells coverage sectors and frequency sectors are--> same Frequency correction channel is used to --> identify a beacon frequency H
Hybrid channel assignment is combination of--> fixed and dynamic channel assignment
I
If no neighboring calls aretrailable after the second handoff level is reached, then the --> call continuous until the signal strength drops below the threshold level
If no set-up channels of block A are operational, the mobile unit -->
automatically switches to block B
If six subsets of seven cell frequency-reuse cell system are equipped in an omnicell site, then the minimum separation between two adjacent channel is --> three physical channel bandwidths
If the antennas are located closer, the difference in power between two antennas at a given pointing angle is--> increases
If the antennas are located closer, the power difference between two antenna)is excessive then--> the space diversity will not reduce the fading
If the hybrid ring combiner is used in an omniceli, then the number of transmitting antennas required for 90 radio signals is --> reduced from 6 to 3
If the power difference delta < -3dB then there is a --> no handoff
If the received power level is greater than the given set-up threshold level, then the call request will be --> taken
If the sector angle is reduced then the number of channels in sector is -->
increased
If the set up channels are not used then the --> to initiate a call it must be scan all the channels
If the setup channel antennas are omnidirectional, then each needs -> one set up channel
If the set-up channels are not used in cellular system then --> all the channels are voice channels to initiate a call it must be scan all the channels
If the traffic is increased in the K=7 cell pattern with 1200 sectors, the number of transmitting antennas used for sector is —> 2
In 666 channel cellular system, 312 voice channels are grouped into 21 subsets, each subset consists of --> 16 channels
In 666 channel cellular system, 312 voice channels are grouped into 21 subsets, in each subset the closest adjacent channels is --> 21 channels away
In 666 channels system, the 42 set-up channels are assigned as follows ->
channels 313-333 for block A and channels 334-354 for block B In 666 channels system, the cell-site transmit and mobile transmit frequencies for channel 666 are --> 844.98MHz & 889.9 MHz
In 666 channels system, the voice channels arc assigned as follows: -->
channels 1-312 for block A and channels 355-666 for block B In 666 channels system. the cell-site transmit and mobile transmit frequencies for channel 1 are --> 825.030MHz & 870.030MHz In a directional antenna cell system, if one channel is assigned to face iextannels are assigned in--> next sector
In a fixed channel assignment, the channels are usually assigne fib tell site for --> long periods
In a normal umbrella- pattern antenna, the size of top disk determines the--
> tilting angle
In a seven cell frequency-reuse cell system, the number of voice channels in a cell is about 4 then the minimum separation between three subsets is --
>7 channels
In a start up system, an omnicell, the transmitting antennas are--> all are omnidirectional
In an omnicell site, the number of transmitting and receiving antennas for 90 voice radios are --> 6 and 2
In an omnidirectional cell system, if one channel is assigned to the middle cell of seven cells, then the next channel is --> cannot assigned in the same cell
In an omnidirectional cell, the frequency reuse distance of a seven cell reuse pattern is --> 4.6R
In CDMA systems, the value of frequency reuse factor is --> 1 In CDMA, the frame for sync channel is--> 26.666ms
In channel-sharing systems, the channel combiner should be --> flexible in order to combine up to 32 channels in one face
In GSM terminology, the down link means --> the sign transmitted from the base station to the mobile station
In K=7 cell pattern with 1200 sectors, the number of transmitting and receiving antennas used are --> 1 and 2
In Normal antenna configuration, two receiving antennas are used for-->
diversity
In soft handoff , there is-> no need to change from one frequency to another frequency
In start up system configuration, the number of radio transmitters are-- >
16
In start up system configuration, the number of receiver antennas used to receive the 45 voice radio signals are-->2
In the borrowing channel assignment , each cell assigns -> a fixed channel and when all the fixed channels are occupied then cell borrows
channels from the neighboring cells
In the cell-siteHandoff scheme, when the mobile unit leaves its home cell and enters a new cell, then the frequency --> does not change
In the dynamic channel assignment , each cell assigns --> any channel in a composite of 312 radio channels can be assigned to the mobile unit In the fixed channel assignment , each cell assigns --> its own radio channels to the vehicles within its cell
In the following system, the paging channels and access channels same-->
low traffic system
In the method of Taylor synthesis of sum patterns, the antenna pattern if determined from an aperture current distribution g(1) is--> 𝒈 𝒍 𝒆−∝∝ 𝒋𝜷𝒍𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽𝒅𝒍 In which of the following circumstance where handoffs are nebessa but cannot be made-->when the mobile unit is located at a signal strength hole within a tdill but not at the boundary
Intersystem handoff means that a call handoff can be transferred from-->
one system to a second system P
Permanent cell splitting techniques is used for --> small cell sties
Providing equivalent two-site diversity in the handoff it ion, the probability of dropping a call rate is --> reduced
A gyroscope and a fifth wheel are used for determining the vehicle —>
direction and distance S
Separation between transmitting and receiving antenna should be minimized to avoid the,--> receiver desensitization
Separation between two receiving antennas should be minimized to reduce the --> antenna pattern ripple effects
Separation between two transmitting antennas should be minimized to avoid the --> inter modulation
T
TCH/F transmits a speech code of --> 13kbps
The 3-dB high-gain antenna shows a --> 3-dB gain over the quarter- wave antenna
The 666 channels are divided into two groups and each group have a number of channels of --> 333 and 333
The antenna gain for glass-mounted antennas is --> 1 to 3dB depending on the operating frequency
The assignment of certain sets of voice channels in each cell site is based on--> minimum co-channel and adjacent channel interference
The basic aim of the antenna pattern is to obtain --> uniform coverage The call broadcast channel is used to send the following two channels in parallel -->CBCH and BCCH
The call dropped rate totally depends on the--> interference
The call is dropped when the --> signal strength drops below the threshold level
The cell site can assign a low handoff threshold in a cell --> to keep a mobile unit in a cell longer
The cell site can assign a low handoff threshold in a cell --> to request a handoff earlier
The cell size decreases, the use of set-up channels is --> increases The cell-site handoff scheme is recommended for areas of --> very low traffic
The co-channel interference is less in the following cells --> both overlaid and underlaid cells
The co-channel interference reduction factor after cell splitting is -->
remains same
The cost of the cell- site handoff system is low because --> no need to provide handoff capability at the mobile unit
The definition of a blocked call is --> that the call is dropped due to no available voice channel
The definition of a dropped call is--> after the call establis ed but before it is properly terminated
The degree of accuracy is poor for triangulation method used to find the location of the mobile unit because of the--> multipath phenomenon The degree of separation between two fading envelopes received at cell site is determined by -->the degree of separation between two receiving antennas
The difference pattern of antenna produces a --> twin main beams straddling
The draw back of paging channel set up system is that the --> response time is sometime too long
The dropped call rate and the specified voice quality level are--> inversely proportional
The elevation angle for scattered signals received in urban areas compared to suburban areas is--> greater
The following are the parameter which determine how the antenna will be used in a mobile radio --> environment and beam width
The following is make the recatests of handoff calls in queuing --> MTSO The following is take care of handoff a call to the neighbouring cell -->
mobile unit
The following is used to link one or more MSCs, temporarily storing subscription data current served by its corresponding MSC --> VLR The following method is used to synthesis the difference patterns -->
Bayliss synthesis
The following techniques are used to increase the frequency spectrum except --> increasing the load of invalid calls
The following type of hand° is used in CDMA digital cellular system --> soft hand off
The following type of message is used for paging --> mobile station control message
The following unit carries out encoding and speech decoding and rate adaption for transmitting data --> transcoder /rate adaption unit
The forcible-borrowing channel assignment algorithm is based on assigning a channel --> dynamically and obeying the rule of reuse distance The forward set-up channel and reverse set-up channel are transmitted at the —> cell site and mobile unit respectively
The frame duration in TDMA is--> 4.615ms
The function of EIR is-> stores the data of mobile equipment
The function of frequency management is --> divide the total number of available channels into subsets
The general formula of dropped call rate P is -->P= 𝑵𝒏=𝟎𝜶𝒏[𝟏 − {(𝟏 − 𝜹)(𝟏 − µ)(𝟏 − 𝜽𝒗)(𝟏 − 𝜷)𝟐
The GSM consists of the following subsystems a--> MS, BSS, NSS and OSS The handoff is implemented on the --> always in voice channels
The handoff is needed when the --> cell site receives weak signals from the mobile unit
The high gain antenna pattern is suppressed --> vertically
The limitation of a small cell is based on the --> accuracy of vehicle locations and control of the radiation patterns of the antennas The main beam of the antenna pattern is known as --> sum pattern The mean path loss with respect to distance between transmit and receive antennas is -->exponentially increased
The midamble is used in the receiver to --> trains an equalizer
The mobile antenna with a gain of more than 3dB can receive --> only a limited portion of the total multipath signal
The Mobile station consists of --> mobile equipment and subscriber identity module
The Mobile Telephone Switching level usually controls the--> frequency assignment in each cell
The mobile,leaves cell site A of system A and enters cell site B of system B, then --> MTSO A sends the handoff request to MTS0 B through a dedicated line
The near-end-far-end interference occur in thea--> neighboring channels The NSS uses the STP to transport signaling among --> MSC and HLR The null free patterns can be represented as -->F(u)= 𝑲 𝝅𝒔𝒊𝒏𝝅𝒖
𝝅𝒖
The null traffic data serve to maintain the --> connectivity between MS and BS when no service is active
The number of 1200 sectors in a Al system is --> 3
The number of access channels in the revers DIV4 channel is--> 32 The number of bits in one time slot of TDMA frame is --> 156bits
The number of GPSs are required to measure three dimensions of vehicle accurately is--> four
The number of tail bits in each burst is --> three '0' bits at the beginning and end
The number of training bits in one time slot of TDMA frame is--> 26 bits The paging channel slot in forward CDMA channel has a interval of -->
200ms
The percent increase in load will result --> the percent reduction in the number channels
The pilot channel of forward CDMA sends -->all Os at 19.2kbps
The position of glass-mounted antenna compared to roof mounted antenna is --> lower height
The power difference of a mobile signal received b two cell sites defined as--
> the mobile signal measured at the candidate handoff site the mobile signal measured at the home site
The power of the set-up channel, when the traffic is heavy--> decreased The radio capacity m of a cellular system for a six co-channel interferers which occur in busy traffic is -->(m-BT/BC) 𝟐
𝟑(𝑪 𝑳 )
The radio transmission modes uses the--> physical channels
The relation between path loss 'L' and the distance between transmit and receive antenna 'd' if -->Lα[Ld(𝒅
𝒅𝟎)−𝒏(n is path loss exponent, du is reference distance LB propagation loss of the line of sight path)
The request for a handoff in mobile assisted hand off procedure is base in the --> signal strength
The reuse distance in the Forcible-borrowing channel assignment is-->
distance between the two cells
The scattered signals arriving under out-of-sight conditions are spread over a --> wide elevation angle
The sets-up channels are also called --> control channel
The signal strength threshold level for interference limited systems is--> - 95dBm
The spectrum efficiency of multiple-K system compared to single K system is --> 20% more
The three kinds of physical channels are --> TCH/F ,TCH/H, TCH/8 The total number of channel in cellular system is 1023 among of these the number of assigned channels between 799 and 991 are --> 0
The traffic capacity at an omnidirectional cell can be increased by using --
>underlay and overlay arrangement
The transmitted power of cell after splitting is--> reduced to 10dB less than the old transmitted power
The trunking efficiency in sectorization compared to sell splitting for the same number of channels is -->decreased
The type of interface between BTS and BSC is --> A-bis interface The type of interface between MSC and BSC is--> A interface The type of interface between MSC and BTC is--> air interface
The umbrella pattern antenna can be developed by fading is --> using a monopole with a top disk
The value of A should be varied according to the --> path-loss slope and level crossing rate of the received signal strength
The value of carrier to interference ratio at the cell boundary for hand off should be --> 18dB
The value of co-channel reduction factor for flat terrain is --> 4.6
The value of implementing handoffs is dependent on the --> size of the cell
The vertical separation between two space-diversity antennas can be determined from the -->correlation between their received signals
There are two types of handoff based on the --> signal strength and carrier to interference ratio
To achieve the advantage of diversity, the two vehicle-mounted antennas separated by —> horizontally by 0.5λ
To control the acceptance of incoming calls and handoff calls, during heavy traffic setup and voice channels have to use the ( c )m --> less
transmitted power and raise the threshold level for reverse operation To facilitate scanning of channels by frequency synthesizer, the 42 set-up channels are assigned --> in the middle of all the assigned channels To obey the adjacent-channel assignment algorithm, the sharing is always - -> cyclic
To reduce the call dropped rate, the response time for a hand off request has to be--> shorter
To reduce the channel interference the following is used--> directional antennas
Trunking efficiency of channels using Sharing is always —> increases Two branch space diversity antennas are used at the cell site to receive the
—> same signal with different fading envelopes
Two fading envelops of the same signal received by two antennas, the combined fading is-->reduced
W
When the Idle bits are received, the mobile unit can use the corresponding - -> reverse set-up channel to initiate a call
When the second handoff level is reached, the call will be --> handed off with no condition
Which of the following channel is answered from the base station and allocates a channel during the access procedure of setting up a call -->
PAGCH
Which of the following is the common uplink channel —> RAGH
Which of the following system does not require handoff while changing sectors? --> 1200- or 600sector cell is used for receiving sectorization
