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(1)

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=.0. ^

=.0. ^uetks

uetks ` tbeb

` tbebr be

r be iubet`

iubet` ...

... <<

=.0.0.

=.0.0. Bd Bd mfhuok mfhuok mb mb d`s d`s vbet`e`s vbet`e`s <<

=.0.8. =.0.8. D` D` pubrt` pubrt` << =.0.9. =.0.9. Bsi`d` Bsi`d` << =.0.=. =.0.=. Ikt`s Ikt`s 11 =.0.=.0.

=.0.=.0. Ikt`s Ikt`s p`rif`dbs p`rif`dbs : : 

=.0.=.8.

=.0.=.8. Ikt`s Ikt`s mb mb efvbd efvbd 6 6 

=.0.2. =.0.2. Dçgftb Dçgftb mbd mbd tbrrbek tbrrbek 66 =.0.<. =.0.<. ^rkybiifkebs ^rkybiifkebs 66

=.8.

=.8. ]fpks

]fpks mb

mb pd`eks

pd`eks ...

... 66

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fifùe ... 0>

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2.8. Bsi`d`

Bsi`d` aràlfi

aràlfi`

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2.9. ]fpks

]fpks mb

mb bsi`d`s

bsi`d`s ...

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2.=.

2.=. Bsi`d`s

Bsi`d`s ekrg`dfz

ekrg`dfz`m`s

`m`s ...

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2.2. ]fpks mb pd`eks sbaÿe bsi`d` ... 08

2.2. ]fpks mb pd`eks sbaÿe bsi`d` ... 08

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s sbrfb @ ...

b @ ... 08

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<.8. Lkrg`tks `d`ra`mks bspbif`dbs ... 0<

<.8. Lkrg`tks `d`ra`mks bspbif`dbs ... 0<

<.9. Lkrg`tks `d`ra`mks bxibpifke`dbs ... 0<

<.9. Lkrg`tks `d`ra`mks bxibpifke`dbs ... 0<

<.=.

<.=. Dçeb`s ...

Dçeb`s ... 01

01

<.=.0.

<.=.0. Id`sbs Id`sbs y y bspbskrbs bspbskrbs mb mb dçeb`s dçeb`s 0101 <.=.8.

<.=.8. Arupks Arupks mb mb dçeb`s dçeb`s 0:0:

<.=.9.

<.=.9. @pdfi`ifkebs @pdfi`ifkebs mb mb d`s d`s dçeb`s dçeb`s 0:0:

<.2.

(2)

Bei`re`ifùe

Bei`re`ifùe G`rçe G`rçe I`h`ddbrk I`h`ddbrk ^àafe` ^àafe` 8 8 mb mb 8181

<.<. Femfi`ifkebs be dks lkrg`tks ... 8>

<.<. Femfi`ifkebs be dks lkrg`tks ... 8>

<.<.0. <.<.0. Gàrabebs Gàrabebs 8080 <.<.8. <.<.8. G`rik G`rik 8080 <.<.9.

<.<.9. Iu`mrk Iu`mrk mb mb rktud`ifùe rktud`ifùe 8080

<.<.=.

<.<.=. Ybð`dbs Ybð`dbs mb mb ibetr`mk ibetr`mk 8080

<.<.2.

<.<.2. Ybð`dbs Ybð`dbs mb mb krfbet`ifùe krfbet`ifùe 8888

<.<.<.

<.<.<. Ar`mu`ifùe Ar`mu`ifùe gætrfi` gætrfi` mb mb rblbrbeif` rblbrbeif` 8888

<.1. Iu`mrk mb rktud`ifùe ... 88

<.1. Iu`mrk mb rktud`ifùe ... 88

<.:. ^dba`mk mb pd`eks ... 89

<.:. ^dba`mk mb pd`eks ... 89

1.

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XIJF\@MK MB ^D@EKYXIJF\@MK MB ^D@EKY

8=

8=

1.0. @rijfvk mb pd`eks krfafe`dbs ... 8=

1.0. @rijfvk mb pd`eks krfafe`dbs ... 8=

1.8. H`

1.8. H`sb mb

sb mb m`tks

m`tks mb pd`e

mb pd`eks

ks ...

... 82

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(3)

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Dks

Dks pd`ekspd`eks  mbd prkybitk tfbebe i`ràitbr vfeiud`etb, ske  mbd prkybitk tfbebe i`ràitbr vfeiud`etb, ske mkiugbetks qub krmbe`e bobiut`r d`mkiugbetks qub krmbe`e bobiut`r d` khr` t`d ikgk sb mblfeb be bddks 

khr` t`d ikgk sb mblfeb be bddks . @d prfeifpfk sb feiduyb ue. @d prfeifpfk sb feiduyb ue çemfib çemfib  mkemb lfaur`e dks pd`eks mb qub ikest` mkemb lfaur`e dks pd`eks mb qub ikest`

bd prkybitk eugbr`mks. bd prkybitk eugbr`mks.

Ybaÿe bd tfpk mb prkybitk, dks

Ybaÿe bd tfpk mb prkybitk, dks pd`eks ske mfstfetks?pd`eks ske mfstfetks?

 ^d`eks mb sftu`ifùe abkaràlfi`.^d`eks mb sftu`ifùe abkaràlfi`.

^d`ek mb ue` zke` mb @rrbiflb. ^d`ek mb ue` zke` mb @rrbiflb.

(4)

Bei`re`ifùe

Bei`re`ifùe G`rçe G`rçe I`h`ddbrk I`h`ddbrk ^àafe` ^àafe` = = mb mb 8181

 ^d`eks mb `rquftbitur` (bmflfifks).^d`eks mb `rquftbitur` (bmflfifks).

^d`ek mb 8 bmflfifks ikebit`mks pkr ikijbr`. ^d`ek mb 8 bmflfifks ikebit`mks pkr ikijbr`.

 ^d`eks mb khr` ifvfd (gkvfgfbetks mb tbrrbek, z`eo`s, bti.).^d`eks mb khr` ifvfd (gkvfgfbetks mb tbrrbek, z`eo`s, bti.). 

 ^d`eks mb bstruitur` y ifgbet`ifkebs.^d`eks mb bstruitur` y ifgbet`ifkebs. 

 ^d`eks mb fest`d`ifkebs.^d`eks mb fest`d`ifkebs.

^d`ek mb fest`d`ifkebs y rbmbs fetbrfkrbs mb usu`rfk. ^d`ek mb fest`d`ifkebs y rbmbs fetbrfkrbs mb usu`rfk.

(5)

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Dks

Dks pd`ekspd`eks ske mfhuoks qub rbprbsbet`e d`s vfst`s mb ue khobtk mbsmb mfstfet`s pksfifkebs. ske mfhuoks qub rbprbsbet`e d`s vfst`s mb ue khobtk mbsmb mfstfet`s pksfifkebs.

9.

9.

^

^

D@EKYD@EKY

Bxfstbe dks sfaufbetbs

Bxfstbe dks sfaufbetbs tfpks mb pd`eks tfpks mb pd`eks ??

 ^d`eks mb pd`et`^d`eks mb pd`et` (vfstks mbsmb `rrfh`).(vfstks mbsmb `rrfh`). 

 ^d`eks mb `dz`mk k lrbetb^d`eks mb `dz`mk k lrbetb (vfstks mb lrbetb). (vfstks mb lrbetb). 

 ^d`eks mb pbrlfd k \fst`s^d`eks mb pbrlfd k \fst`s  (vfstk mb ikst`mk), be rb`dfm`m bs ikgk sf tuvfær`gks ue iuhk, dk  (vfstk mb ikst`mk), be rb`dfm`m bs ikgk sf tuvfær`gks ue iuhk, dk

mbspdbaàr`gks y tkmk dk qub j`y be bs` i`r` bstà rbprbsbet`mk be ue pd`ek. mbspdbaàr`gks y tkmk dk qub j`y be bs` i`r` bstà rbprbsbet`mk be ue pd`ek.

 ^d`eks mb mbt`ddbs^d`eks mb mbt`ddbs (bstàe ` ue` bsi`d` g`ykr p`r` `prbif`r gbokr  (bstàe ` ue` bsi`d` g`ykr p`r` `prbif`r gbokr dks mbt`ddbs).dks mbt`ddbs). 

 ^d`eks mb sbiifùe k Ikrtb^d`eks mb sbiifùe k Ikrtb (bs iùgk vbrç`gks bs` i`r` sf db mfær`gks ue ikrtb fg`afe`rfk). (bs iùgk vbrç`gks bs` i`r` sf db mfær`gks ue ikrtb fg`afe`rfk).

Be ikestruiifùe, `mbgàs, tbemrbgks

Be ikestruiifùe, `mbgàs, tbemrbgks pd`eks mb sftu`ifùe, fgpd`et`ifùe k sbghr`mkpd`eks mb sftu`ifùe, fgpd`et`ifùe k sbghr`mk (sfgpdbgbetb bs ue pd`ek qub gubstr` d`s i`ddbs k tbrrbek be mkemb sb femfi` bd dua`r mkemb fr` d`s (sfgpdbgbetb bs ue pd`ek qub gubstr` d`s i`ddbs k tbrrbek be mkemb sb femfi` bd dua`r mkemb fr` d`s mfstfet`s p`rtbs qub ikgpkebe ue` khr`).

mfstfet`s p`rtbs qub ikgpkebe ue` khr`).

=.

=.

^

^

D@EK MB ^D@E]@D@EK MB ^D@E]@

Bstb tfpk mb pd`ek gubstr` iùgk sb vbrç` bd bmflfifk mbsmb `rrfh` sf sb ikrt`r` ` 0 gbtrk mbd Bstb tfpk mb pd`ek gubstr` iùgk sb vbrç` bd bmflfifk mbsmb `rrfh` sf sb ikrt`r` ` 0 gbtrk mbd efvbd mbd pfsk abebr`dgbetb (bstb efvbd pubmb v`rf`r sbaÿe d` ebibsfm`m mb gkstr`r mbt`ddbs mbd efvbd mbd pfsk abebr`dgbetb (bstb efvbd pubmb v`rf`r sbaÿe d` ebibsfm`m mb gkstr`r mbt`ddbs mbd prkybitk qub sb beiubetrbe pkr beifg` mb bstb efvbd).

prkybitk qub sb beiubetrbe pkr beifg` mb bstb efvbd). Yke dks

Yke dks  prfgbrks  prfgbrks pd`eks pd`eks mb mb ue` ue` khr` khr` , y pbrgftbe betbembr ràpfm`gbetb iùgk bs d` khr` `, y pbrgftbe betbembr ràpfm`gbetb iùgk bs d` khr` `

ar`embs r`saks. ar`embs r`saks.

Gubstr`e

Gubstr`e d` pksfifùe mb d`s p`rbmbs, ifgbet`ifkebs, dks bobs, efvbdbs, mbgàs fest`d`ifkebs d` pksfifùe mb d`s p`rbmbs, ifgbet`ifkebs, dks bobs, efvbdbs, mbgàs fest`d`ifkebs ..

Bobgpdk?

Bobgpdk? ]kg`rbgks bd gkmbdk mb ue` i`s` gu ]kg`rbgks bd gkmbdk mb ue` i`s` guy sfgpdb y j`rbgks su pd`et`.y sfgpdb y j`rbgks su pd`et`.

0)

0) Yb gubstr` d` i`s`.Yb gubstr` d` i`s`. 8)

8) Yb fmbetflfi`e dks bdbgbetks qub `p`rbibràe be d` pdYb fmbetflfi`e dks bdbgbetks qub `p`rbibràe be d` pd`et`.`et`. 9)

9) Yb gubstr` be rkok d` dçeb` (fg`afe`rf`) mb ikrtb y pkr mkemb sb ikrt`rà i`m` bdbgbetk (p`rbm,Yb gubstr` be rkok d` dçeb` (fg`afe`rf`) mb ikrtb y pkr mkemb sb ikrt`rà i`m` bdbgbetk (p`rbm, pubrt`, vbet`e`s).

pubrt`, vbet`e`s). =)

=) Yb gubstr` d` i`s` ikrt`m`.Yb gubstr` d` i`s` ikrt`m`. 2)

(6)

Bei`re`ifùe

Bei`re`ifùe G`rçe G`rçe I`h`ddbrk I`h`ddbrk ^àafe` ^àafe` < < mb mb 8181

Be bd

Be bd pd`ek  pd`ek mb mb pd`et` pd`et`   ek sb us`e ikdkrbs, bd rkok skdk dk us`gks be d` fg`abe `etbrfkr p`r`  ek sb us`e ikdkrbs, bd rkok skdk dk us`gks be d` fg`abe `etbrfkr p`r`

gkstr`r bd ikrtb. gkstr`r bd ikrtb.

Be ue pd`ek mb pd`et` dk qub sb ikrt` y dk qub qubm` —mb lkemk‗ sb mflbrbeif` ike bd

Be ue pd`ek mb pd`et` dk qub sb ikrt` y dk qub qubm` —mb lkemk‗ sb mflbrbeif` ike bd bspbskr mbbspbskr mb

dçeb`

dçeb`, dk qub sb beiubetr` gàs `rrfh` (bstà gàs ibri` mbd khsbrv`mkr) y sb mfhuo` ike, dk qub sb beiubetr` gàs `rrfh` (bstà gàs ibri` mbd khsbrv`mkr) y sb mfhuo` ike dçeb`s gàsdçeb`s gàs  arubs`s 

 arubs`s , dk qub bstà gàs `h`ok k tfbeb gbeks fgpkr, dk qub bstà gàs `h`ok k tfbeb gbeks fgpkrt`eif` sb mfhuo` iket`eif` sb mfhuo` ike dçeb`s gàs lfe`s dçeb`s gàs lfe`s ..

^d`ek mb pd`et`. ^d`ek mb pd`et`. =.0.

=.0.^uetks ` tbebr be iubet`^uetks ` tbebr be iubet`

Dks puetks ` tbebr be iubet` mb bstb

Dks puetks ` tbebr be iubet` mb bstb prfgbr pd`ek ske dks sfaufbetbs?prfgbr pd`ek ske dks sfaufbetbs? =.0.0.

=.0.0.Bd mfhuok mb d`s vbet`e`sBd mfhuok mb d`s vbet`e`s Be d`s

Be d`s vbet`e`svbet`e`s sb ikrt` bd vfmrfk y bd g`rik (qub sb mfhuo`e ike ue` sb ikrt` bd vfmrfk y bd g`rik (qub sb mfhuo`e ike ue` dçeb` arubs` dçeb` arubs` ), gfbetr`s qub), gfbetr`s qub

sb pubmb vbr gàs dboks bd `etbpbijk (d` ar`e p`rbm qub bstà `h`ok). sb pubmb vbr gàs dboks bd `etbpbijk (d` ar`e p`rbm qub bstà `h`ok). =.0.8.

=.0.8.D` pubrt`D` pubrt` D`s

D`s pubrt`spubrt`s  sfbgprb sb mfhuo`e `hfbrt`s, y sb mfhuo` ue`  sfbgprb sb mfhuo`e `hfbrt`s, y sb mfhuo` ue` dçeb` fg`afe`rf`dçeb` fg`afe`rf`  qub gubstr` bd  qub gubstr` bd rbikrrfmk mb d` pubrt` `d `hrfrsb. Bst`

rbikrrfmk mb d` pubrt` `d `hrfrsb. Bst` dçeb` dçeb`  bs mb pki` fgpkrt`eif`, pkr bsk sb mfhuo` bs mb pki` fgpkrt`eif`, pkr bsk sb mfhuo` gbeks arubs` gbeks arubs` ..

Dk fgpkrt`etb mb bst` p`rtb mbd mfhuok bs qub eks femfi` p`r` quæ d`mk mbhb

Dk fgpkrt`etb mb bst` p`rtb mbd mfhuok bs qub eks femfi` p`r` quæ d`mk mbhb `hrfr d` pubrt` `hrfr d` pubrt` ??

`mbetrk k `lubr`, fzqufbrm` k mbrbij` y sf mur`etb su rbikrrfmk `lbit` ` bdbgbetks uhfi`mks be bd dki`d, `mbetrk k `lubr`, fzqufbrm` k mbrbij` y sf mur`etb su rbikrrfmk `lbit` ` bdbgbetks uhfi`mks be bd dki`d, ikgk ue fekmkrk k ue` bsi`dbr`.

ikgk ue fekmkrk k ue` bsi`dbr`. =.0.9.

=.0.9.Bsi`d`Bsi`d`

Be ue pd`ek tkm`s d`s gbmfm`s ske

Be ue pd`ek tkm`s d`s gbmfm`s ske prkpkrifke`dbs  prkpkrifke`dbs , bs mbifr, sf d` i`s` qub sb v` ` ikestrufr tfbeb, bs mbifr, sf d` i`s` qub sb v` ` ikestrufr tfbeb

mks p`rbmbs y ue` bs bd mkhdb mb ar`emb qub d` ktr`, be bd pd`ek sbrà ue` mbd mkhdb mb d`rak qub d` ktr`. mks p`rbmbs y ue` bs bd mkhdb mb ar`emb qub d` ktr`, be bd pd`ek sbrà ue` mbd mkhdb mb d`rak qub d` ktr`. Yf ske d`s mks fau`dbs, be bd pd`ek gbmfràe dk gfsgk. ^kr t`etk, pkmbgks mbifr qub tkmks dks bdbgbetks Yf ske d`s mks fau`dbs, be bd pd`ek gbmfràe dk gfsgk. ^kr t`etk, pkmbgks mbifr qub tkmks dks bdbgbetks g`etbemràe ue` prkpkrifùe betrb sç, y pkr bstk tbemràe ue` prkpkrifùe ike d` i`s` rb`d. @ bst` g`etbemràe ue` prkpkrifùe betrb sç, y pkr bstk tbemràe ue` prkpkrifùe ike d` i`s` rb`d. @ bst`

 prkpkrifùe betrb bd mfhuok y d` rb`dfm`m 

 prkpkrifùe betrb bd mfhuok y d` rb`dfm`m  d` dd`g`gks d` dd`g`gks bsi`d`bsi`d`..

`dfm`m  `dfm`m   Mfhu  Mfhuokok  Bsi  Bsi`d``d` Xb Xb  

(7)

Bobgpdk?

Bobgpdk? Dks pd`eks mb pd`et` mb khr` subdbe us`r  Dks pd`eks mb pd`et` mb khr` subdbe us`r bsi`d`s mb 0?2> k 0?0>>.bsi`d`s mb 0?2> k 0?0>>. `)

`) 0?2> 0?2> dk prkeueif`gks —uek ` ifeiubet`‗ ydk prkeueif`gks —uek ` ifeiubet`‗ y qufbrb mbifr qub tkm` gbmfm` mbd pd`ek bs 2> vbibs gàs qufbrb mbifr qub tkm` gbmfm` mbd pd`ek bs 2> vbibs gàs

ijfi` qub d` rb`dfm`m. ijfi` qub d` rb`dfm`m. h)

h) 0?0>> 0?0>>  (uek ` ifbe) qufbrb mbifr qub tkmk bs 0>> vbibs gàs ijfik, pkr dk qub be bd pd`ek gfmb 0 (uek ` ifbe) qufbrb mbifr qub tkmk bs 0>> vbibs gàs ijfik, pkr dk qub be bd pd`ek gfmb 0

ibetçgbtrk gfbetr`s qub be d` rb`dfm`m gfmb 0 gbtrk. ibetçgbtrk gfbetr`s qub be d` rb`dfm`m gfmb 0 gbtrk. D` bsi`d` sb utfdfz` be guij`s

D` bsi`d` sb utfdfz` be guij`s sftu`ifkebs mb d` vfm` mf`rf` sftu`ifkebs mb d` vfm` mf`rf` , pkr bobgpdk?, pkr bobgpdk?

Bobgpdk?

Bobgpdk? Femfi` quæ bsi`d` rbprbsbet` bd sfaufbetb sbagbetk qub gfmb mks ibetçgbtrks. Femfi` quæ bsi`d` rbprbsbet` bd sfaufbetb sbagbetk qub gfmb mks ibetçgbtrks.

Bstb bobrififk dk rbskdvbrbgks ike ue` rbad` mb trbs. Bstb bobrififk dk rbskdvbrbgks ike ue` rbad` mb trbs.

0>> g be d` rb`dfm`m ske 8 ig be bd mfhuok. 0>> g be d` rb`dfm`m ske 8 ig be bd mfhuok. 0>> g 7 0>.>>> ig 0>> g 7 0>.>>> ig Yf 8 ig bqufv`dbe ` 0>.>>> ig be d` rb`dfm`m, 0 ig bqufv`dmrà ` x. Yf 8 ig bqufv`dbe ` 0>.>>> ig be d` rb`dfm`m, 0 ig bqufv`dmrà ` x. 8 ig --- 0>.>>> ig 8 ig --- 0>.>>> ig )) ) x 7 ) x 7 ig ig ig ig ig ig 8 8 >>> >>> .. 0> 0> 0 0   7 2.>>> ig  7 2.>>> ig 0 0 ig ig --- --- x x ig ig )) Ykduifùe? D` bsi`d` bs 0?2.>>>. Ykduifùe? D` bsi`d` bs 0?2.>>>. =.0.=. =.0.=.Ikt`sIkt`s

^kr dk qub `i`h`gks mb vbr pkmrç`gks tkg`r tkm`s d`s gbmfm`s mb d` khr` gfmfbemk skhrb bd ^kr dk qub `i`h`gks mb vbr pkmrç`gks tkg`r tkm`s d`s gbmfm`s mb d` khr` gfmfbemk skhrb bd pd`ek ike ue`

pd`ek ike ue` rbad` rbad`  k ue k ue bsi`dçgbtrk bsi`dçgbtrk . Yfe bgh`rak, bd pd`ek mb pd`et` iubet` ike ue bdbgbetk aràlfik (d`. Yfe bgh`rak, bd pd`ek mb pd`et` iubet` ike ue bdbgbetk aràlfik (d`

ikt`

(8)

Bei`re`ifùe

Bei`re`ifùe G`rçe G`rçe I`h`ddbrk I`h`ddbrk ^àafe` ^àafe` : : mb mb 8181

=.0.=.0.

=.0.=.0. Ikt`s p`rif`dbsIkt`s p`rif`dbs

D`s

D`s ikt`s p`rif`dbsikt`s p`rif`dbs gfmbe ue` mfst`eif` mbetrk mbd pd`ek gfmbe ue` mfst`eif` mbetrk mbd pd`ek ? mfst`eif` betrb p`rbmbs p`r` ikekibr? mfst`eif` betrb p`rbmbs p`r` ikekibr

d` gbmfm` mb ue dki`d, mfst`eif` betrb bobs mb ikduge`, mfst`eif` betrb bd p`ðk mb ue` i`rpfetbrç` y d` d` gbmfm` mb ue dki`d, mfst`eif` betrb bobs mb ikduge`, mfst`eif` betrb bd p`ðk mb ue` i`rpfetbrç` y d` p`rbm gàs ibri`e`, bti.

p`rbm gàs ibri`e`, bti. Yb mfhuo`e ikgk ue`

Yb mfhuo`e ikgk ue` dçeb` iruz`m`dçeb` iruz`m`  pkr ktr`s gàs pbqubð`s be dks bxtrbgks qub femfi`e mb  pkr ktr`s gàs pbqubð`s be dks bxtrbgks qub femfi`e mb mkemb ` mkemb sb bstà tkg`emk d` gbmfm`.

mkemb ` mkemb sb bstà tkg`emk d` gbmfm`.

Bobgpdk?

(9)

=.0.=.8.

=.0.=.8. Ikt`s mb efvbdIkt`s mb efvbd

D`s

D`s ikt`s mb efvbdikt`s mb efvbd ske ue tfpk mb ikt`, qub be dua`r mb tkg`r mfst`eif`s jkrfzket`dbs (d`rak mb ske ue tfpk mb ikt`, qub be dua`r mb tkg`r mfst`eif`s jkrfzket`dbs (d`rak mb ue` p`rbm),

ue` p`rbm), femfi`e mflbrbeif` mb `dtur` femfi`e mflbrbeif` mb `dtur`  (mflbrbeif` mb `dtur` betrb ue pfsk y ktrk). (mflbrbeif` mb `dtur` betrb ue pfsk y ktrk).

^`r` bstk, sb femfi` be bd pd`ek iuàd bs bd efvbd mb rblbrbeif` ikekifmk ikgk

^`r` bstk, sb femfi` be bd pd`ek iuàd bs bd efvbd mb rblbrbeif` ikekifmk ikgk —bd ibrk‗ —bd ibrk‗ . @ p`rtfr. @ p`rtfr

mb bstb efvbd d`s ikt`s fefif`ràe be +0.28 (ue` supbrlfifb qub sb beiubetrb ` 0 gbtrk y 28 ibetçgbtrks mb bstb efvbd d`s ikt`s fefif`ràe be +0.28 (ue` supbrlfifb qub sb beiubetrb ` 0 gbtrk y 28 ibetçgbtrks gàs `rrfh` qub bd ibrk) y be ->.9> (ue` supbrlfifb qub sb beiubetrb ` 9> ibetçgbtrks pkr mbh`ok mbd gàs `rrfh` qub bd ibrk) y be ->.9> (ue` supbrlfifb qub sb beiubetrb ` 9> ibetçgbtrks pkr mbh`ok mbd efvbd mb rblbrbeif`.

efvbd mb rblbrbeif`.

D`s ikt`s mb efvbd sb mfhuo`e be d` pd`et`

D`s ikt`s mb efvbd sb mfhuo`e be d` pd`et` mb rbpd`etbk ikgk uemb rbpd`etbk ikgk ue içriudk iruz`mkiçriudk iruz`mk pkr ue` pkr ue` iruz ikeiruz ike mks iu`mr`etbs kpubstks pfet`mks mb ebark

mks iu`mr`etbs kpubstks pfet`mks mb ebark y ue y ue eÿgbrkeÿgbrk qub femfi` d` `dtur`. Bd qub femfi` d` `dtur`. Bd puetkpuetk qub gfmb bs bd qub gfmb bs bd qub

qub sb beiubetr` oustk be bd ibetrk mbd içriudk sb beiubetr` oustk be bd ibetrk mbd içriudk ..

=.0.2.

=.0.2.Dçgftb mbd tbrrbekDçgftb mbd tbrrbek Dks

Dks dçgftbs mbd tbrrbek dçgftbs mbd tbrrbek   sb mfhuo`e ike ue`  sb mfhuo`e ike ue` dçeb` puetb`m` y ue tbxtk `dfeb`mkdçeb` puetb`m` y ue tbxtk `dfeb`mk  qub mfib?  qub mfib? —B.M.^.‗ (Bob Mfvfskrfk mb ^rbmfks)

—B.M.^.‗ (Bob Mfvfskrfk mb ^rbmfks). Yfe bgh`rak, bst` mbekgfe`ifùe bs v`rf`hdb.. Yfe bgh`rak, bst` mbekgfe`ifùe bs v`rf`hdb.

Be ue` pd`et` bs femfspbes`hdb uhfi`r bd dçgftb mbd tbrrbek p`r` pkmbr mbtbrgfe`r d` pksfifùe mb Be ue` pd`et` bs femfspbes`hdb uhfi`r bd dçgftb mbd tbrrbek p`r` pkmbr mbtbrgfe`r d` pksfifùe mb tkmks dks bdbgbetks mb d` khr`.

tkmks dks bdbgbetks mb d` khr`.

^rfeifp`dgbetb, sb `ikt`e dks bobs mb pd`et` `d dçgftb mbd tbrrbek p`r` dubak uhfi`r i`m` ^rfeifp`dgbetb, sb `ikt`e dks bobs mb pd`et` `d dçgftb mbd tbrrbek p`r` dubak uhfi`r i`m` bdbgbetk.

bdbgbetk.

@sç d` uhfi`ifùe be khr` sb j`ib mb

@sç d` uhfi`ifùe be khr` sb j`ib mb d` sfaufbetb g`ebr`?d` sfaufbetb g`ebr`?

 Yb fmbetflfi`e dks dçgftbs mbd tbrrbek Yb fmbetflfi`e dks dçgftbs mbd tbrrbek  mbg`ri`mks pkr bd tkpùar`lk. mbg`ri`mks pkr bd tkpùar`lk. 

 Yb g`ri`e dks bobs mb pd`et` Yb g`ri`e dks bobs mb pd`et`  sbaÿe su mfst`eif` ` dks dçgftbs mbd tbrrbek. sbaÿe su mfst`eif` ` dks dçgftbs mbd tbrrbek. 

 Yb ikestruybe dks bdbgbetks prfeifp`dbs Yb ikestruybe dks bdbgbetks prfeifp`dbs  (p`rbmbs, ifgfbetks, bti.) sbaÿe su mfst`eif` ` dks bobs (p`rbmbs, ifgfbetks, bti.) sbaÿe su mfst`eif` ` dks bobs

mb pd`et`. mb pd`et`.

 Yb ikestruybe dks bdbgbetks sbiuem`rfks Yb ikestruybe dks bdbgbetks sbiuem`rfks  (i`rpfetbrç`s, rbvbstfgfbetks, pd`lkebs, bti.) sbaÿe su (i`rpfetbrç`s, rbvbstfgfbetks, pd`lkebs, bti.) sbaÿe su

mfst`eif` ` dks bdbgbetks prfeifp`dbs (bxprbs`m` be d`s ikt`s p`rif`dbs). mfst`eif` ` dks bdbgbetks prfeifp`dbs (bxprbs`m` be d`s ikt`s p`rif`dbs). =.0.<.

=.0.<.^rkybiifkebs^rkybiifkebs D`s

D`s prkybiifkebsprkybiifkebs  sb mfhuo`e ike ue`  sb mfhuo`e ike ue` dçeb` puetb`m`dçeb` puetb`m` bb femfi`e d` prbsbeif` mb bdbgbetks qubfemfi`e d` prbsbeif` mb bdbgbetks qub bstàe pkr beifg` mb d` dçeb` mb ikrtb jkrfzket`d qub mbtbrgfe` d` pd`et` 

bstàe pkr beifg` mb d` dçeb` mb ikrtb jkrfzket`d qub mbtbrgfe` d` pd`et` .. Bobgpdk?Bobgpdk?  Re h`diùe be bd  Re h`diùe be bd

prfgbr pfsk, sb mfhuo`rà ike ue` dçeb` puetb`m` su iketkrek be bd pd`ek mb pd`et` h`o`, femfi`emk qub `ddç prfgbr pfsk, sb mfhuo`rà ike ue` dçeb` puetb`m` su iketkrek be bd pd`ek mb pd`et` h`o`, femfi`emk qub `ddç `rrfh` mb eubstr`s i`hbz`s bxfstb ue vkd`mfzk.

`rrfh` mb eubstr`s i`hbz`s bxfstb ue vkd`mfzk. =.8.

=.8.]fpks mb pd`eks]fpks mb pd`eks

Bxfstbe dks sfaufbetbs tfpks mb pd`eks mb pd Bxfstbe dks sfaufbetbs tfpks mb pd`eks mb pd`et`?`et`?

 ^d`ek mb tbrr`ibrç`s k tkpkaràlfik.^d`ek mb tbrr`ibrç`s k tkpkaràlfik. 

(10)

Bei`re`ifùe

Bei`re`ifùe G`rçe G`rçe I`h`ddbrk I`h`ddbrk ^àafe` ^àafe` 0> 0> mb mb 8181

 ^d`eks mb ifgbet`ifùe (bstruitur`dbs).^d`eks mb ifgbet`ifùe (bstruitur`dbs). 

 ^d`eks mb mbspd`etb mb gurks k pd`et` mb gurks (bstruitur`dbs).^d`eks mb mbspd`etb mb gurks k pd`et` mb gurks (bstruitur`dbs). 

 ^d`eks mb g`riks, ike tr`hbs y ikduge`s (bstruitur`dbs).^d`eks mb g`riks, ike tr`hbs y ikduge`s (bstruitur`dbs). 

 ^d`eks mb dks`s mb betrbpfsk y `zktb`s (bstruitur`dbs).^d`eks mb dks`s mb betrbpfsk y `zktb`s (bstruitur`dbs). 

 ^d`ek mb s`eb`gfbetk betbrr`mk.^d`ek mb s`eb`gfbetk betbrr`mk. 

 ^d`eks mb fest`d`ifkebs (bdæitrfi`s, jfmràudfi`s, s`eft`rf`s, tbdælkek, vkz y m`tks, bti.).^d`eks mb fest`d`ifkebs (bdæitrfi`s, jfmràudfi`s, s`eft`rf`s, tbdælkek, vkz y m`tks, bti.). 

 ^d`eks mb `i`h`mks.^d`eks mb `i`h`mks.

2.

2.

B

B

YI@D@YYI@D@Y

Bstà id`rk qub bd pkmbr mfhuo`r dks khobtks ` su t`g`ðk rb`d bs i`sf sfbgprb fgpksfhdb, hfbe pkr Bstà id`rk qub bd pkmbr mfhuo`r dks khobtks ` su t`g`ðk rb`d bs i`sf sfbgprb fgpksfhdb, hfbe pkr sbr bxibsfv`gbetb ar`emb, ike dk iu`d ek sb pkmrç` rbprbsbet`r be bd p`pbd, k hfbe pkr sbr guy pbqubðk sbr bxibsfv`gbetb ar`emb, ike dk iu`d ek sb pkmrç` rbprbsbet`r be bd p`pbd, k hfbe pkr sbr guy pbqubðk  y ek pkmbrsb vbr mb ue gkmk id`rk.

 y ek pkmbrsb vbr mb ue gkmk id`rk.

]kmk bstk qubm` rbsubdtk ike bd usk mb d`

]kmk bstk qubm` rbsubdtk ike bd usk mb d` bsi`d`bsi`d`. Mb bstb gkmk, dks khobtks qubm`e id`r`gbetb. Mb bstb gkmk, dks khobtks qubm`e id`r`gbetb rbprbsbet`mks be bd mfhuok, hfbe `gpdfàemkdks k hfbe rbmuifæemksb.

rbprbsbet`mks be bd mfhuok, hfbe `gpdfàemkdks k hfbe rbmuifæemksb. 2.0.

2.0.MblfefifùeMblfefifùe

Yb mblfeb

Yb mblfeb bsi`d`bsi`d` ikgk d` ikgk d` rbd`ifùe betrb d` mfgbesfùe mfhuo`m` rbspbitk mrbd`ifùe betrb d` mfgbesfùe mfhuo`m` rbspbitk mb d` mfgbesfùe rb`d b d` mfgbesfùe rb`d ..

B 7 mfhuok/rb`dfm`m B 7 mfhuok/rb`dfm`m 2.8.

2.8.Bsi`d` aràlfi`Bsi`d` aràlfi`

Yb utfdfz` ue gætkmk sbeifddk p`r` `pdfi`r ue` bsi`d`, æstb

Yb utfdfz` ue gætkmk sbeifddk p`r` `pdfi`r ue` bsi`d`, æstb bstà h`s`mk be bdbstà h`s`mk be bd ]bkrbg` mb ]j`dbs ]bkrbg` mb ]j`dbs ..

Bobgpdk?

Bobgpdk? ^`r` bd i`sk 9?2. ^`r` bd i`sk 9?2. 0)

0) Ike krfabe be ue puetkIke krfabe be ue puetk KK `rhftr`rfk sb tr`z`e mks rbit`s `rhftr`rfk sb tr`z`e mks rbit`s rr y y ss lkrg`emk ue àeaudk iu`dqufbr`. lkrg`emk ue àeaudk iu`dqufbr`. 8)

8) Ykhrb d` rbit`Ykhrb d` rbit` rr  sb sftÿ` bd  sb sftÿ` bd mbekgfe`mkr mbekgfe`mkr  mb d` bsi`d` (2 be bstb i`sk) y skhrb d` rbit` mb d` bsi`d` (2 be bstb i`sk) y skhrb d` rbit` ss bdbd eugbr`mkr 

eugbr`mkr  (9 be bstb i`sk). Dks bxtrbgks mb mfijks s (9 be bstb i`sk). Dks bxtrbgks mb mfijks sbagbetks skebagbetks ske @@ y y HH..

9)

9) Iu`dqufbr mfgbesfùe rb`d sftu`m` skhrb r sbrà ikevbrtfm` be d` mbd mfhuok gbmf`etb ue` sfgpdbIu`dqufbr mfgbesfùe rb`d sftu`m` skhrb r sbrà ikevbrtfm` be d` mbd mfhuok gbmf`etb ue` sfgpdb p`r`dbd` `

(11)

2.9.

2.9.]fpks mb bsi`d`s]fpks mb bsi`d`s

@sç beiketr`gks? @sç beiketr`gks?

 Bsi`d` mb `gpdf`ifùeBsi`d` mb `gpdf`ifùe, iu`emk bd eugbr`mkr mb d` lr`iifùe bs g`ykr qub bd mbekgfe`mkr., iu`emk bd eugbr`mkr mb d` lr`iifùe bs g`ykr qub bd mbekgfe`mkr. 

 Bsi`d` mb rbmuiifùeBsi`d` mb rbmuiifùe, bd i`sk iketr`rfk, iu`emk bd eugbr`mkr bs gbekr qub bd mbekgfe`mkr., bd i`sk iketr`rfk, iu`emk bd eugbr`mkr bs gbekr qub bd mbekgfe`mkr. 

 Bsi`d` e`tur`dBsi`d` e`tur`d, iu`emk ue khobtk sb beiubetr` mfhuo`mk ` su t`g`ðk rb`d, sbrç` d` bsi`d` 0?0. Bs, iu`emk ue khobtk sb beiubetr` mfhuo`mk ` su t`g`ðk rb`d, sbrç` d` bsi`d` 0?0. Bs

mbifr, ikfeifmbe d` gbmfm` mbd khobtk y d` mbd mfhuok. mbifr, ikfeifmbe d` gbmfm` mbd khobtk y d` mbd mfhuok. 2.=.

2.=.Bsi`d`s ekrg`dfz`m`sBsi`d`s ekrg`dfz`m`s

Bst`s bsi`d`s bstàe ekrg`dfz`m`s pkr d`

Bst`s bsi`d`s bstàe ekrg`dfz`m`s pkr d` ekrg` REB 0>8<ekrg` REB 0>8< y d` y d` MFE :89MFE :89, qub sb rbsugb be d`, qub sb rbsugb be d` sfaufbetb t`hd`?

sfaufbetb t`hd`?

^`r`

^`r` rbmuiifkebs rbmuiifkebs ]`g`ðk ]`g`ðk e`tur`d e`tur`d ^`r` ^`r` `gpdf`ifkebs`gpdf`ifkebs 0?8 0?8 0?0 0?0 8?0 8?0 0?2 0?2 0?0> 0?0> 0?8> 0?8> 2?0 2?0 0?2> 0?2> 0?0>> 0?0>> 0?8>> 0?8>> 0>?0 0>?0 0?2>> 0?2>> 0?0.>>> 0?0.>>> D`

D` bsi`d` ` bdbafrbsi`d` ` bdbafr p`r` rb`dfz`r ue mfhuok mbpbemb mb d` ikgpdbofm`m mbd khobtk ` rbprbsbet`r y p`r` rb`dfz`r ue mfhuok mbpbemb mb d` ikgpdbofm`m mbd khobtk ` rbprbsbet`r y mb d` lfe`dfm`m mb d` rbprbsbet`ifùe. Be tkmks dks i`sks, mbhb sbr

mb d` lfe`dfm`m mb d` rbprbsbet`ifùe. Be tkmks dks i`sks, mbhb sbr sulfifbetbgbetb ar`emb sulfifbetbgbetb ar`emb  p`r` pbrgftfr p`r` pbrgftfr

ue` fetbrprbt`ifùe làifd y id`r` mb d` felkrg`ifùe gkstr`m`. Dks mbt`ddbs qub sb`e

ue` fetbrprbt`ifùe làifd y id`r` mb d` felkrg`ifùe gkstr`m`. Dks mbt`ddbs qub sb`e mbg`sf`mk pbqubðks mbg`sf`mk pbqubðks 

p`r` ue` mblfefifùe ikgpdbt` be d` rbprbsbet`ifùe prfeifp`d, mbhbe rbprbsbet`rsb be ue` vfst` mb p`r` ue` mblfefifùe ikgpdbt` be d` rbprbsbet`ifùe prfeifp`d, mbhbe rbprbsbet`rsb be ue` vfst` mb mbt`ddb ` ue`

mbt`ddb ` ue` bsi`d` g`ykr bsi`d` g`ykr , `d d`mk mb d` rbprbsbet`ifùe prfeifp`d., `d d`mk mb d` rbprbsbet`ifùe prfeifp`d.

D`s

D`s mfgbesfkebs mbd khobtk mfgbesfkebs mbd khobtk   y d`  y d` bsi`d` bsi`d`   utfdfz`m` felduybe pkstbrfkrgbetb be d`  utfdfz`m` felduybe pkstbrfkrgbetb be d` bdbiifùe mbdbdbiifùe mbd

lkrg`tk

lkrg`tk mb mfhuok ` bgpdb`r.mb mfhuok ` bgpdb`r. Bobgpdk 0?

Bobgpdk 0? Yb mbsb` rbprbsbet`r be ue lkrg`tk @9 d` pd`et` mb ue bmflfifk mb :> x => gbtrks. Yb mbsb` rbprbsbet`r be ue lkrg`tk @9 d` pd`et` mb ue bmflfifk mb :> x => gbtrks. D` bsi`d` gàs ikevbefbetb p`r` bstb i`sk sbrç`

D` bsi`d` gàs ikevbefbetb p`r` bstb i`sk sbrç` 0?8>>0?8>> qub prkpkrifke`rç` ue`s qub prkpkrifke`rç` ue`s mfgbesfkebs mbmfgbesfkebs mb => x 8> ig 

=> x 8> ig , guy `mbiu`m`s `d t`g`ðk mbd lkrg`tk., guy `mbiu`m`s `d t`g`ðk mbd lkrg`tk.

Bobgpdk 8?

Bobgpdk 8? Yb mbsb` rbprbsbet`r be ue lkrg`tk @= ue` pfbz` mb rbdko mb mfgbesfkebs 8 x 0 gg. Yb mbsb` rbprbsbet`r be ue lkrg`tk @= ue` pfbz` mb rbdko mb mfgbesfkebs 8 x 0 gg. D` bsi`d` `mbiu`m` sbrç`

(12)

Bei`re`ifùe

Bei`re`ifùe G`rçe G`rçe I`h`ddbrk I`h`ddbrk ^àafe` ^àafe` 08 08 mb mb 8181

2.2.

2.2.]fpks mb pd`eks sbaÿe bsi`d`]fpks mb pd`eks sbaÿe bsi`d`

Bxfstbe dks sfaufbetbs tfpks mb pd`eks mb pd`et` ` bsi`d` mbpbemfbemk mb dk qub sb v` ` Bxfstbe dks sfaufbetbs tfpks mb pd`eks mb pd`et` ` bsi`d` mbpbemfbemk mb dk qub sb v` ` rbprbsbet`r?

rbprbsbet`r?

 Be @= vbrtfi`d sfe bsi`d` (0?0).Be @= vbrtfi`d sfe bsi`d` (0?0). Yb us`rà p`r` bsqubg`s qub ek rbqufbr`e bsi`d`. Yb us`rà p`r` bsqubg`s qub ek rbqufbr`e bsi`d`. Bobgpdks?Bobgpdks?

bsqubg`s mb bdbitrùefi` mb rbm, mf`ar`g` mb hdkqubs mb i`hbibr` mb FI], pbrspbitfv`s mb bsqubg`s mb bdbitrùefi` mb rbm, mf`ar`g` mb hdkqubs mb i`hbibr` mb FI], pbrspbitfv`s mb p`sfddks, tbijks, irkqufs mb mfhuoks.

p`sfddks, tbijks, irkqufs mb mfhuoks.

 Be @= vbrtfi`d ike bsi`d` 0?0>.Be @= vbrtfi`d ike bsi`d` 0?0>.  Iketbemrà bd mfhuok mbd iketbefmk mb dks `rg`rfks mb  Iketbemrà bd mfhuok mbd iketbefmk mb dks `rg`rfks mb

bdbitrùefi` mb rbm. bdbitrùefi` mb rbm.

 Be @9 `p`fs`mk (u jkrfzket`d) sfe bsi`d`.Be @9 `p`fs`mk (u jkrfzket`d) sfe bsi`d`.  Yb us`rà p`r` bsqubg`s qub ek rbqufbr`e bsi`d`.  Yb us`rà p`r` bsqubg`s qub ek rbqufbr`e bsi`d`.

Bobgpdks?

Bobgpdks?  bsqubg`s mb bdbitrùefi` mb rbm, mf`ar`g` mb hdkqubs mb i`hbibr` mb FI],  bsqubg`s mb bdbitrùefi` mb rbm, mf`ar`g` mb hdkqubs mb i`hbibr` mb FI], pbrspbitfv`s mb p`sfddks, tbijks, irkqufs mb mfhuoks.

pbrspbitfv`s mb p`sfddks, tbijks, irkqufs mb mfhuoks.

 Be @9 `p`fs`mk (u jkrfzket`d) ike bsi`d` 0?0>.Be @9 `p`fs`mk (u jkrfzket`d) ike bsi`d` 0?0>.  Iketbemrà bd mfhuok mbd iketbefmk mb dks  Iketbemrà bd mfhuok mbd iketbefmk mb dks

`rg`rfks mb bdbitrùefi` mb rbm, skhrb tkmk iu`emk qubrbgks vbr d` fetbrikebxfùe betrb bddks. `rg`rfks mb bdbitrùefi` mb rbm, skhrb tkmk iu`emk qubrbgks vbr d` fetbrikebxfùe betrb bddks.

 Be @9 `p`fs`mk (u jkrfzket`d) ike bsi`d` 0?2>, 0?0>>, 0?8>>.Be @9 `p`fs`mk (u jkrfzket`d) ike bsi`d` 0?2>, 0?0>>, 0?8>>. Mfhuok mb pd`eks be pd`et`,Mfhuok mb pd`eks be pd`et`,

i`e`dfz`ifkebs be pd`et`, bti. i`e`dfz`ifkebs be pd`et`, bti.

<.

<.

L

L

KXG@]KY VKXG@]KY V

E

E

KXG@DF_@IFÙEKXG@DF_@IFÙE

D`

D` ekrg`dfz`ifùe be bd mfhuokekrg`dfz`ifùe be bd mfhuok  sb bei`ra` mb  sb bei`ra` mb ueflfi`r irftbrfks p`r` qub mfijk gbmfk mbueflfi`r irftbrfks p`r` qub mfijk gbmfk mb bxprbsfùe pubm` sbr fetbrprbt`mk pkr iu`dqufbr prklbsfke`d 

bxprbsfùe pubm` sbr fetbrprbt`mk pkr iu`dqufbr prklbsfke`d . Be bstb `p`rt`mk, v`gks ` tr`t`r `qubdd`s. Be bstb `p`rt`mk, v`gks ` tr`t`r `qubdd`s

ekrg`s qub eks `yumbe ` ikgprbembr b fetbrprbt`r mb lkrg` abebr`d dks pd`eks qub pubmbe feidufrsb be ekrg`s qub eks `yumbe ` ikgprbembr b fetbrprbt`r mb lkrg` abebr`d dks pd`eks qub pubmbe feidufrsb be ue prkybitk.

ue prkybitk. D`

D` ekrg`dfz`ifùe mb dks lkrg`tksekrg`dfz`ifùe mb dks lkrg`tks bst`hdbib t`etk d`s mfgbesfkebs mb ue mbtbrgfe`mk lkrg`tkbst`hdbib t`etk d`s mfgbesfkebs mb ue mbtbrgfe`mk lkrg`tk ikgk d` rbd`ifùe betrb bdd`s 

ikgk d` rbd`ifùe betrb bdd`s . ^rbtbemb ikesbaufr ue` ueflkrgfm`m hàsfi` be bd bei`rpbt`mk y `rijfvk mb. ^rbtbemb ikesbaufr ue` ueflkrgfm`m hàsfi` be bd bei`rpbt`mk y `rijfvk mb

tkm` id`sb mb p`pbdbs. Bd t`g`ðk mb dks lkrg`tks sb mblfeb be d`s

tkm` id`sb mb p`pbdbs. Bd t`g`ðk mb dks lkrg`tks sb mblfeb be d`s ekrg`s REB 0>8<-8 y MFE :89ekrg`s REB 0>8<-8 y MFE :89.. Bxfstbe trbs tfpks mb lkrg`tks?

Bxfstbe trbs tfpks mb lkrg`tks?

 Lkrg`tks sbrfb @.Lkrg`tks sbrfb @. 

 Lkrg`tks `d`ra`mks bspbif`dbs.Lkrg`tks `d`ra`mks bspbif`dbs. 

 Lkrg`tks `d`ra`mks bxibpifke`dbs.Lkrg`tks `d`ra`mks bxibpifke`dbs.

<.0.

<.0.Lkrg`tks sbrfb @Lkrg`tks sbrfb @

D`

D`sbrfb @sbrfb @ ikrrbspkemb ` d`s mfgbesfkebs mb dks ikrrbspkemb ` d`s mfgbesfkebs mb dks lkrg`tks p`r` pd`eks lkrg`tks p`r` pd`eks ..

Yb mbekgfe`

Yb mbekgfe` lkrg`tk krfabelkrg`tk krfabe mb d` sbrfb @ `d qub tfbebmb d` sbrfb @ `d qub tfbeb ue gbtrk iu`mr`mk mb supbrlfifb ue gbtrk iu`mr`mk mb supbrlfifb . Bd. Bd

lkrg`tk krfabe sb mbekgfe`

lkrg`tk krfabe sb mbekgfe` @>@>  y, p`rtfbemk mb æd, gbmf`etb  y, p`rtfbemk mb æd, gbmf`etb ikrtbs tr`esvbrs`dbs ikrtbs tr`esvbrs`dbs , sb khtfbebe, sb khtfbebe

suibsfv`gbetb dks

suibsfv`gbetb dks lkrg`tks gbekrbslkrg`tks gbekrbs?? @0, @8, @9, @=,@0, @8, @9, @=,…… YfYf mupdfi`gks bd d`mk gbekr mupdfi`gks bd d`mk gbekr , khtbebgks dks, khtbebgks dks

lkrg`tks g`ykrbs

(13)

@>7 0 g @>7 0 g88

Dks

Dks lkrg`tkslkrg`tks  tfbebe  tfbebe lkrg` rbit`eaud`r lkrg` rbit`eaud`r   y su  y su d`mk g`ykr d`mk g`ykr   bs r`çz mb mks vbibs bd d`mk gbekr,  bs r`çz mb mks vbibs bd d`mk gbekr,

ikgk sb gubstr` be d` sfaufbetb lfaur`? ikgk sb gubstr` be d` sfaufbetb lfaur`?

Xbd`ifùe betrb dks d`mks mbd lkrg`tk. Xbd`ifùe betrb dks d`mks mbd lkrg`tk. D`s

D`s mfgbesfkebs mb dks d`mks mbd lkrg`tkmfgbesfkebs mb dks d`mks mbd lkrg`tk  sb khtfbebe rbskdvfbemk bd sfaufbetb sfstbg` mb  sb khtfbebe rbskdvfbemk bd sfaufbetb sfstbg` mb biu`ifkebs mb mks feiùaeft`s. biu`ifkebs mb mks feiùaeft`s. Z ± V 7 0 g Z ± V 7 0 g88 J`y mks lkrg`s mb rbskdvbrdk? J`y mks lkrg`s mb rbskdvbrdk? 0ª lkrg`? 0ª lkrg`? V 7 Z ± V 7 Z ± 88   Z ± Z ± Z ± Z ± 88 7 0 3 Z 7 0 3 Z88 ± ± 88 7 0 3 Z 7 0 3 Z88 7 7 8 8 0 0  3 Z 7 3 Z 7 g g :=0 :=0 ,, > > 8 8 0 0 8 8 0 0 = = // 0 0      V 7 >,:=0 ± V 7 >,:=0 ± 88 7 0,0:6 g 7 0,0:6 g

(14)

Bei`re`ifùe

Bei`re`ifùe G`rçe G`rçe I`h`ddbrk I`h`ddbrk ^àafe` ^àafe` 0= 0= mb mb 8181

8ª lkrg`? 8ª lkrg`? Z 7 Z 7 8 8 V  V    8 8 V  V   ± V 7 0 3 ± V 7 0 3 8 8 8 8 V  V   7 0 3 V 7 0 3 V88 7 7 8 8 3 V 7 3 V 7 00//==88 00,,0:60:6gg     Z 7 Z 7 8 8 0:6 0:6 ,, 0 0  7 >,:=0 g  7 >,:=0 g

^`r` khtbebr bd lkrg`tk fegbmf`tk felbrfkr sb mfvfmb bd lkrg`tk @> pkr d` gft`m mbd d`mk mb ^`r` khtbebr bd lkrg`tk fegbmf`tk felbrfkr sb mfvfmb bd lkrg`tk @> pkr d` gft`m mbd d`mk mb g`ykr dkeaftum. Bd eubvk lkrg`tk `sç khtbefmk bs ue` jko` rbit`eaud`r mb · g

g`ykr dkeaftum. Bd eubvk lkrg`tk `sç khtbefmk bs ue` jko` rbit`eaud`r mb · g 88 mb supbrlfifb, sfbemk mb supbrlfifb, sfbemk 88d`d`

rbd`ifùe betrb d` dkeaftum mb sus d`mks. Bstb lkrg`tk sb mbekgfe`

rbd`ifùe betrb d` dkeaftum mb sus d`mks. Bstb lkrg`tk sb mbekgfe` @0@0  y tfbeb ue`s mfgbesfkebs mb  y tfbeb ue`s mfgbesfkebs mb 26=x:=0 gg.

26=x:=0 gg.

Mfvfmfbemk bd lkrg`tk @0 pkr d` gft`m mb su d`mk mb g`ykr dkeaftum sb khtfbeb bd lkrg`tk Mfvfmfbemk bd lkrg`tk @0 pkr d` gft`m mb su d`mk mb g`ykr dkeaftum sb khtfbeb bd lkrg`tk fegbmf`tk felbrfkr, mbekgfe`mk

fegbmf`tk felbrfkr, mbekgfe`mk @8@83 y `sç suibsfv`gbetb, sfaufbemk bstb prkibsk sb v`e khtbefbemk dks3 y `sç suibsfv`gbetb, sfaufbemk bstb prkibsk sb v`e khtbefbemk dks rbst`etbs lkrg`tks j`st` ddba`r `d lkrg`tk gàs pbqubðk, mbekgfe`mk

rbst`etbs lkrg`tks j`st` ddba`r `d lkrg`tk gàs pbqubðk, mbekgfe`mk @=@=..

@daueks mb dks lkrg`tks gàs utfdfz`mks ske? @daueks mb dks lkrg`tks gàs utfdfz`mks ske?

Lkrg`tk Lkrg`tk Mfgbesfkebs Mfgbesfkebs (gg)(gg) @> :=0x00:6 @> :=0x00:6 @0 26=x:=0 @0 26=x:=0 @8 =8>x26= @8 =8>x26= @9 861x=8> @9 861x=8> @= 80>x861 @= 80>x861 @2 0=:x80> @2 0=:x80> @< 0>2x0=: @< 0>2x0=: Xbad` mb rblbrbeif`? Xbad` mb rblbrbeif`?

(15)

Be d` sfaufbetb lfaur` sb `prbif`

Be d` sfaufbetb lfaur` sb `prbif` d` lkrg`ifùe y d` rbd`ifùe qub bxfstb betrb dks mflbrbetbsd` lkrg`ifùe y d` rbd`ifùe qub bxfstb betrb dks mflbrbetbs lkrg`tks 

lkrg`tks ..

]kmks dks lkrg`tks tfbebe ue` i`r`itbrçstfi` be ikgÿe? ske jko`s rbit`eaud`rbs sbgbo`etbs ]kmks dks lkrg`tks tfbebe ue` i`r`itbrçstfi` be ikgÿe? ske jko`s rbit`eaud`rbs sbgbo`etbs iuyks d`mks bstàe be rbd`ifùe

iuyks d`mks bstàe be rbd`ifùe 88..

Dks

Dks lkrg`tks @9 `d @>lkrg`tks @9 `d @> sùdk ske vàdfmks sf d`s sùdk ske vàdfmks sf d`s jko`s sb utfdfz`e jkrfzket`dgbetb jko`s sb utfdfz`e jkrfzket`dgbetb . ^kr su p`rtb, bd. ^kr su p`rtb, bd

lkrg`tk @=

(16)

Bei`re`ifùe

Bei`re`ifùe G`rçe G`rçe I`h`ddbrk I`h`ddbrk ^àafe` ^àafe` 0< 0< mb mb 8181

<.8.

<.8.Lkrg`tks `d`ra`mks bspbif`dbsLkrg`tks `d`ra`mks bspbif`dbs

Lkrg`tk Lkrg`tk Mfgbesfkebs Mfgbesfkebs (gg)(gg) @9x9 =8>x:60 @9x9 =8>x:60 @9x= =8>x00:6 @9x= =8>x00:6 @=x9 861x<9> @=x9 861x<9> @=x= 861x:=0 @=x= 861x:=0 @=x2 861x0>20 @=x2 861x0>20 <.9.

<.9.Lkrg`tks `d`ra`mks bxibpifke`dbsLkrg`tks `d`ra`mks bxibpifke`dbs

Yb us`ràe p`r` rbprbsbet`ifkebs mkemb ue` mb d`s mfgbesfkebs (jkrfzket`d k vbrtfi`d) prbmkgfe` Yb us`ràe p`r` rbprbsbet`ifkebs mkemb ue` mb d`s mfgbesfkebs (jkrfzket`d k vbrtfi`d) prbmkgfe` lrbetb ` d` ktr` (ikgk khr`s dfeb`dbs be feabefbrç` ifvfd).

lrbetb ` d` ktr` (ikgk khr`s dfeb`dbs be feabefbrç` ifvfd). ^`r` @>? ^`r` @>? Lkrg`tk Lkrg`tk Mfgbesfkebs Mfgbesfkebs (gg)(gg) @>x8 00:6x0<:8 @>x8 00:6x0<:8 @>x9 00:6x8289 @>x9 00:6x8289 ^`r` @0? ^`r` @0? Lkrg`tk Lkrg`tk Mfgbesfkebs Mfgbesfkebs (gg)(gg) @0x9 :=0x01:9 @0x9 :=0x01:9 @0x= :=0x891: @0x= :=0x891: ^`r` @8? ^`r` @8? Lkrg`tk Lkrg`tk Mfgbesfkebs Mfgbesfkebs (gg)(gg) @8x9 26=x08<0 @8x9 26=x08<0 @8x= 26=x0<:8 @8x= 26=x0<:8 @8x2 26=x80>8 @8x2 26=x80>8

(17)

^`r` @9? ^`r` @9? Lkrg`tk Lkrg`tk Mfgbesfkebs Mfgbesfkebs (gg)(gg) @9x2 =8>x0=:< @9x2 =8>x0=:< @9x< =8>x01:9 @9x< =8>x01:9 @9x1 =8>x8>:> @9x1 =8>x8>:> ^`r` @=? ^`r` @=? Lkrg`tk Lkrg`tk Mfgbesfkebs Mfgbesfkebs (gg)(gg) @=x< 861x08<0 @=x< 861x08<0 @=x1 861x0=10 @=x1 861x0=10 @=x: 861x0<:8 @=x: 861x0<:8 @=x6 861x0::8 @=x6 861x0::8

Bstks lkrg`tks `d`ra`mks rbsudt`e guy mflçifdbs mb g`ebo`r, `mbgàs mb prbsbet`r ar`embs Bstks lkrg`tks `d`ra`mks rbsudt`e guy mflçifdbs mb g`ebo`r, `mbgàs mb prbsbet`r ar`embs mflfiudt`mbs p`r` su rbprkmuiifùe y `rijfvk. Be ikesbiubeif`, ` sbr pksfhdb, mbhbrà bvft`rsb su mflfiudt`mbs p`r` su rbprkmuiifùe y `rijfvk. Be ikesbiubeif`, ` sbr pksfhdb, mbhbrà bvft`rsb su utfdfz`ifùe.

utfdfz`ifùe. <.=.

<.=.Dçeb`sDçeb`s

Dks mfhuoks tæiefiks y dks pd`eks tfbebe d`s

Dks mfhuoks tæiefiks y dks pd`eks tfbebe d`s dçeb`s mb lkrg` y bspbskrbsdçeb`s mb lkrg` y bspbskrbs  mflbrbetbs p`r`  mflbrbetbs p`r`

l`ifdft`r d` fetbrprbt`ifùe mbd mfhuok  l`ifdft`r d` fetbrprbt`ifùe mbd mfhuok ..

Mb d` ekrg`dfz`ifùe mb d`s dçeb`s sb bei`ra`e d`s

Mb d` ekrg`dfz`ifùe mb d`s dçeb`s sb bei`ra`e d`s ekrg`s REB 0>98 y MFE 02ekrg`s REB 0>98 y MFE 02. Mfij`s ekrg`s. Mfij`s ekrg`s

bst`hdbibe d`s id`sbs y bspbskrbs, dks arupks mb

bst`hdbibe d`s id`sbs y bspbskrbs, dks arupks mb dçeb`s y d`s `pdfi`ifkebs dçeb`s y d`s `pdfi`ifkebs ..

<.=.0.

<.=.0.Id`sbs y bspbskrbs mb dçeb`sId`sbs y bspbskrbs mb dçeb`s

Be mfhuok tæiefik sb utfdfz`e iu`trk id`sbs mb dçeb Be mfhuok tæiefik sb utfdfz`e iu`trk id`sbs mb dçeb`s?`s?

 Dçeb`s ddbe`s.Dçeb`s ddbe`s. 

 Dçeb`s mb tr`zks.Dçeb`s mb tr`zks. 

 Dçeb`s mb tr`zks y puetks.Dçeb`s mb tr`zks y puetks. 

 Dçeb`s ` g`ek `dz`m`.Dçeb`s ` g`ek `dz`m`.

D`s dçeb`s pubmbe sbr mb mfstfetks

D`s dçeb`s pubmbe sbr mb mfstfetks arkskrbsarkskrbs, mbpbemfbemk mb dk qub sb prbtbem` rbprbsbet`r be, mbpbemfbemk mb dk qub sb prbtbem` rbprbsbet`r be bd mfhuok.

bd mfhuok.

D` a`g` mb

D` a`g` mb arkskrbs ekrg`dfz`mksarkskrbs ekrg`dfz`mks bs d` sfaufbetb?bs d` sfaufbetb? >,0:3 >,823 >,923 >,23 >,13 0,= y 8 gg >,0:3 >,823 >,923 >,23 >,13 0,= y 8 gg . D`. D`

rbd`ifùe betrb ue arkskr y bd sfaufbetb bs rbd`ifùe betrb ue arkskr y bd sfaufbetb bs 88..

(18)

Bei`re`ifùe

Bei`re`ifùe G`rçe G`rçe I`h`ddbrk I`h`ddbrk ^àafe` ^àafe` 0: 0: mb mb 8181

<.=.8.

<.=.8.Arupks mb dçeb`sArupks mb dçeb`s Be bd mfhuok, dks

Be bd mfhuok, dks arupks mb dçeb`sarupks mb dçeb`s sb ekrg`dfz`e p`r` sb ekrg`dfz`e p`r` g`etbebr ue` rbd`ifùe betrb d` dçeb` gàsg`etbebr ue` rbd`ifùe betrb d` dçeb` gàs  arubs` y d` gàs lfe` 

 arubs` y d` gàs lfe` ..

D`

D`ekrg` MFEekrg` MFE lfo` iu`trk arupks mb dçeb`s? lfo` iu`trk arupks mb dçeb`s?

AXKYKXBY MB ^DRGFDD@?

AXKYKXBY MB ^DRGFDD@? M`tks be gg.M`tks be gg. ]F^K

]F^K MB MB DÇEB@ DÇEB@ 0¿ AXR^K 0¿ AXR^K 8¿ 8¿ AXR^K AXR^K 9¿ 9¿ AXR^K AXR^K =¿ =¿ AXR^KAXR^K Arubs` Arubs` 0,8 0,8 >,: >,: >,2 >,2 >,9>,9 Gbmf` Gbmf` >,< >,< >,= >,= >,9 >,9 >,8>,8 Lfe` Lfe` >,9 >,9 >,8 >,8 >,0 >,0 >,0>,0 Bstks arkskrbs mb dçeb` bstàe rblbrfmks ` d` dçeb` mb g`ykr bspbskr.

Bstks arkskrbs mb dçeb` bstàe rblbrfmks ` d` dçeb` mb g`ykr bspbskr. <.=.9.

<.=.9.@pdfi`ifkebs mb d`s dçeb`s@pdfi`ifkebs mb d`s dçeb`s

@ iketfeu`ifùe, sb gubstr`e `daue`s `pdfi`ifkebs y lkrg`s mb bgpdbk mb d`s mfstfet`s id`sbs mb @ iketfeu`ifùe, sb gubstr`e `daue`s `pdfi`ifkebs y lkrg`s mb bgpdbk mb d`s mfstfet`s id`sbs mb dçeb`s.

dçeb`s.

 Dçeb`s ddbe`s arubs`s.Dçeb`s ddbe`s arubs`s. Rtfdfz`m`s prfeifp`dgbetb p`r` rbprbsbet`r Rtfdfz`m`s prfeifp`dgbetb p`r` rbprbsbet`r iketkreks y `rfst`s vfsfhdbsiketkreks y `rfst`s vfsfhdbs

mb iubrpks 

mb iubrpks 3 t`ghfæe3 t`ghfæe rbiu`mrks, rùtudks y dçeb`s mb rbmbs rbiu`mrks, rùtudks y dçeb`s mb rbmbs  prfeifp`dbs be bsqubg`s bdæitrfiks. prfeifp`dbs be bsqubg`s bdæitrfiks.

 Dçeb`s ddbe`s lfe`s.Dçeb`s ddbe`s lfe`s. Yb us`e p`r` mblfefr Yb us`e p`r` mblfefr dçeb`s mb ikt`s, dçeb`s `uxfdf`rbs, dçeb`s mb rblbrbeif`,dçeb`s mb ikt`s, dçeb`s `uxfdf`rbs, dçeb`s mb rblbrbeif`,

r`y`mk mb supbrlfifbs ikrt`m`s, festrugbetks mb gbmfm`s bdæitrfi`s y rbmbs bdæitrfi`s r`y`mk mb supbrlfifbs ikrt`m`s, festrugbetks mb gbmfm`s bdæitrfi`s y rbmbs bdæitrfi`s sbiuem`rf`s 

sbiuem`rf`s ..

 Dçeb`s mb tr`zks.Dçeb`s mb tr`zks.  Rtfdfz`m`s p`r` rbprbsbet`r  Rtfdfz`m`s p`r` rbprbsbet`r `rfst`s y iketkreks ek vfsfhdbs `rfst`s y iketkreks ek vfsfhdbs . Be bsqubg`s. Be bsqubg`s

bdæitrfiks rbprbsbet` bd ikemuitkr mb prktbiifùe (^B). bdæitrfiks rbprbsbet` bd ikemuitkr mb prktbiifùe (^B).

 Dçeb`s mb tr`zks y puetks arubs`s.Dçeb`s mb tr`zks y puetks arubs`s.  Yb us`e p`r` mblfefr  Yb us`e p`r` mblfefr ikrtbs fg`afe`rfks ikrtbs fg`afe`rfks   skhrb pfbz`s  skhrb pfbz`s

(prfeifpfk, lfe y àeaudks)

(prfeifpfk, lfe y àeaudks) y tr`t`gfbetks supbrlfif`dbs y tr`t`gfbetks supbrlfif`dbs ..

 Dçeb`s mb tr`zks y puetks lfe`s.Dçeb`s mb tr`zks y puetks lfe`s. Rtfdfz`m`s p`r` rbprbsbet`rRtfdfz`m`s p`r` rbprbsbet`r bobs mb sfgbtrç`3 iketkreks mbbobs mb sfgbtrç`3 iketkreks mb

ue` pfbz` iu`emk sb rbprbsbet` d` pfbz` be hrutk3 

ue` pfbz` iu`emk sb rbprbsbet` d` pfbz` be hrutk3  ikrtbs, sbiifkebs y bsqubg`s bdæitrfiks ikrtbs, sbiifkebs y bsqubg`s bdæitrfiks  p`r` p`r`

femfi`r `arup`ifùe mb `p`r`tks. femfi`r `arup`ifùe mb `p`r`tks.

 Dçeb`s ` g`ek `dz`m`.Dçeb`s ` g`ek `dz`m`. Yb us`e p`r` mblfefr Yb us`e p`r` mblfefr dçeb`s mb rktur` mb pfbz`s y r`y`mks mb ikrtbs mbdçeb`s mb rktur` mb pfbz`s y r`y`mks mb ikrtbs mb

 pfbz`s mb g`mbr`   pfbz`s mb g`mbr` ..

(19)

Bobgpdk?

Bobgpdk? Rtfdfz`ifùe mb dçeb`s. Rtfdfz`ifùe mb dçeb`s.

Mkemb? Mkemb?

@? 

@?  Dçeb`s ddbe`s arubs`s. Dçeb`s ddbe`s arubs`s. H? 

H?  Dçeb`s ddbe`s lfe`s. Dçeb`s ddbe`s lfe`s. M? 

M?  Dçeb`s mb tr`zks. Dçeb`s mb tr`zks. B? 

B?  Dçeb`s mb tr`zks y puetks lfe`s. Dçeb`s mb tr`zks y puetks lfe`s. L? 

L?  Dçeb`s mb tr`zks y puetks arubs`s. Dçeb`s mb tr`zks y puetks arubs`s.

<.2.

<.2.Xktud`ifùeXktud`ifùe

I`m` pd`ek mbhb bst`r rktud`mk y `ikt`mk mb lkrg` qub iketbea` tkm` d` felkrg`ifùe ebibs`rf` I`m` pd`ek mbhb bst`r rktud`mk y `ikt`mk mb lkrg` qub iketbea` tkm` d` felkrg`ifùe ebibs`rf` mb `iubrmk ike su mbstfek, ike rblbrbeif` ` ktrks pd`eks, be i`sk ebibs`rfk, p`r` qub tkmk bd prkybitk mb `iubrmk ike su mbstfek, ike rblbrbeif` ` ktrks pd`eks, be i`sk ebibs`rfk, p`r` qub tkmk bd prkybitk lkrgb ue ikeouetk ikkrmfe`mk.

lkrgb ue ikeouetk ikkrmfe`mk. D`s

D`s ekrg`s REB 0>9= y MFE 0< y 01ekrg`s REB 0>9= y MFE 0< y 01  mblfebe tkmk dk ikeibrefbetb ` tbxtks y eÿgbrks  mblfebe tkmk dk ikeibrefbetb ` tbxtks y eÿgbrks feidufmks be pd`eks. Be bsbeif`, æst`s sb rblfbrbe `d t`g`ðk y lkrg` mb dks i`r`itbrbs.

feidufmks be pd`eks. Be bsbeif`, æst`s sb rblfbrbe `d t`g`ðk y lkrg` mb dks i`r`itbrbs. Bobgpdk?Bobgpdk?  dks  dks tfpks mb bsirftur` ekrg`dfz`m`, d` `dtur` ekgfe`d mb d`s dbtr`s, bd bspbskr mb dks tr`zks, d` `eijur` mb tfpks mb bsirftur` ekrg`dfz`m`, d` `dtur` ekgfe`d mb d`s dbtr`s, bd bspbskr mb dks tr`zks, d` `eijur` mb d`s dbtr`s, d` mfst`eif` betrb dçeb`s, d` mfst`eif` betrb dbtr`s, bti.

d`s dbtr`s, d` mfst`eif` betrb dçeb`s, d` mfst`eif` betrb dbtr`s, bti. Yb pubmb utfdfz`r d` bsirftur` iursfv` y d` bsirftur` vbrtfi`d. Yb pubmb utfdfz`r d` bsirftur` iursfv` y d` bsirftur` vbrtfi`d.

 Bsirftur` iursfv` k feidfe`m`.Bsirftur` iursfv` k feidfe`m`. Bs ue blbitk bstætfik qub sb db m` ` dks eÿgbrks k dbtr`s3 dks Bs ue blbitk bstætfik qub sb db m` ` dks eÿgbrks k dbtr`s3 dks

tr`zks vbrtfi`dbs tfbebe ue`

tr`zks vbrtfi`dbs tfbebe ue` feidfe`ifùe mb 12¾ feidfe`ifùe mb 12¾ ..

(20)

Bei`re`ifùe

Bei`re`ifùe G`rçe G`rçe I`h`ddbrk I`h`ddbrk ^àafe` ^àafe` 8> 8> mb mb 8181

Yb mbekgfe`

Yb mbekgfe` `dtur` ekgfe`d mbd tbxtk`dtur` ekgfe`d mbd tbxtk ` ` d` `dtur` mb d`s dbtr`s g`yÿsiud`s, d`s gfeÿsiud`s `dt`sd` `dtur` mb d`s dbtr`s g`yÿsiud`s, d`s gfeÿsiud`s `dt`s y dks eÿgbrks 

y dks eÿgbrks ..

I`m`

I`m``dtur` mb dbtr``dtur` mb dbtr` tfbeb ue` `pdfi`ifùe y abebr`dgbetb sb `pdfi`? tfbeb ue` `pdfi`ifùe y abebr`dgbetb sb `pdfi`?

 Betrb 8 y = gg p`r` `ikt`ifkebs y ekt`ifkebs.Betrb 8 y = gg p`r` `ikt`ifkebs y ekt`ifkebs. 

 Betrb 2 y 0> gg p`r` rùtudks y Betrb 2 y 0> gg p`r` rùtudks y mbekgfe`ifkebs.mbekgfe`ifkebs. 

 Betrb 08 y 82 gg p`r` ar`embs rùtudks.Betrb 08 y 82 gg p`r` ar`embs rùtudks.

D` `dtur` ekgfe`d bs

D` `dtur` ekgfe`d bs d` mb d`s g`yÿsiud`s d` mb d`s g`yÿsiud`s  y y d` mb d`s gfeÿsiud`s d` mb d`s gfeÿsiud`s  bs mb 2/1 d` ekgfe`d. bs mb 2/1 d` ekgfe`d.

]`etk be bd i`obtçe mb rktud`ifùe ikgk skhrb bd mfhuok sb utfdfz`rà d`

]`etk be bd i`obtçe mb rktud`ifùe ikgk skhrb bd mfhuok sb utfdfz`rà d` bsirftur` ekrg`dfz`m` bsirftur` ekrg`dfz`m` , ike, ike

bd t`g`ðk y bspbskr `mbiu`mk `d i`obtçe k `d mfhuok, y` sb` ` g`ek `dz`m`, pd`etfdd` k gbmf`etb bd bd t`g`ðk y bspbskr `mbiu`mk `d i`obtçe k `d mfhuok, y` sb` ` g`ek `dz`m`, pd`etfdd` k gbmf`etb bd krmbe`mkr y sus jbrr`gfbet`s felkrgàtfi`s.

krmbe`mkr y sus jbrr`gfbet`s felkrgàtfi`s. D`

D` bsirftur` vbrtfi`dbsirftur` vbrtfi`d  sb subdb utfdfz`r prblbrbetbgbetb be pd`eks mb `rquftbitur`  sb subdb utfdfz`r prblbrbetbgbetb be pd`eks mb `rquftbitur` (ikestruiifùe, bdæitrfiks y bdbitrùefiks), y d`

(ikestruiifùe, bdæitrfiks y bdbitrùefiks), y d` iursfv` k feidfe`m`iursfv` k feidfe`m`, be pd`eks abebr`dgbetb femustrf`dbs., be pd`eks abebr`dgbetb femustrf`dbs. <.<.

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<.<.0.

<.<.0.GàrabebsGàrabebs

Be dks lkrg`tks sb mbhb mfhuo`r ue rbiu`mrk fetbrfkr, qub mbdfgftb d` zke` ÿtfd mb mfhuok. Bstb Be dks lkrg`tks sb mbhb mfhuo`r ue rbiu`mrk fetbrfkr, qub mbdfgftb d` zke` ÿtfd mb mfhuok. Bstb rbiu`mrk mbo` ueks

rbiu`mrk mbo` ueks gàrabebsgàrabebs be bd lkrg`tk, qub d` ekrg` bst`hdbib qub ek sb` felbrfkr ` be bd lkrg`tk, qub d` ekrg` bst`hdbib qub ek sb` felbrfkr ` 8> gg8> gg p`r` p`r` dks

dks lkrg`tks @> y @0lkrg`tks @> y @0, y ek felbrfkr `, y ek felbrfkr ` 0> gg0> gg p`r` dks p`r` dks lkrg`tks @8, @9 y @=lkrg`tks @8, @9 y @=..

Yf sb prbvæ ue pdba`mk p`r` `rijfv`mk ike pbrlkr`ifkebs be bd p`pbd, sb mbhb mblfefr ue

Yf sb prbvæ ue pdba`mk p`r` `rijfv`mk ike pbrlkr`ifkebs be bd p`pbd, sb mbhb mblfefr ue g`rabeg`rabe mb `rijfv`mk

mb `rijfv`mk (k(k g`rabe mb beiu`mbre`ifùe g`rabe mb beiu`mbre`ifùe ) mb ue` `eijur` gçefg` mb) mb ue` `eijur` gçefg` mb 8> gg8> gg, be bd d`mk kpubstk `d, be bd d`mk kpubstk `d

iu`mrk mb rktud`ifùe (bs mbifr, bd g`rabe fzqufbrmk). iu`mrk mb rktud`ifùe (bs mbifr, bd g`rabe fzqufbrmk).

Mb su ekrg`dfz`ifùe sb bei`ra`e d`s

Mb su ekrg`dfz`ifùe sb bei`ra`e d`s ekrg`s REB 0>00 y MFE :89ekrg`s REB 0>00 y MFE :89.. <.<.8.

<.<.8.G`rikG`rik

Ek tkm` d` supbrlfifb mbd lkrg`tk sb utfdfz` p`r` mfhuo`r. Yb prbvæ ue

Ek tkm` d` supbrlfifb mbd lkrg`tk sb utfdfz` p`r` mfhuo`r. Yb prbvæ ue g`rikg`rik qub qub mbdfgft` bdmbdfgft` bd àrb` mb mfhuok 

àrb` mb mfhuok , mbhfbemk rb`dfz`rsb gbmf`etb, mbhfbemk rb`dfz`rsb gbmf`etb tr`zk iketfeuktr`zk iketfeuk mb mbarkskr >,2 ù >,: ggarkskr>,2 ù >,: gg..

Bobgpdk?

Bobgpdk? Gàrabebs y g`rik p`r` dks lkrg`tks mb d` sbrfb @. Gàrabebs y g`rik p`r` dks lkrg`tks mb d` sbrfb @.

<.<.9.

<.<.9.Iu`mrk mb rktud`ifùeIu`mrk mb rktud`ifùe Ikekifmk t`ghfæe ikgk

Ikekifmk t`ghfæe ikgk i`obtçei`obtçe, sb mbhb ikdki`r mbetrk mb d` zke` mb mfhuok, y be d` p`rtb, sb mbhb ikdki`r mbetrk mb d` zke` mb mfhuok, y be d` p`rtb felbrfkr mbrbij`, sfbemk su mfrbiifùe mb dbitur`, d` gfsg` qub bd mfhuok. Be d`

felbrfkr mbrbij`, sfbemk su mfrbiifùe mb dbitur`, d` gfsg` qub bd mfhuok. Be d` ekrg` REB 0>92-62ekrg` REB 0>92-62, sb, sb bst`hdbib d` mfspksfifùe qub pubmb `mkpt`r bd iu`mrk ike su mks zke`s? d` mb

bst`hdbib d` mfspksfifùe qub pubmb `mkpt`r bd iu`mrk ike su mks zke`s? d` mb fmbetflfi`ifùefmbetflfi`ifùe, mb `eijur`, mb `eijur` gàxfg`

gàxfg` 012 gg012 gg  y d` mb  y d` mb felkrg`ifùe supdbgbet`rf`felkrg`ifùe supdbgbet`rf`, qub sb mbhb ikdki`r beifg` k ` d` fzqufbrm` mb, qub sb mbhb ikdki`r beifg` k ` d` fzqufbrm` mb `qubdd`.

`qubdd`. <.<.=.

<.<.=.Ybð`dbs mb ibetr`mkYbð`dbs mb ibetr`mk D`s

D`s sbð`dbs mb ibetr`mksbð`dbs mb ibetr`mk ske ueks ske ueks tr`zks ikdki`mks be dks bxtrbgks mb dks bobs mb sfgbtrç` mbdtr`zks ikdki`mks be dks bxtrbgks mb dks bobs mb sfgbtrç` mbd lkrg`tk, be dks mks sbetfmks 

lkrg`tk, be dks mks sbetfmks . Mb ue. Mb ue arkskr gçefgk mb >,2 ggarkskr gçefgk mb >,2 gg y skhrbp`s`emk bd rbiu`mrk be y skhrbp`s`emk bd rbiu`mrk be 2 2 gggg..

Mbhb khsbrv`rsb ue` tkdbr`eif` be d` pksfifùe mb

Mbhb khsbrv`rsb ue` tkdbr`eif` be d` pksfifùe mb >,2 gg>,2 gg. Bst`s g`ri`s sfrvbe p`r`. Bst`s g`ri`s sfrvbe p`r` l`ifdft`r d`l`ifdft`r d` rbprkmuiifùe y gfirklfdg`mk 

(22)

Bei`re`ifùe

Bei`re`ifùe G`rçe G`rçe I`h`ddbrk I`h`ddbrk ^àafe` ^àafe` 88 88 mb mb 8181

<.<.2.

<.<.2.Ybð`dbs mb krfbet`ifùeYbð`dbs mb krfbet`ifùe D`s

D`s sbð`dbs mb krfbet`ifùesbð`dbs mb krfbet`ifùe ske ske mks ldbij`s k trfàeaudks bqufdàtbrks mfhuo`mks skhrb d`s sbð`dbsmks ldbij`s k trfàeaudks bqufdàtbrks mfhuo`mks skhrb d`s sbð`dbs mb ibetr`mk 

mb ibetr`mk , p`r`, p`r` femfi`r d` pksfifùe mb d` jko` skhrb bd t`hdbrk femfi`r d` pksfifùe mb d` jko` skhrb bd t`hdbrk ..

<.<.<.

<.<.<.Ar`mu`ifùe gætrfi` mb Ar`mu`ifùe gætrfi` mb rblbrbeif`rblbrbeif` D`

D` ar`mu`ifùe gætrfi` mb rblbrbeif`ar`mu`ifùe gætrfi` mb rblbrbeif`  bs ue`  bs ue` rbadfdd` mb 0>> gg mb dkeaftum, mfvfmfm` berbadfdd` mb 0>> gg mb dkeaftum, mfvfmfm` be ibetçgbtrks 

ibetçgbtrks , qub pbrgftfrà, qub pbrgftfrà ikgprkh`r d` rbmuiifùe mbd krfafe` be i`sks mb rbprkmuiifùe ikgprkh`r d` rbmuiifùe mbd krfafe` be i`sks mb rbprkmuiifùe ..

<.1.

<.1.Iu`mrk mb rktud`ifùeIu`mrk mb rktud`ifùe

Bd

Bd iu`mrk mb rktud`ifùeiu`mrk mb rktud`ifùe k t`ghfæe dd`g`mk i`obtçe rbikab dksk t`ghfæe dd`g`mk i`obtçe rbikab dks m`tks gàs rbdbv`etbs mbd pd`ekm`tks gàs rbdbv`etbs mbd pd`ek  p`r` su

 p`r` su dki`dfz`ifùe b dki`dfz`ifùe b fetbrprbt`ifùe fetbrprbt`ifùe . Yb j` mb ikdki`r be d`. Yb j` mb ikdki`r be d` p`rtb felbr p`rtb felbrfkr fkr mbrbij` mbd mbrbij` mbd pd`ek pd`ek , t`etk be, t`etk be

dks pd`eks jkrfzket`dbs ikgk be dks vbrtfi`dbs. dks pd`eks jkrfzket`dbs ikgk be dks vbrtfi`dbs.

Mb su ekrg`dfz`ifùe sb bei`ra`e d`s

Mb su ekrg`dfz`ifùe sb bei`ra`e d`s ekrg`s REB 0>92 y MFE <1:8 y <1:9ekrg`s REB 0>92 y MFE <1:8 y <1:9, be d`s qub sb m`e, be d`s qub sb m`e mfstfetks gkmbdks. I`m` bgprbs` dks `m`pt` ` sus prkibsks.

mfstfetks gkmbdks. I`m` bgprbs` dks `m`pt` ` sus prkibsks.

]kmk mfhuok tæiefik mbhb iketbebr ue i`obtçe, mfvfmfmk be rbitàeaudks `my`ibetbs (

]kmk mfhuok tæiefik mbhb iketbebr ue i`obtçe, mfvfmfmk be rbitàeaudks `my`ibetbs (i`gpks mbi`gpks mb m`tks

m`tks) mbstfe`mks ` rbifhfr) mbstfe`mks ` rbifhfr m`tks bspbiçlfiks, ebibs`rfks p`r` l`ifdft`r d` fmbetflfi`ifùe y ikgprbesfùem`tks bspbiçlfiks, ebibs`rfks p`r` l`ifdft`r d` fmbetflfi`ifùe y ikgprbesfùe mbd mfhuok 

mbd mfhuok . Ybaÿe bstk, sb pubmb `lfrg`r qub bd i`obtçe vfbeb ` sbr bd MEF mb ue pd`ek.. Ybaÿe bstk, sb pubmb `lfrg`r qub bd i`obtçe vfbeb ` sbr bd MEF mb ue pd`ek.

Dks

Dks pd`eks  pd`eks  mbhbe bst`r pbrlbit`gbetb mbdfeb`mks, be p`pbd ekrg`dgbetb mb mbhbe bst`r pbrlbit`gbetb mbdfeb`mks, be p`pbd ekrg`dgbetb mb t`g`ðk @9 k @=t`g`ðk @9 k @=,,

ike i`obtçe be tkmks bddks ike d` felkrg`ifùe sfaufbetb? ike i`obtçe be tkmks bddks ike d` felkrg`ifùe sfaufbetb?

 Ekghrb mb mfhuo`mk.Ekghrb mb mfhuo`mk. Bs bd ekghrb mb d` pbrske` qub j` mfhuo`mk bd pd`ek. Bs bd ekghrb mb d` pbrske` qub j` mfhuo`mk bd pd`ek. 

 Ekghrb mb ikgprkh`mk.Ekghrb mb ikgprkh`mk. Bs bd ekghrb mb d` pbrske` qub j` ikgprkh`mk bd pd`ek. Bs bd ekghrb mb d` pbrske` qub j` ikgprkh`mk bd pd`ek. 

 Lbij` mb mfhuo`mk.Lbij` mb mfhuo`mk. Bs d` lbij` mb lfe`dfz`ifùe mbd pd`ek. Bst` lbij` bs fgpkrt`etb pkr r`zkebs Bs d` lbij` mb lfe`dfz`ifùe mbd pd`ek. Bst` lbij` bs fgpkrt`etb pkr r`zkebs

dba`dbs, ikgk pkr bobgpdk, mbrbijks mb p`tbetb. dba`dbs, ikgk pkr bobgpdk, mbrbijks mb p`tbetb.

 Lbij` mb ikgprkh`mk.Lbij` mb ikgprkh`mk. Bs d` lbij` mb iu`emk bd tæiefik rb`dfz` d` ikgprkh`ifùe mbd pd`ek mb Bs d` lbij` mb iu`emk bd tæiefik rb`dfz` d` ikgprkh`ifùe mbd pd`ek mb

`iubrmk ike d`s ekrg`s. `iubrmk ike d`s ekrg`s.

 Mbsfae`ifùe mbd pd`ek.Mbsfae`ifùe mbd pd`ek.  Bs bd tçtudk mbd pd`ek b femfi` su iketbefmk. Re` hube` mbsirfpifùe  Bs bd tçtudk mbd pd`ek b femfi` su iketbefmk. Re` hube` mbsirfpifùe

l`ifdft` d` hÿsqubm` y pkstbrfkr rbiupbr`ifùe mbd pd`ek, utfdfz`emk bd tçtudk. Yb mbhbrç`e bvft`r l`ifdft` d` hÿsqubm` y pkstbrfkr rbiupbr`ifùe mbd pd`ek, utfdfz`emk bd tçtudk. Yb mbhbrç`e bvft`r d`s `hrbvf`tur`s.

d`s `hrbvf`tur`s.

 Eÿgbrk mb pd`ek.Eÿgbrk mb pd`ek. Fmbetflfi` d` jko` mbd pd`ek. Fmbetflfi` d` jko` mbd pd`ek. 

 Eÿgbrk mb pd`eks.Eÿgbrk mb pd`eks. Bs bd eÿgbrk tkt`d mb jko`s qu Bs bd eÿgbrk tkt`d mb jko`s qub ikestftuybe bd pd`ek.b ikestftuybe bd pd`ek. 

 Mbp`rt`gbetk rbspkes`hdb.Mbp`rt`gbetk rbspkes`hdb. Bs bd ekghrb k iùmfak mb d` uefm`m mb d` kra`efz`ifùe qub sb j`ib Bs bd ekghrb k iùmfak mb d` uefm`m mb d` kra`efz`ifùe qub sb j`ib

rbspkes`hdb mbd iketbefmk y g`etbefgfbetk mbd pd`ek. rbspkes`hdb mbd iketbefmk y g`etbefgfbetk mbd pd`ek.

(23)

Bobgpdk?

Bobgpdk? I`obtçe. I`obtçe.

I`r`itbrçstfi`s? I`r`itbrçstfi`s?

 Yb mfhuo` be d` bsqufe` felbrfkr mbrbij` mbd pd`ek.Yb mfhuo` be d` bsqufe` felbrfkr mbrbij` mbd pd`ek. 

 Mbhb vbrsb ue` vbz pdba`mk.Mbhb vbrsb ue` vbz pdba`mk. 

 Bd i`obtçe mbhbrà tbebr ue` `eijur` mb 012 gg, ike ue` `dtur` tkt`d qub mbpbembrà mb dksBd i`obtçe mbhbrà tbebr ue` `eijur` mb 012 gg, ike ue` `dtur` tkt`d qub mbpbembrà mb dks

sbitkrbs qub sb feiduy`e. D`s `dtur`s mb i`m`

sbitkrbs qub sb feiduy`e. D`s `dtur`s mb i`m` sbitkr sbràe gÿdtfpdk mb 2 gg, sfbemk d` gçefg` msbitkr sbràe gÿdtfpdk mb 2 gg, sfbemk d` gçefg` mbb 0> gg.

0> gg. ^ksfifùe? ^ksfifùe? Be dks

Be dks lkrg`tks @9 `d @>lkrg`tks @9 `d @>, bd i`obtçe sb ikdki` be bd àeaudk felbrfkr mbrbijk mbd àrb` mb mfhuok., bd i`obtçe sb ikdki` be bd àeaudk felbrfkr mbrbijk mbd àrb` mb mfhuok. ^`r` bd

^`r` bd lkrg`tk @=lkrg`tk @=, bd i`obtçe sb sftÿ` be bd d`mk ikrtk felbrfkr mbd àrb` mb mfhuok., bd i`obtçe sb sftÿ` be bd d`mk ikrtk felbrfkr mbd àrb` mb mfhuok. D`

D` `eijur` tkt`d `eijur` tkt`d   bs mb 012 gg, qub ikrrbspkemb `d  bs mb 012 gg, qub ikrrbspkemb `d lkrg`tk @=lkrg`tk @=, ike bd, ike bd g`rabe mbg`rabe mb beiu`mbre`ifùe

beiu`mbre`ifùe mb 82 gg. V bdmb 82 gg. V bd g`rabe mbrbijk g`rabe mbrbijk  mb 0> gg. ^`r` tkmks dks t`g`ðks mb p`pbd sb utfdfz` bd mb 0> gg. ^`r` tkmks dks t`g`ðks mb p`pbd sb utfdfz` bd

gfsgk i`obtçe. gfsgk i`obtçe.

Bd

Bd sbetfmk mb dbitur` mbd mfhuoksbetfmk mb dbitur` mbd mfhuok sbrà bd gfsgk qub bd mbd i`obtçe. sbrà bd gfsgk qub bd mbd i`obtçe.

<.:.

<.:.^dba`mk mb pd`eks^dba`mk mb pd`eks

D`

D` ekrg` REB 0>81-62ekrg` REB 0>81-62, bst`hdbib d`, bst`hdbib d` lkrg` mb pdba`r dks pd`eks mb lkrg`tk supbrfkr `d @= lkrg` mb pdba`r dks pd`eks mb lkrg`tk supbrfkr `d @= ..

Æstb sb j`rà be

Æstb sb j`rà be zfa-z`a zfa-z`a , t`etk be, t`etk be sbetfmk vbrtfi`d sbetfmk vbrtfi`d   ikgk  ikgk jkrfzket`d jkrfzket`d , j`st` mbo`rdk rbmuifmk ` d`s, j`st` mbo`rdk rbmuifmk ` d`s

mfgbesfkebs mb `rijfv`mk. ]`ghfæe sb femfi` be bst` ekrg` qub bd iu`mrk mb rktud`ifùe, sfbgprb mbhb mfgbesfkebs mb `rijfv`mk. ]`ghfæe sb femfi` be bst` ekrg` qub bd iu`mrk mb rktud`ifùe, sfbgprb mbhb

qubm`r be d` p`rtb `etbrfkr y ` d` vfst`  qubm`r be d` p`rtb `etbrfkr y ` d` vfst` ..

(24)

Bei`re`ifùe

Bei`re`ifùe G`rçe G`rçe I`h`ddbrk I`h`ddbrk ^àafe` ^àafe` 8= 8= mb mb 8181

Dks

Dks pd`eks mb lkrg`tk supbrfkr `d @=pd`eks mb lkrg`tk supbrfkr `d @=, sb pdfba`e mb lkrg` qub qubmbe be lkrg`tk @= ike bd, sb pdfba`e mb lkrg` qub qubmbe be lkrg`tk @= ike bd i`obtçe ` d` vfst`, sbaÿe

i`obtçe ` d` vfst`, sbaÿe ekrg` REB 0>81 ekrg` REB 0>81 ..

1.

1.

@

@

XIJF\@MK MB ^D@EKYXIJF\@MK MB ^D@EKY

1.0.

1.0.@rijfvk mb pd`eks krfafe`dbs@rijfvk mb pd`eks krfafe`dbs

Ikgk y` sb j` femfi`mk `d ikgfbezk mb bstb tbg`, dks pd`eks krfafe`dbs rb`dfz`mks be skpkrtb Ikgk y` sb j` femfi`mk `d ikgfbezk mb bstb tbg`, dks pd`eks krfafe`dbs rb`dfz`mks be skpkrtb p`pbd ek sb pdfba`e. Yfe bgh`rak, p`r` bvft`r su mbtbrfkrk, sb pubmbe `rijfv`r mb mfvbrs`s lkrg`s? p`pbd ek sb pdfba`e. Yfe bgh`rak, p`r` bvft`r su mbtbrfkrk, sb pubmbe `rijfv`r mb mfvbrs`s lkrg`s?

 Berkdd`mks mbetrk mb tuhks mb i`rtùe k pdàstfik.Berkdd`mks mbetrk mb tuhks mb i`rtùe k pdàstfik. 

 Bxtbemfmks skhrb ue`s h`embo`s mfspubst`s be bst`etbs.Bxtbemfmks skhrb ue`s h`embo`s mfspubst`s be bst`etbs. 

(25)

Re` vbz

Re` vbz pdba`mks  pdba`mks y y t`d`mr`mks t`d`mr`mks pkr pkr su su g`rabe g`rabe mb mb `rijfvk `rijfvk , dks pd`eks sb fetrkmuibe be ue`, dks pd`eks sb fetrkmuibe be ue`

i`rpbt` pkrt`-pd`eks

i`rpbt` pkrt`-pd`eks, krmbe`mks sbaÿe su eugbr`ifùe. Bst` i`rpbt` mbhbrà feidufr bd ikrrbspkemfbetb, krmbe`mks sbaÿe su eugbr`ifùe. Bst` i`rpbt` mbhbrà feidufr bd ikrrbspkemfbetb

çemfib mb pd`eks  çemfib mb pd`eks ..

1.8.

1.8.H`sb mb m`tks mb H`sb mb m`tks mb pd`ekspd`eks

Ikevfbeb mfspkebr be d`

Ikevfbeb mfspkebr be d` Klfife` ]æiefi` Klfife` ]æiefi`   ue`  ue` h`sb mb m`tks mb pd`eksh`sb mb m`tks mb pd`eks, feiduybemk be i`m`, feiduybemk be i`m`

rbafstrk tkm` d` felkrg`ifùe mfspkefhdb mb i`m` pd`ek?

rbafstrk tkm` d` felkrg`ifùe mfspkefhdb mb i`m` pd`ek? tçtudk, eÿgbrk mb pd`ek, mfsbð`mkr, mbdfeb`etb,tçtudk, eÿgbrk mb pd`ek, mfsbð`mkr, mbdfeb`etb, sftu`ifùe be bd `rijfvk, bti.

sftu`ifùe be bd `rijfvk, bti. Mb bst` lkrg`, d` dki`dfz`ifùe mb ue pd`ek be bd `rijfvk  Mb bst` lkrg`, d` dki`dfz`ifùe mb ue pd`ek be bd `rijfvk bsbs ràpfm` y iùgkm` ràpfm` y iùgkm` ..

@ su vbz, i`m`

@ su vbz, i`m` rbafstrk mb d` h`sb mb m`tks mb pd`eksrbafstrk mb d` h`sb mb m`tks mb pd`eks  feidufrà bd i`gpk  feidufrà bd i`gpk eÿgbrk mbeÿgbrk mb fmbetflfi`ifùe 

fmbetflfi`ifùe , p`r` qub ue pd`ek pubm` sbr làifdgbetb dki`dfz`mk betrb bd eÿgbrk, ` vbibs ikesfmbr`hdb,, p`r` qub ue pd`ek pubm` sbr làifdgbetb dki`dfz`mk betrb bd eÿgbrk, ` vbibs ikesfmbr`hdb,

mb pd`eks qub sb g`ebo`e y `rijfv`e be d` klfife` tæiefi`. mb pd`eks qub sb g`ebo`e y `rijfv`e be d` klfife` tæiefi`.

:.

:.

^

^

D@EKY ^@X@ RE@D@EKY ^@X@ RE@

FI]

FI]

Be bd @ebxk F mb d` Krmbe F]I/00=8/8>0> skhrb bd puetk 8 mbd prkybitk tæiefik mb FI] sb Be bd @ebxk F mb d` Krmbe F]I/00=8/8>0> skhrb bd puetk 8 mbd prkybitk tæiefik mb FI] sb feiduybe dks

feiduybe dks pd`eks y bsqubg`s mb prfeifpfk ebibs`rfks p`r` d` fest`d`ifùe mb d` felr`bstruitur`pd`eks y bsqubg`s mb prfeifpfk ebibs`rfks p`r` d` fest`d`ifùe mb d` felr`bstruitur`.. Ikestftuybe d` jbrr`gfbet` p`r` qub bd ikestruitkr pubm` uhfi`r be dks dua`rbs `mbiu`mks dks Ikestftuybe d` jbrr`gfbet` p`r` qub bd ikestruitkr pubm` uhfi`r be dks dua`rbs `mbiu`mks dks bdbgbetks rbqubrfmks be d` gbgkrf`, mb `iubrmk ike d`s i`r`itbrçstfi`s mb dks gfsgks feidufm`s be bd bdbgbetks rbqubrfmks be d` gbgkrf`, mb `iubrmk ike d`s i`r`itbrçstfi`s mb dks gfsgks feidufm`s be bd ^dfbak mb Ikemfifkebs.

^dfbak mb Ikemfifkebs.

Mbhbe sbr, pkr t`etk,

Mbhbe sbr, pkr t`etk, id`rks y prbifsks id`rks y prbifsks . Mbdfeb`mks pkr. Mbdfeb`mks pkr gbmfks bdbitrùefiks k g`eu`dbs gbmfks bdbitrùefiks k g`eu`dbs 

bdfgfe`emk mum`s be su fetbrprbt`ifùe. bdfgfe`emk mum`s be su fetbrprbt`ifùe.

Dks rbldbo`mks ` iketfeu`ifùe, ikesfmbr`mks ikgk gçefgks, pkmràe sbr ikgpdbgbet`mks ike Dks rbldbo`mks ` iketfeu`ifùe, ikesfmbr`mks ikgk gçefgks, pkmràe sbr ikgpdbgbet`mks ike ktrks pd`eks qub ` oufifk mbd prkybitfst` sb`e ebibs`rfks be i`m` i`sk ikeirbtk.

ktrks pd`eks qub ` oufifk mbd prkybitfst` sb`e ebibs`rfks be i`m` i`sk ikeirbtk. Bs fgpkrt`etb sbð`d`r qub sb mbhbe feidufr ouetk ` dks

Bs fgpkrt`etb sbð`d`r qub sb mbhbe feidufr ouetk ` dks pd`eks mbd bmflfifkpd`eks mbd bmflfifk, qub gubstrbe d`, qub gubstrbe d` uhfi`ifùe mb dks rbifetks, d`s i`e`dfz`ifkebs, rbafstrks y h`sbs mb `iibsk tbrgfe`d, dks

uhfi`ifùe mb dks rbifetks, d`s i`e`dfz`ifkebs, rbafstrks y h`sbs mb `iibsk tbrgfe`d, dks bsqubg`s hàsfiksbsqubg`s hàsfiks mb d`s felr`bstruitur`s mb r`mfkmflusfùe skekr` y tbdbvfsfùe y mb dks sbrvfifks mb tbdbikguefi`ifkebs mb mb d`s felr`bstruitur`s mb r`mfkmflusfùe skekr` y tbdbvfsfùe y mb dks sbrvfifks mb tbdbikguefi`ifkebs mb tbdblkeç` mfspkefhdb `d pÿhdfik y mb h`em` `eij` 

tbdblkeç` mfspkefhdb `d pÿhdfik y mb h`em` `eij` ..

 BdBd bsqubg` mb d` felr`bstruitur`bsqubg` mb d` felr`bstruitur`  tfbeb pkr khobtk gkstr`r d`s i`e`dfz`ifkebs, rbifetks,  tfbeb pkr khobtk gkstr`r d`s i`e`dfz`ifkebs, rbifetks,

rbafstrks y h`sbs mb `iibsk tbrgfe`d. rbafstrks y h`sbs mb `iibsk tbrgfe`d.

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Bei`re`ifùe

Bei`re`ifùe G`rçe G`rçe I`h`ddbrk I`h`ddbrk ^àafe` ^àafe` 8< 8< mb mb 8181

 BdBd bsqubg` mb r`mfkmflusfùe skekr` y tbdbvfsfùebsqubg` mb r`mfkmflusfùe skekr` y tbdbvfsfùe  tfbeb pkr khobtk gkstr`r dks bdbgbetks mb  tfbeb pkr khobtk gkstr`r dks bdbgbetks mb

bst` felr`bstruitur`, mbsmb dks

bst` felr`bstruitur`, mbsmb dks bdbgbetks mb i`pt`ifùe mb d`s sbð`dbs j`st` d`s h`sbs mb bdbgbetks mb i`pt`ifùe mb d`s sbð`dbs j`st` d`s h`sbs mb `iibsk`iibsk mb dks tbrgfe`dbs.

mb dks tbrgfe`dbs.

 BdBd bsqubg` mb tbdbikguefi`ifkebs mb tbdblkeç` mfspkefhdb `d pÿhdfik y mb h`em` `eij`bsqubg` mb tbdbikguefi`ifkebs mb tbdblkeç` mfspkefhdb `d pÿhdfik y mb h`em` `eij` tfbeb tfbeb

pkr khobtk gkstr`r d` mfstrfhuifùe mb dks i`hdbs y mbgàs bdbgbetks mb d` rbmbs mb tbdblkeç` pkr khobtk gkstr`r d` mfstrfhuifùe mb dks i`hdbs y mbgàs bdbgbetks mb d` rbmbs mb tbdblkeç` mfspkefhdb `d pÿhdfik y mb h`em` `eij` mbd bmflfifk k ikeouetk mb bmflfi`ifkebs y su `sfae`ifùe ` mfspkefhdb `d pÿhdfik y mb h`em` `eij` mbd bmflfifk k ikeouetk mb bmflfi`ifkebs y su `sfae`ifùe ` i`m` vfvfbem`.

i`m` vfvfbem`.

Yb feidufràe, `d gbeks, dks sfaufbetbs pd`eks? Yb feidufràe, `d gbeks, dks sfaufbetbs pd`eks? 8.0. ^d`ek abebr`d mb sftu`ifùe mbd bmflfifk. 8.0. ^d`ek abebr`d mb sftu`ifùe mbd bmflfifk.

8.8. ^d`eks mbsirfptfvks mb d` felr`bstruitur` p`r` d` fest`d`ifùe mb d`s rbmbs mb tbdbikguefi`ifùe 8.8. ^d`eks mbsirfptfvks mb d` felr`bstruitur` p`r` d` fest`d`ifùe mb d`s rbmbs mb tbdbikguefi`ifùe qub ikestftuybe d` FI].

qub ikestftuybe d` FI].

8.8.@. Fest`d`ifkebs mb FI] be pd`et` sùt`ek k a`r`ob (be su i`sk). 8.8.@. Fest`d`ifkebs mb FI] be pd`et` sùt`ek k a`r`ob (be su i`sk). 8.8.H. Fest`d`ifkebs mb FI] be pd`et` h`o`.

8.8.H. Fest`d`ifkebs mb FI] be pd`et` h`o`. 8.8.I. Fest`d`ifkebs mb FI] be pd`et` tfpk. 8.8.I. Fest`d`ifkebs mb FI] be pd`et` tfpk.

8.8.M. Fest`d`ifkebs mb FI] be pd`et`s sfeaud`rbs. 8.8.M. Fest`d`ifkebs mb FI] be pd`et`s sfeaud`rbs. 8.8.B. Fest`d`ifkebs mb FI] be àtfik (iu`emk prkibm`). 8.8.B. Fest`d`ifkebs mb FI] be àtfik (iu`emk prkibm`).

8.8.L. Fest`d`ifkebs mb FI] be pd`et` iuhfbrt` k h`ok iuhfbrt`. 8.8.L. Fest`d`ifkebs mb FI] be pd`et` iuhfbrt` k h`ok iuhfbrt`.

8.8.A. Fest`d`ifkebs mb FI] be sbiifùe (iu`emk d` bstruitur` mbd bmflfifk dk pbrgft`). 8.8.A. Fest`d`ifkebs mb FI] be sbiifùe (iu`emk d` bstruitur` mbd bmflfifk dk pbrgft`).

8.8.J. Fest`d`ifkebs p`r` sbrvfifks mb Jka`r Mfaft`d, y ktrks sbrvfifks. Iu`emk sb` pksfhdb, bst`s 8.8.J. Fest`d`ifkebs p`r` sbrvfifks mb Jka`r Mfaft`d, y ktrks sbrvfifks. Iu`emk sb` pksfhdb, bst`s fest`d`ifkebs sb pkmràe feidufr be dks pd`eks mb d`s fest`d`ifkebs ikgueft`rf`s mb d` FI], sfbgprb qub fest`d`ifkebs sb pkmràe feidufr be dks pd`eks mb d`s fest`d`ifkebs ikgueft`rf`s mb d` FI], sfbgprb qub qubmbe mbhfm`gbetb mflbrbeif`m`s. Yf bddk ek lubr` pksfhdb k `mbiu`mk, pkr su ikgpdbofm`m, sb feidufràe qubmbe mbhfm`gbetb mflbrbeif`m`s. Yf bddk ek lubr` pksfhdb k `mbiu`mk, pkr su ikgpdbofm`m, sb feidufràe be pd`eks sbp`r`mks. D`s fest`d`ifkebs be bd fetbrfkr mb d`s vfvfbem`s k dki`dbs sb gkstr`ràe be pd`eks be pd`eks sbp`r`mks. D`s fest`d`ifkebs be bd fetbrfkr mb d`s vfvfbem`s k dki`dbs sb gkstr`ràe be pd`eks sbp`r`mks.

sbp`r`mks.

8.9. Bsqubg`s mb prfeifpfk. 8.9. Bsqubg`s mb prfeifpfk.

8.9.@. Bsqubg` abebr`d mb d` felr`bstruitur` prkybit`m` p`r` bd bmflfifk, ike d`s mflbrbetbs 8.9.@. Bsqubg` abebr`d mb d` felr`bstruitur` prkybit`m` p`r` bd bmflfifk, ike d`s mflbrbetbs i`e`dfz`ifkebs y rbafstrks fmbetflfi`mks p`r` i`m` rbm mb tbdbikguefi`ifùe feidufm` be d` FI].

i`e`dfz`ifkebs y rbafstrks fmbetflfi`mks p`r` i`m` rbm mb tbdbikguefi`ifùe feidufm` be d` FI].

8.9.H. Bsqubg`s mb prfeifpfk mb d` fest`d`ifùe mb X`mfkmflusfùe Ykekr` y ]bdbvfsfùe, gkstr`emk tkmk bd 8.9.H. Bsqubg`s mb prfeifpfk mb d` fest`d`ifùe mb X`mfkmflusfùe Ykekr` y ]bdbvfsfùe, gkstr`emk tkmk bd g`tbrf`d `itfvk y p`sfvk (ike su fmbetflfi`ifùe ike rbd`ifùe ` dk femfi`mk be Gbgkrf` y ^dfbak mb g`tbrf`d `itfvk y p`sfvk (ike su fmbetflfi`ifùe ike rbd`ifùe ` dk femfi`mk be Gbgkrf` y ^dfbak mb Ikemfifkebs) y `ikt`ifkebs be gbtrks.

Ikemfifkebs) y `ikt`ifkebs be gbtrks.

8.9.I. Bsqubg`s mb prfeifpfk mb i`m` ue` mb d`s rbmbs p`r` bd `iibsk ` dks sbrvfifks mb tbdblkeç` 8.9.I. Bsqubg`s mb prfeifpfk mb i`m` ue` mb d`s rbmbs p`r` bd `iibsk ` dks sbrvfifks mb tbdblkeç` mfspkefhdb `d pÿhdfik y mb h`em` `eij`, gkstr`emk d` `sfae`ifùe mb i`hdbs pkr pd`et` y pkr vfvfbem` `sç mfspkefhdb `d pÿhdfik y mb h`em` `eij`, gkstr`emk d` `sfae`ifùe mb i`hdbs pkr pd`et` y pkr vfvfbem` `sç ikgk d`s i`r`itbrçstfi`s mb dks i`hdbs, y mbgàs bdbgbetks utfdfz`mks be dks puetks mb fetbrikebxfùe, ikgk d`s i`r`itbrçstfi`s mb dks i`hdbs, y mbgàs bdbgbetks utfdfz`mks be dks puetks mb fetbrikebxfùe, mfstrfhuifùe y mb `iibsk `d usu`rfk (ike su fmbetflfi`ifùe ike rbd`ifùe ` dk femfi`mk be Gbgkrf` y ^dfbak mfstrfhuifùe y mb `iibsk `d usu`rfk (ike su fmbetflfi`ifùe ike rbd`ifùe ` dk femfi`mk be Gbgkrf` y ^dfbak mb Ikemfifkebs) y `ikt`ifkebs be gbtrks.

mb Ikemfifkebs) y `ikt`ifkebs be gbtrks.

8.9.M. Bsqubg`s mb prfeifpfk mb d` fest`d`ifùe prkybit`m` p`r` iu`dqufbr ktr` rbm feidufm` be d` FI]. 8.9.M. Bsqubg`s mb prfeifpfk mb d` fest`d`ifùe prkybit`m` p`r` iu`dqufbr ktr` rbm feidufm` be d` FI]. 8.9.B. Bsqubg` mb mfstrfhuifùe mb bqufpks be bd fetbrfkr mbd Xbafstrk mb ]brgfe`ifùe mb Xbm.

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6.

6.

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D@EKY ^@X@ RE@D@EKY ^@X@ RE@

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X

BM MBBM MB

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Be ue prkybitk tæiefik mb \kz y M`tks s

Be ue prkybitk tæiefik mb \kz y M`tks sb feidufràe, `d gbeks, dks sfaufbetbs pd`eks?b feidufràe, `d gbeks, dks sfaufbetbs pd`eks?

 Yftu`ifùe. Bmflfifks. ^d`et`s.Yftu`ifùe. Bmflfifks. ^d`et`s. 

 Mf`ar`g` mb hdkqubs abebr`d (bdbitrùefi` mb rbm).Mf`ar`g` mb hdkqubs abebr`d (bdbitrùefi` mb rbm). 

 Mf`ar`g` mb hdkqubs femfvfmu`d (bdbitrùefi` mb rbm).Mf`ar`g` mb hdkqubs femfvfmu`d (bdbitrùefi` mb rbm). 

 Mf`ar`g` abebr`d mb d` fest`d`ifùe mb i`hdb`mk (sf j`y bmflfifks).Mf`ar`g` abebr`d mb d` fest`d`ifùe mb i`hdb`mk (sf j`y bmflfifks). 

 Fest`d`ifkebs pkr pd`et`. Mfstrfhuifùe mb tkg`s. I`e`dfz`ifkebs y i`hdb`mks p`r` rbmbs yFest`d`ifkebs pkr pd`et`. Mfstrfhuifùe mb tkg`s. I`e`dfz`ifkebs y i`hdb`mks p`r` rbmbs y

tbdblkeç`. tbdblkeç`.

 ^`ebd mb p`rijbk y i`hdb`mk pkr i`m` pd`et` mbd bmflfifk. Eugbr`ifùe.^`ebd mb p`rijbk y i`hdb`mk pkr i`m` pd`et` mbd bmflfifk. Eugbr`ifùe.

Dks

Dks pd`eks mb fest`d`ifùepd`eks mb fest`d`ifùe femfi`e d` femfi`e d` uhfi`ifùe mb dks `rg`rfks, h`embo`s, i`e`dbt`s, bqufpks mbuhfi`ifùe mb dks `rg`rfks, h`embo`s, i`e`dbt`s, bqufpks mb rbm k ibetr`dft`s tbdblùefi`s 

rbm k ibetr`dft`s tbdblùefi`s , `sç ikgk d`s, `sç ikgk d`s zke`s mb `iibsk y mfstrfhuifùe mbd i`hdb`mk zke`s mb `iibsk y mfstrfhuifùe mbd i`hdb`mk , ` p`rtfr mb dks, ` p`rtfr mb dks

pd`eks mb `rquftbitur` u khr` ifvfd. pd`eks mb `rquftbitur` u khr` ifvfd.

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