EGYPT
Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)
In line with the government’s general policy and reflecting the country's commitment to the Montreal Protocol, the Egyptian Government has shown sustained commitment to reduce the consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS).
Egypt is neither a manufacturer nor an exporter of ODS. Egyptian Environmental Agency Affairs (EEAA) monitoring Ozone Depleting Substances (ODSs) as CFCs, CC14, Halons, CH3Br, C2H3Cl3, and other.
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Data reporting
The annual consumption data of ODSs available from the Fund Secretariat and the Ozone Secretariat in Nairobi Table (1.2) show that Egypt is in compliance for all phase-out targets and according to the control measures of Montreal Protocol Fig. (1.2.):
Table (1.2): ARTICLE 7 DATA (ODP TONNES).
Baseline 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 CFC 1,668.0 1,373.6 1,267.0 1,334.8 1,294.0 1,102.2 1,047.6 821.2 593.6 CTC 38.5 33.0 27.5 11.0 11.0 13.0 12.1 5.5 5.5 Halons 705.0 810.0 860.0 790.0 230.0 180.0 193.0 145.0 4.4.0 MB 238.1 409.2 420.0 432.0 270.0 238.0 219.0 188.4 180.0 TCA 26.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 19.0 18.0 17.5 15.0 12.5 Egypt - CFC 0 500 1000 1500 2000 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Years CF C Latest Consumption Baseline
Egypt - CTC
0
10
20
30
40
50
1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Years
CT
C
Latest
Consumption
Baseline
Fig. (1.2.B): CTCs Consumption (ODP tons).
Egypt - Halons
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Years
Ha
lons
Latest Consumption BaselineEgypt MBR
0
100
200
300
400
500
1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Years
MB
R
Latest Consumption BaselineFig. (1.2.D): MB Consumption (ODP tons).
Egypt TCA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Years
TC
A
Latest
Consumption
Baseline
Information to the public
• The awareness campaigns especially addressed to decision-makers, customs, investors, labour and general awareness addressed to NGOs, universities and the public.
• Celebrating the International Ozone Day on 16 September, and participating in celebrating other environmental days every year.
• Updating the web page for Ozone Unit activities and the Egyptian achievements for protecting the Ozone layer within the web site of EEAA (http://www.eeaa.gov.eg).
Measurements of Stratospheric Ozone
Egyptian Meteorological Authority (EMA) is responsible for measurements of column ozone amount (stratospheric ozone) and operates the main total ozone-monitoring network. Long-term daily observations of total ozone have been performed at the regional ozone centre of EMA at Cairo (30.08ºN, 31.28ºE) with the Dobson Spectrophotometer (D096) since 1967. Since 1984 second Dobson instrument (D069) has been maintained at Aswan (23.97ºN, 32.87ºE) to measure the amount of ozone over tropical area. At the late of 1998 Brewer Spectrophotometer mark II (B143) has been maintained at Matrouh (31.33ºN, 27.22ºE) to measure the total ozone and SO2 over northwest coast area of Egypt. With the end of 1999 third Dobson Spectrophotometer (D059) has been maintained at Hurghada (27.28°N. 33.75ºE) to measure the amount of ozone over Red sea area.
The daily and monthly mean values of total ozone amount are stored in the ozone database at EMA and they are also deposited in the WOUDC, Toronto, Canada.
220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month DU Cairo Aswan Matrouh Hurghada
yCa = 0.0022x + 291.18 yAs = 0.0182x + 264.93 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 1968 01 1969 01 1970 01 1971 01 1972 01 1973 01 1974 01 1975 01 1976 01 1977 01 1978 01 1979 011980 01 1981 01 1982 01 1983 01 1984 01 1985 01 1986 01 1987 01 1988 01 1989 01 1990 011991 01 1992 01 1993 01 1994 01 1995 01 1996 01 1997 01 1998 01 1999 01 2000 01 2001 01 2002 01 2003 01 2004 01 2005 01 2006 01 2007 01 MONTH DU CAIRO ASWAN Trend (Cairo) Trend (Aswan)
Fig. (2.1.B): Variation and trend of ozone amount over Cairo and Aswan (DU). Vertical Distribution of Ozone
Vertical distribution of ozone in the atmosphere is measured with Dobson and Brewer Spectrophotometers (Umkehr method) at Aswan, Matrouh and Hurghada. The N-values are stored in the ozone database at EMA and they are also deposited in the WOUDC, Toronto, Canada.
Surface ozone
EMA measure surface ozone outside urban regions, at Hurghada (27.28°N. 33.75ºE) which is an official WMO Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) station. Also EMA measure surface ozone at Sidi Branni (31.37ºN, 25.53ºE). South Valley University (SVU) in cooperation EMA has been measured surface ozone at Qena (26.20ºN, 32.75ºE).
UV measurements
Broadband measurements
EMA take the measurements of broadband UV solar radiation using Eppley Ultraviolet Radiometer at Cairo and Aswan since 1989. Also EMA in cooperation with SVU have been measured the broadband UV radiation at Qena since 2000.
Narrowband filter instruments
EMA measured the biologically effective solar UV-B radiation by UVB-1 Pyranometer at Cairo, Aswan since 1998 and at Rafaah (31.22ºN, 34.20ºE) since 2000. The measurements of the global UV-B are performed with the Brewer single monochromator for different solar zenith angles at Matrouh. Also EMA in collaboration with SVU have been measured the UV-B radiation at Qena since 2000.
DISSEMINATION OF RESULTS Data reporting
The ozone data collected from the network of Egyptian ozone stations by EMA at Cairo regional ozone centre monthly. Data files of ozone are transmitted regularly with SO2 to World Ozone Data
Information to the public
• Updating the web page for Ozone research and the Egyptian Meteorological Authority (EMA) achievements for weather and climate change within the web site of EMA (http://www.nwp.gov.eg).
• Matrouh lie on the coast of NW Egypt and summer resort. The scans are used for calculation of actual values of UV Index (UVI) daily presented for the public during the seasons especially the summer season. UVI is a numerical risk scale and a way of describing the daily danger from solar UVB radiation. The EPA used the following classification of the UV exposure level based on the UV index (0-2 minimal, 3-4 low, 5-6 moderate, 7-9 high and >10 very high).UVB insulation displays a daytime variation with maximum at solar noon, figure (2.1) and variation with months take a maximum at summer months (figure 2.1.c). UVB protection is critical during summer and especially so in the hours around solar noon. A person being out in the sun during midday hours more than ten minutes if you are without protection.
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Fig. (2.1): Diurnal variation of DUV and UVI on a clear summer day over Matrouh. (a)Winter 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 6: 59 7: 08 7: 12 7: 26 7: 35 7: 41 8: 08 8: 23 8: 32 10: 22 10: 28 10: 31 11: 11 12: 27 12: 47 13: 03 13: 28 13: 38 13: 44 13: 51 14: 07 Hour (GMT) In de x N o . WINTER 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 07:00 07:30 08:00 10:30 11:30 14:45 16:00 16:30 17:00 TIME (GMT) mW/m^ 2 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 Index No.
(b)Spring 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 5: 12 5: 29 5: 36 5: 40 5: 49 5: 55 6: 04 6: 15 6: 20 8: 11 8: 19 8: 26 10: 16 10: 20 10: 22 11: 19 12: 15 12: 23 12: 35 14: 20 14: 29 14: 35 15: 10 15: 15 15: 22 Hour (GMT) In d ex N o . SPRING (c)Summer 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 4: 59 5: 07 5: 10 5: 19 5: 26 5: 30 5: 49 5: 56 5: 59 6: 34 8: 10 8: 15 8: 25 10: 23 10: 25 10: 26 11: 58 12: 22 12: 42 13: 17 14: 08 14: 27 14: 55 15: 38 15: 46 Hour (GMT) Index N o . SUMMER (d)Autumn 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 5: 49 5: 59 6: 06 6: 14 6: 19 6: 28 6: 41 6: 52 7: 04 7: 17 8: 23 8: 35 10: 02 10: 06 10: 08 10: 32 11: 31 11: 51 12: 55 13: 10 13: 24 13: 52 14: 05 14: 23 Hour (GM T) AUTUMN
NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
• Continuity of the rule of the MLF ( technical and financial support to Article 5 countries will automatically lead to enabling Egypt and other developing countries to meet the changing requirements after 2010.
• We are in great need for scientific research program in ozone and climate change model. • We will appreciate assistance to start measurements of vertical ozone distribution advice to
elaborate a by ozonesonde especially at Aswan station (tropical area).
• We need technical and financial assistance for the regular calibration of Brewer with the traveling standard.
